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Sarli G, D’Annunzio G, Gobbo F, Benazzi C, Ostanello F. The Role of Pathology in the Diagnosis of Swine Respiratory Disease. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110256. [PMID: 34822629 PMCID: PMC8618091 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition “porcine respiratory disease complex” (PRDC) is used to indicate the current approach for presenting respiratory pathology in modern pig farming. PRDC includes pneumonias with variable pictures, mixed with both aerogenous and hematogenous forms with variable etiology, often multimicrobial, and influenced by environmental and management factors. The notion that many etiological agents of swine respiratory pathology are ubiquitous in the airways is commonly understood; however, their isolation or identification is not always associable with the current pathology. In this complex context, lung lesions registered at slaughterhouse or during necropsy, and supplemented by histological investigations, must be considered as powerful tools for assigning a prominent role to etiologic agents. In recent years, the goal of colocalizing causative agents with the lesions they produce has been frequently applied, and valid examples in routine diagnostics are those that indicate pulmonary involvement during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections.
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Dénes L, Horváth DG, Duran O, Ratkhjen PH, Kraft C, Acs B, Szász AM, Rümenapf T, Papp M, Ladinig A, Balka G. In Situ Hybridization of PRRSV-1 Combined with Digital Image Analysis in Lung Tissues of Pigs Challenged with PRRSV-1. Vet Sci 2021; 8:235. [PMID: 34679065 PMCID: PMC8540710 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaarterivirus suid 1 and 2 are the causative agents of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is one of the most significant diseases of the swine industry, causing significant economic losses in the main pig producing countries. Here, we report the development of a novel, RNA-based in situ hybridization technique (RNAscope) to detect PRRS virus (PRRSV) RNA in lung tissues of experimentally infected animals. The technique was applied to lung tissues of 20 piglets, which had been inoculated with a wild-type, highly pathogenic PRRSV-1 strain. To determine the RNAscope's applicability as a semi-quantitative method, we analysed the association between the proportion of the virus-infected cells measured with an image analysis software (QuPath) and the outcome of the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) tests performed in parallel. The results of the quantitative approach of these two molecular biological methods show significant association (pseudo R2 = 0.3894, p = 0.004). This is the first time RNAscope assay has been implemented for the detection of PRRSV-1 in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Dénes
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (D.G.H.)
| | - Dávid G. Horváth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (D.G.H.)
| | - Oliver Duran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; (O.D.); (P.H.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Poul H. Ratkhjen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; (O.D.); (P.H.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Christian Kraft
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; (O.D.); (P.H.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Balazs Acs
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:04, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Building 70, Level-2, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Attila M. Szász
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Till Rümenapf
- Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marton Papp
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (D.G.H.)
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Park C, Baek JH, Cho SH, Jeong J, Chae C, You SH, Cha SH. Field porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) attenuated by codon pair deoptimization (CPD) in NSP1 protected pigs from heterologous challenge. Virology 2019; 540:172-183. [PMID: 31928999 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Two type 2 field porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) isolated from PRRS-affected swine farms were attenuated by de-optimization of codon pair bias in NSP1. In 3-week-old pigs infection, the attenuated viruses showed significantly lower replication ability than the original viruses without distinct clinical sign and pathological lesions, which were observed in pig infected with the original viruses. Regarding induction of PRRSV specific immunity, the level of the neutralizing antibodies as well as secretion of IFN-γ-SCs in PBMCs was not different between the attenuated viruses and the original viruses. More importantly, pigs infected with the attenuated viruses exhibited significant reduction in respiratory scores, viremia, macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion scores, and PRRSV-antigen with interstitial pneumonia against a heterologous challenge with a type 2 virulent strain. Conclusively, the viruses attenuated by CPD in this study demonstrated potential usefulness as vaccine strains to provide protective immunity against diverse virulent PRRSVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Park
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 593-26 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Baek
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 593-26 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cho
- Department of Animal Vaccine Development, BioPOA, 593-26 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwa You
- PRRS research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- PRRS research Laboratory, Viral Diseases Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 3 by SYBR Green І-based duplex real-time PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 49:101474. [PMID: 31655106 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The SYBR Green І-based duplex real-time PCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) genomes. PRRSV and PCV-3 were distinguished in the same sample by their distinctive melting temperature (Tm) which was 84 °C for PRRSV and 81.5 °C for PCV-3, and other non-targeted swine viruses showed no specific melting peaks. The detection limits of this assay were 46.1copies/μL for PRRSV and 49.3copies/μL for PCV-3, respectively. Thirty-three lung samples of porcine with respiratory and reproductive failure symptoms were collected and confirmed by the SYBR Green І-based real-time PCR assay and conventional PCR assay. The real-time PCR detection results showed that the PRRSV positive rate was 45.45%, the PCV-3 positive rate was 63.63%, the PRRSV and PCV-3 co-infection positive rate was 36.36%, which were more sensitive than conventional PCR detection. This duplex real-time PCR assay could be a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the detection of PRRSV and PCV-3 co-infection.
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Fluorescence resonance energy transfer combined with asymmetric PCR for broad and sensitive detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2. J Virol Methods 2019; 272:113710. [PMID: 31351984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With its ever-increasing viral genetic diversity, accurate diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is indispensable for PRRSV control. Here, a sensitive graphene oxide (GO)-based FRET method was developed to detect PRRSV-2 based on the ability of GO to quench fluorophore by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Using primers and a fluorophore-labeled ssDNA probe targeting a conserved region between the PRRSV M gene and 3'UTR, asymmetric PCR specifically amplified viral ssDNA that could anneal with probe to generate dsDNA only in the presence of virus. Upon exonuclease III treatment to release the probe fluorophore, which degrades dsDNA with blunt ends or recessed 3´-termini, the ssDNA annealed with other probe to generate enhanced fluorescence. This GO-based FRET assay specifically detected both classical and highly pathogenic PRRSV, with analytical sensitivity approaching 10 copies/μL, similar to that of real-time PCR but greater than that of conventional reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Consistent with real-time RT-PCR detection, the assay developed here exhibited high diagnostic sensitivity for virus detection of sera from experimentally and naturally infected pigs. Thus, this novel GO-based FRET assay combined with asymmetric PCR detection is sensitive and specific and will be valuable for future PRRSV diagnosis.
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Li J, Wang G, Yang D, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Cai X, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Wu C. Development of luciferase-linked antibody capture assay based on luciferase immunoprecipitation systems for antibody detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:73. [PMID: 30445953 PMCID: PMC6240198 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of swine is necessary to control this devastating disease. By monitoring host serum antibodies to viral antigens, early virus detection within herds is feasible. In this study, recombinant antigens were generated using recombinant DNA techniques to fuse PRRSV structural protein (N) or nonstructural protein 1α (nsp1α) with the Rellina luciferase gene. Next, fused genes were cloned into plasmids and transfected into HEK-293 T cells for transient expression. Upon co-incubation of lysates with pig sera, antigen-antibody complexes formed that bound to Protein-G coated onto microplates. By further measurement of luminance value, a modified form of Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems, namely luciferase-linked antibody capture assay (LACA) was developed for detection of PRRSV-specific antibodies. RESULTS Known anti-PRRSV antibody-positive or -negative serum samples (125 and 122 samples, respectively) were used to validate the LACA and compared it with IDEXX PRRS ×3 ELISA. Based on the result, N-Rluc and nsp1α-Rluc LACA results were 95.3 and 94.4% in agreement with IDEXX ELISA, suggested a similar specificity of LACA to IDEXX ELISA. Moreover, when both LACA and IDEXX ELISA were used to evaluate sequential serum samples obtained from PRRSV experimentally infected pigs, the PRRSV-specific antibody response was detectable as early as 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) using N-Rluc LACA, but undetectable until 7 dpi using IDEXX ELISA, suggesting an improved sensitivity of LACA. Meanwhile, antibodies specific for nsp1α were detected at higher levels overall, but were undetectable until 10 dpi. Furthermore,. Notably, one IDEXX ELISA positive result was not confirmed by LACA or IFA and was thus considered a false-positive result. CONCLUSION The LACA exhibited similar specificity but improved sensitivity to that of the commercial IDEXX PRRS ×3 ELISA kit for detection of PRRSV-specific antibodies in pig serum. Importantly, LACA could be adapted for detecting antibodies against other PRRSV targets, such as nsp1α, to achieve earlier detection of PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Zhao
- Shaanxi Animal Disease Control Center, Xi'an, 710016, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongpan Zhao
- Shaanxi Domestic Animal Improving Station, Xianyang, 713702, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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DUY DT, KIM H, JEONG J, PARK KH, YANG S, OH T, KIM S, KANG I, CHAE C. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of commercial and prototype PRRS subunit vaccines against an HP-PRRSV challenge. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1463-1467. [PMID: 30022776 PMCID: PMC6160886 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) subunit vaccine and a prototype PRRS II subunit vaccine against a highly pathogenic PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) in pigs. Both vaccines were administered intramuscularly in 2 doses at 21 and 42 days of age, and the pigs were challenged intranasally with HP-PRRSV at 63 days of age. Pigs vaccinated with the prototype PRRS II subunit vaccine had significantly higher anti-PRRSV antibody titers, a greater number of interferon-γ-secreting cells, and a greater reduction in lung lesion scores compared to pigs vaccinated with the commercial PRRS subunit vaccine. Therefore, the commercial PRRS subunit and prototype PRRS II subunit vaccines are efficacious against HP-PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Tien DUY
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Nonglam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hanjin KIM
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon JEONG
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan PARK
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon YANG
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan OH
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seeun KIM
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae KANG
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee CHAE
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Diseases Primarily Affecting the Reproductive System. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7150237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jeong J, Choi K, Kang I, Park C, Chae C. Evaluation of a 20year old porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) modified live vaccine (Ingelvac(®) PRRS MLV) against two recent type 2 PRRS virus isolates in South Korea. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:102-109. [PMID: 27527771 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) was first isolated in Korea in 1994. The commercial PRRS modified live vaccine (Ingelvac(®) PRRS MLV, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc., St. Joseph, Missouri, USA) based on type 2 PRRSV, was first licensed for use in 3- to 18-week-old pigs in Korea in 1996. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of this 20year old commercial PRRS modified live vaccine (MLV) against two recent PRRSV isolates. Two genetically distant type 2 PRRSV strains (SNUVR150004 for lineage 1 and SNUVR150324 for lineage 5), isolated in 2015, were used as challenge virus. Regardless of the challenge virus, vaccination of pigs effectively reduced the level of viremia, the lung lesions, and of the PRRSV antigen within the lung lesions. The induction of virus-specific interferon-γ secreting cells by the PRRS vaccine produced a protective immune response, leading to the reduction of PRRSV viremia. There were no significant differences in efficacy against the two recently isolated viruses by the PRRS MLV based on virological results, immunological responses, and pathological outcomes. This study demonstrates that the PRRS MLV used in this study is still effective against recently isolated heterologous type 2 PRRSV strains even after 20 years of use in over 35 million pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhyung Choi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Do DT, Park C, Choi K, Jeong J, Nguyen TT, Nguyen KD, Vo DT, Chae C. Comparison of two genetically distant type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live vaccines against Vietnamese highly pathogenic PRRSV. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:233-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cross-protection of a new type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live vaccine (Fostera PRRS) against heterologous type 1 PRRSV challenge in growing pigs. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:87-94. [PMID: 25769646 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the cross-protection of a new type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified live vaccine against heterologous type 1 PRRSV challenge in growing pigs. The mean rectal temperature and respiratory score was significantly (P<0.05) lower in vaccinated challenged pigs than in unvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV reduced the levels of type 1 PRRSV viremia after challenge with type 1 PRRSV. Vaccinated challenged pigs had significantly (P<0.05) higher frequency of interferon-γ secreting cells and lower levels of interleukin-10 compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccination of pigs with the type 2 PRRSV effectively reduced the macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion and the type 1 PRRSV antigens within lung lesions in vaccinated challenged pigs. This study demonstrates partial cross-protection of a new type 2 PRRSV modified live vaccine against heterologous type 1 PRRSV challenge in growing pigs.
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A new modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccine improves growth performance in pigs under field conditions. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1350-6. [PMID: 25056364 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00377-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The change in growth performance resulting from a new modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine was evaluated under field conditions for registration with the government as guided by the Republic of Korea's Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. Three farms were selected based on their history of PRRS-associated respiratory diseases. On each farm, a total of 45 3-week-old pigs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, (i) vaccinated (n = 25) or (ii) control (n = 20) animals. A new modified live PRRSV vaccine increased market weight by 1.26 kg/pig (104.71 kg versus 103.45 kg; P < 0.05) and decreased mortality by 17% (1.33% versus 18.33%; P < 0.05). Pathological examination indicated that vaccination effectively reduced microscopic lung lesions compared with control animals on the 3 farms. Thus, the new modified live PRRS vaccine improved growth performance and decreased mortality and lung lesions when evaluated under field conditions.
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Seo HW, Park C, Kang I, Choi K, Jeong J, Park SJ, Chae C. Genetic and antigenic characterization of a newly emerging porcine circovirus type 2b mutant first isolated in cases of vaccine failure in Korea. Arch Virol 2014; 159:3107-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Park C, Seo HW, Han K, Kang I, Chae C. Evaluation of the efficacy of a new modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Fostera PRRS) against heterologous PRRSV challenge. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:432-42. [PMID: 24970363 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate a new modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Fostera PRRS, Zoetis, Florham, NJ, USA) that was based on a virulent US PRRSV isolate (P129) attenuated using CD163-expressing cell lines. Sixty-four PRRSV-seronegative 3-week-old pigs were randomly divided into the following four groups: vaccinated challenged (group 1), vaccinated unchallenged (group 2), unvaccinated challenged (group 3), and unvaccinated unchallenged (group 4). The pigs in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with a 2.0 mL dose of modified live PRRSV vaccine at 21 days of age, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. At 56 days of age (0 days post-challenge), the pigs in groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3 mL of tissue culture fluid containing 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/mL of PRRSV (SNUVR090851 strain, fourth passage in MARC-145 cells). Vaccinated challenged pigs exhibited significantly lower (P<0.05) respiratory scores, viremia, macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion scores, and PRRSV-antigen with interstitial pneumonia than unvaccinated challenged pigs. The induction of PRRSV-specific IFN-γ-SCs by the new modified live PRRSV vaccine produced a protective immune response, leading to the reduction of PRRSV viremia. Although the new modified live PRRSV vaccine is not effective against heterologous PRRSV challenge, the new modified live PRRSV vaccine was able to reduce the levels of viremia and nasal shedding, and severity of PRRSV-induced lesions after challenging virus under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwi Won Seo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiwon Han
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Park SJ, Seo HW, Park C, Chae C. Interaction between single-dose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines on dually infected pigs. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:516-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Han K, Seo HW, Park C, Oh Y, Kang I, Chae C. Comparative pathogenesis of type 1 (European genotype) and type 2 (North American genotype) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected boar. Virol J 2013; 10:156. [PMID: 23687995 PMCID: PMC3663669 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) now has two main genotypes, genotype 1 (European) and genotype 2 (North American). There is a lack of data on the comparison of pathogenicity of the two genotypes in boars. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the amount of PRRSV present in semen over time and compare the viral distribution and microscopic lesions of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV-infected boars. Methods Twenty-four 8-month-old PRRSV-naïve Duroc boars were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups. The boars in groups 1 (n = 9) and 2 (n = 9) were intranasally inoculated with type 1 or type 2 PRRSV, respectively. The boars in groups 1 (n = 6) served as negative controls. Semen and blood samples were collected up to 35 days post-inoculation (dpi), and necropsies were performed on 14, 21, and 35 dpi. Results There were no significant differences in the genomic copy number of PRRSV, microscopic testicular lesion score, number of PRRSV-positive germ cells, or number of apoptotic cells between the type 1 and type 2 PRRSV-infected boars throughout the experiment. Histopathological changes were manifested by the desquamation of spermatocytes and the presence of multinucleated giant cells in seminiferous tubules of both type 1 and type 2 PRRSV-infected boars. The distribution of PRRSV-positive cells was focal; the virus was found in single germ cells or small clusters of germ cells, localized to the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and non-sperm cells in type 1 and type 2 PRRSV-infected boars. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that two genotypes of PRRSV do not have significantly different virulence toward the male reproductive system of pigs.
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Comparative effects of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a PCV2-PRRSV challenge model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:369-76. [PMID: 23302743 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00497-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccinations in an experimental PCV2-PRRSV challenge model, based on virological (viremia), immunological (neutralizing antibodies [NAs], gamma interferon-secreting cells [IFN-γ-SCs], and CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive cells), and pathological (lesions and antigens in lymph nodes and lungs) evaluations. A total of 72 pigs were randomly divided into 9 groups (8 pigs per group): 5 vaccinated and challenged groups, 3 nonvaccinated and challenged groups, and a negative-control group. Vaccination against PCV2 induced immunological responses (NAs and PCV2-specific IFN-γ-SCs) and reduced PCV2 viremia, PCV2-induced lesions, and PCV2 antigens in the dually infected pigs. However, vaccination against PCV2 did not affect the PRRSV immunological responses (NAs and PRRSV-specific IFN-γ-SCs), PRRSV viremia, PRRSV-induced lesions, or PRRSV antigens in the dually infected pigs. Vaccination against PRRSV did not induce immunological responses (PRRSV-specific IFN-γ-SCs) or reduce PRRSV viremia, PRRSV-induced lesions, or PRRSV antigens in the dually infected pigs. In addition, vaccination against PRRSV increased PCV2 viremia, PCV2-induced lesions, and PCV2 antigens in the dually infected pigs. In summary, vaccination against PCV2 reduced PCV2 viremia, PCV2-induced lesions, and PCV2 antigens in the dually infected pigs. However, vaccination against PRRSV increased PCV2 viremia, PCV2-induced lesions, and PCV2 antigens in the dually infected pigs. Therefore, the PCV2 vaccine decreased the potentiation of PCV2-induced lesions by PRRSV in dually infected pigs. In contrast, the PRRSV vaccine alone did not decrease the potentiation of PCV2-induced lesions by PRRSV in dually infected pigs.
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