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Thongmeesee K, Sri-In C, Kaewthamasorn M, Thanee S, Wattanaphansak S, Tiawsirisup S. Establishment of molecular diagnostics targeting the 23S ribosomal RNA gene for the detection of Mycoplasma suis infection in Thai domestic pigs. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106759. [PMID: 36403675 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma (M.) suis is a pathogenic hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. that causes acute hemolytic anemia or chronic infection in pigs. M. suis infection can be diagnosed using several methods, including molecular diagnosis such as conventional PCR (cPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). In these cases, the common target is the 16S rRNA gene; however, this genetic marker cannot distinguish hemoplasma at the species level owing to high sequence identity. Therefore, the 23S rRNA gene has emerged as another target gene. Other than PCR, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method can be applied for M. suis. The objective of the present study was to establish cPCR, TaqMan qPCR, and LAMP assays in which the 23S rRNA gene is used to detect M. suis infection in Thai domestic pigs. The analytical sensitivity of cPCR was determined as 7.46 × 104 copies/μl of plasmid DNA, whereas those of qPCR and LAMP were 7.46 × 102 copies/μl. There was no cross reaction with other pathogens in any of the assays. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the assays, they were tested using 173 samples of genomic DNA. The detection percentage of M. suis infection was 24.86% (43/173; 95% CI: 18.61%-31.89%), 28.32% (49/173; 95% CI: 21.75%-35.66%), and 29.48% (51/173; 95% CI: 22.80%-36.88%) using cPCR, qPCR, and LAMP, respectively. Using qPCR as a reference assay, cPCR showed 81.63% sensitivity, 97.58% specificity, and an almost perfect level of agreement (kappa = 0.823). In comparison, LAMP showed 77.55% sensitivity, 89.52% specificity, and a substantial level of agreement (kappa = 0.662). All assays tested here could be applied in veterinary diagnostic laboratories for monitoring porcine health in the herds. Furthermore, the LAMP assay could be used as a screening test in farm practice without the need for any special equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsada Thongmeesee
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chalida Sri-In
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchansa Thanee
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suphot Wattanaphansak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Tiawsirisup
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Barbosa MS, Alves RPDS, Rezende IDS, Pereira SS, Campos GB, Freitas LM, Chopra-Dewasthaly R, Ferreira LCDS, Guimarães AMDS, Marques LM, Timenetsky J. Novel antigenic proteins of Mycoplasma agalactiae as potential vaccine and serodiagnostic candidates. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108866. [PMID: 33099078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Contagious agalactia (CA) is a serious disease notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) causing severe economic losses to sheep and goat producers worldwide. Mycoplasma agalactiae, considered as its main etiological agent, inflicts a variety of symptoms in infected animals, including keratoconjunctivitis, mastitis, arthritis, ankylosis, abortions, stillbirths and granular vulvovaginitis. Despite its significance, developing a successful vaccine remains elusive, mostly due to the lack of knowledge about M. agalactiae's pathogenicity factors and pathogenic mechanisms, including its "core" antigens. The aim of this study was to identify, characterize and express antigenic proteins of M. agalactiae as potential vaccine candidates. Predicted proteins of type strain PG2 were analyzed using bioinformatic algorithms to assess their cellular localization and to identify their linear and conformational epitopes for B cells. Out of a total of 156 predicted membrane proteins, three were shortlisted as potential antigenic surface proteins, namely [MAG_1560 (WP_011949336.1), MAG_6130 (WP_011949770.1) and P40 (WP_011949418.1)]. These proteins were expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli strains. Purified proteins were evaluated for their antigenicity using Western blot and ELISA using sera of M. agalactiae-naturally infected and non-infected sheep and goats. All 3 proteins were specifically recognized by the tested sera of M. agalactiae-infected animals. Also, specific rabbit antisera raised against each of these 3 proteins confirm their membrane localization using TritonX-114 phase partioning, Western and colony immunoblotting. In conclusion, our study successfully identified P40 (as proof of concept and validation) and two novel antigenic M. agalactiae proteins as potential candidates for developing effective CA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Santos Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Prince Dos Santos Alves
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izadora de Souza Rezende
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, St. Rio de Contas, 58, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Leandro Martins Freitas
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, St. Rio de Contas, 58, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Rohini Chopra-Dewasthaly
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marcia de Sá Guimarães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, St. Rio de Contas, 58, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Brissonnier M, Normand V, Lebret A, Moalic PY, Guyomard AS, Bachy V, Berton P, Auvigne V, Bouchet F, Boulbria G. Frequency of infection with Mycoplasma suis in gestating sows using qPCR on ten commercial French herds, and impact of the infection on clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters. Porcine Health Manag 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32626596 PMCID: PMC7329402 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Brissonnier
- Porc.Spective Swine Vet Practice - ZA de Gohélève, rue Joseph et Etienne Montgolfier, 56920 Noyal Pontivy, France
| | - Valérie Normand
- Porc.Spective Swine Vet Practice - ZA de Gohélève, rue Joseph et Etienne Montgolfier, 56920 Noyal Pontivy, France
| | - Arnaud Lebret
- Porc.Spective Swine Vet Practice - ZA de Gohélève, rue Joseph et Etienne Montgolfier, 56920 Noyal Pontivy, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Moalic
- Labofarm Finalab Veterinary Laboratory Group, 4 rue Théodore Botrel, 22600 Loudéac, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Guyomard
- Labofarm Finalab Veterinary Laboratory Group, 4 rue Théodore Botrel, 22600 Loudéac, France
| | - Véronique Bachy
- Orbio Finalab Veterinary Group, 12 rue du 35ème regiment d'aviation, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Pauline Berton
- Porc.Spective Swine Vet Practice - ZA de Gohélève, rue Joseph et Etienne Montgolfier, 56920 Noyal Pontivy, France
| | | | - Franck Bouchet
- Porc.Spective Swine Vet Practice - ZA de Gohélève, rue Joseph et Etienne Montgolfier, 56920 Noyal Pontivy, France
| | - Gwenaël Boulbria
- Porc.Spective Swine Vet Practice - ZA de Gohélève, rue Joseph et Etienne Montgolfier, 56920 Noyal Pontivy, France
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4
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Qiu G, Rui Y, Yi B, Liu T, Hao Z, Li X, Zhang L, Huang S, Li K, Han Z. Identification and Genomic Analysis of a Pathogenic Strain of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (TB1) Isolated from Tibetan Pigs. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:922-932. [PMID: 31329463 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the species and strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated from Tibetan pigs (Mh TB1) at the genetic level for understanding the basis of its pathogenicity. Mh TB1 was isolated from the consolidated lungs of Tibetan pigs by liquid culture and agar plate colony method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S recombinant DNA (rDNA) conservative sequence and a species-specific gene (P36) of Mh provided species confirmation. PCR products were imaged on gels and shotgun sequencing was performed. DNA sequences were compared for assessing genetic similarity between Mh TB1 and Mh reference strains in the GenBank database. The isolated strains were >98% similar to the Mh reference strains. Genomic analysis revealed significant sequence conservation between Mh TB1 and the reference strains; however, differential genes were more prevalent in Mh TB1 than in other reported strains. Therefore, we concluded that Mh is a major pathogen of Tibetan pigs that cause enzootic pneumonia. The Mh TB1 strain harbors more genes and specific virulence factors, consistent with its plateau-related adaptability to hypoxia and virulence. Differential gene analysis revealed gene variations in the inclement plateau environment, enriched gene pool, and plateau adaptability of the Mh TB1 strain, which will be important for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qiu
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yapei Rui
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Benchi Yi
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojing Hao
- Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, People's Republic of China
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5
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Kelly-Cirino C, Mazzola LT, Chua A, Oxenford CJ, Van Kerkhove MD. An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001105. [PMID: 30815285 PMCID: PMC6361340 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostics play a central role in the early detection and control of outbreaks and can enable a more nuanced understanding of the disease kinetics and risk factors for the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), one of the high-priority pathogens identified by the WHO. In this review we identified sources for molecular and serological diagnostic tests used in MERS-CoV detection, case management and outbreak investigations, as well as surveillance for humans and animals (camels), and summarised the performance of currently available tests, diagnostic needs, and associated challenges for diagnostic test development and implementation. A more detailed understanding of the kinetics of infection of MERS-CoV is needed in order to optimise the use of existing assays. Notably, MERS-CoV point-of-care tests are needed in order to optimise supportive care and to minimise transmission risk. However, for new test development, sourcing clinical material continues to be a major challenge to achieving assay validation. Harmonisation and standardisation of laboratory methods are essential for surveillance and for a rapid and effective international response to emerging diseases. Routine external quality assessment, along with well-characterised and up-to-date proficiency panels, would provide insight into MERS-CoV diagnostic performance worldwide. A defined set of Target Product Profiles for diagnostic technologies will be developed by WHO to address these gaps in MERS-CoV outbreak management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arlene Chua
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.,Medecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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do Nascimento NC, Guimaraes AMS, Dos Santos AP, Chu Y, Marques LM, Messick JB. RNA-Seq based transcriptome of whole blood from immunocompetent pigs (Sus scrofa) experimentally infected with Mycoplasma suis strain Illinois. Vet Res 2018; 49:49. [PMID: 29914581 PMCID: PMC6006945 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are popular animal models in biomedical research. RNA-Seq is becoming the predominant tool to investigate transcriptional changes of the pig’s response to infection. The high sensitivity of this tool requires a strict control of the study design beginning with the selection of healthy animals to provide accurate interpretation of research data. Pigs chronically infected with Mycoplasma suis often show no obvious clinical signs, however the infection may affect the validity of animal research. The goal of this study was to investigate whether or not this silent infection is also silent at the host transcriptional level. Therefore, immunocompetent pigs were experimentally infected with M. suis and transcriptional profiles of whole blood, generated by RNA-Seq, were analyzed and compared to non-infected animals. RNA-Seq showed 55 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the M. suis infected pigs. Down-regulation of genes related to innate immunity (tlr8, chemokines, chemokines receptors) and genes containing IFN gamma-activated sequence (gbp1, gbp2, il15, cxcl10, casp1, cd274) suggests a general suppression of the immune response in the infected animals. Sixteen (29.09%) of the DE genes were involved in two protein interaction networks: one involving chemokines, chemokine receptors and interleukin-15 and another involving the complement cascade. Genes related to vascular permeability, blood coagulation, and endothelium integrity were also DE in infected pigs. These findings suggest that M. suis subclinical infection causes significant alterations in blood mRNA levels, which could impact data interpretation of research using pigs. Screening of pigs for M. suis infection before initiating animal studies is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naíla C do Nascimento
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Ana M S Guimaraes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea P Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joanne B Messick
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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7
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Quantitative analysis of Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos" infections in cattle using novel gapN-based realtime PCR assays. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:1-6. [PMID: 29885793 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HMs) are associated with anemia and other disease complexes in a wide range of livestock and wild animals. Two bovine HM species have been identified to date, i.e. Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos'. The study aim was to develop quantitative real-time PCR assays (qPCRs) to detect and quantify M. wenyonii and 'C. M. haemobos' and to apply these assays to DNA samples extracted from bovine blood collected in Germany (n = 220) from 22 herds. The qPCR assays specific for M. wenyonii and 'C. M. haemobos' were designed using the gapN of the respective hemoplasma species as gene target which encodes the NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPN). The sensitivity of both assays was 10 genome equivalents per reaction, corresponding to 2500 genome equivalents per ml blood. No cross-reactivity with non-target bovine HMs. and other bovine pathogens was observed. Bovine HM DNA was detected in 137 samples (62.27%) with 118 samples (53.64%) being positive for 'C.M. haemobos' and 19 samples (8.64%) being positive for M. wenyonii. Thereof, 11 animals (5.00%) were co-infected with both bovine HM species. The found herd prevalence for `C. M. haemobos` was 100.00%, and for M. wenyonii 36.36% with mean bacterial loads of 3.7 × 107 `C. M. haemobos`/mL blood and of 4.29 × 105M. wenyonii/mL blood respectively. Clinical and economic relevance of bovine HM species should be goal of future studies for which the novel gapN qPCR assays can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool.
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8
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Plasmodium glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: A potential malaria diagnostic target. Exp Parasitol 2017; 179:7-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Qiu G, Rui Y, Li K, Huang S, Han Z, Wang X, Jiang W, Luo H, Lan Y, Li J. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from Tibetan pigs in western China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1545-1551. [PMID: 28741040 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic pneumonia (EP), often caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, occurs in Tibetan pigs between October and December in Western China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae in Tibetan pig herds and also the prevalence of infection. M. hyopneumoniae was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 16S rRNA sequencing. Twenty-nine inflammatory gross-lesions were observed in 155 lungs of slaughtered pigs. Invasion of focal lymphocytes was confirmed by paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin-eosin staining of lung sections. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from slaughtered Tibetan pigs and nasal swabs from others were assayed using PCR. The prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae in Tibetan pig herds (via ELISA) was 20.48% (93/454) in 3 provinces (Sichuan, Tibet autonomous region, and Qinghai) between October and December of 2014. The difference in prevalence among animals in six different growing stages was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anti-M. hyopneumoniae antibody was detected in breeding sows (45.83%; 22/48) and piglets (50%; 3/6). PCR and gel electrophoresis of BALF showed that 6.45% (10/155) of pigs were positive for M. hyopneumoniae. The presence of M. hyopneumoniae in serum was higher in piglets and breeding sows than in any other group. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that M. hyopneumoniae is prevalent among Tibetan pigs between October and December in Western China. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first investigation of M. hyopneumoniae prevalence in Tibetan pigs of Western China using serological tests, PCR, and 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yapei Rui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wenteng Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Houqiang Luo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanfang Lan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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10
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Hoelzle LE, Zeder M, Felder KM, Hoelzle K. Pathobiology of Mycoplasma suis. Vet J 2014; 202:20-5. [PMID: 25128978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma suis is an uncultivable bacterium lacking a cell wall that attaches to and may invade the red blood cells of pigs. M. suis infections occur worldwide and cause the pig industry serious economic losses due to the disease known as infectious anaemia of pigs or, historically, porcine eperythrozoonosis. Infectious anaemia of pigs is characterised predominantly by acute haemolytic or chronic anaemia, along with non-specific manifestations, such as growth retardation in feeder pigs and poor reproductive performance in sows. The fastidious nature of M. suis, as well as the lack of an in vitro cultivation system, has hampered the understanding of the biology and pathogenicity of this organism. Pathogenetic mechanisms of M. suis include direct destruction of red blood cells by adhesion, invasion, nutrient scavenging, immune-mediated lysis and eryptosis, as well as endothelial targeting. Recently published genome sequences, in combination with proteome analyses, have generated new insights into the pathogenicity of M. suis. The present review combines these data with the knowledge provided by experimental M. suis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig E Hoelzle
- Institute of Environmental and Animal Hygiene (with Animal Clinic), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | | | - Katharina Hoelzle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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