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Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from peacocks associated with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 90:104766. [PMID: 33581328 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In September 2019, a highly prevalent infectious disease caused severe hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in a peacock farm in Central China. The disease showed high mortality of 78.6% in 28-42 day-old peacocks. In this study, one strain of highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) was isolated from peacocks and designated as HN19. Molecular characterization of amino acid revealed that HN19 contains the same deletions as the dominate strains in chickens in China recently. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that HN19 showed higher homology with other FAdV-4 strains isolated from China, indicating that HN19 might originate from previously FAdV-4 predecessor in China. Experimental infection of the HN19 strain via intramuscular injection led to 100% mortality rate in 21-day-old specific pathogenic-free (SPF) chickens. To our knowledge, this represents the first report on the prevalence of FAdV-4 in peacocks. These results suggested that the potential risk of cross-species transmission of FAdV-4 from chickens to peacocks, highlighting the need for implementing strict biosecurity measures to avoid the mixing of different bird species.
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Isolation and Characterization of A Novel Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 8a Strain from China. Virol Sin 2019; 35:517-527. [PMID: 31792739 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2012, the clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis showed an increasing trend in China, causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, a fowl adenovirus strain CH/GDLZ/201801 was isolated from a chicken flock experiencing inclusion body hepatitis and analyzed by complete genome sequencing. The pathogenicity of the new virus strain was examined by experimental infection of specific pathogen free chickens. The isolate was identified by immunofluorescence and the virions presented typical icosahedral particles under transmission electron microscopy. The full genome of the isolate was 44,329 nucleotides in length with 58% G+C content. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the whole genome, revealed that the new isolate was closest to serotype 8a from the species Fowl aviadenovirus E (FAdV-E). Recombination analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the new isolate is a recombinant strain between FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b. In infection experiments, three infected chickens showed clinical signs and one chicken died on day 7 post infection, corresponding to 5% mortality. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the liver were observed, and viral antigen could be detected in the livers by immunohistochemical staining and TEM. Taken together, our study describes the genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of a FAdV-8a strain in China. It would lay a solid foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism and vaccine development of the virus.
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Blakey J, Crispo M, Bickford A, Stoute S. Liposarcoma in a Backyard Silkie and Retrospective Summary of Neoplasms Diagnosed in Backyard Chickens Submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 2008-2017. Avian Dis 2019; 62:124-129. [PMID: 29620466 DOI: 10.1637/11782-121217-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcomas are a malignant neoplasm of adipocytes, and are rarely diagnosed in avian species. This case report describes the evidence supporting a diagnosis of metastatic liposarcoma in a backyard silkie chicken. On September 28, 2017, a dead 3-yr-old backyard silkie chicken, with a history of unknown skin lesions involving the entire body and severe weight loss, was submitted to California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-Turlock branch for necropsy. At necropsy, raised necrotic lesions involving the majority of the skin and multiple nodules in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow were noticed. Microscopically, stellate, spindle, and myxoid cells containing large vacuoles, which were confirmed as lipid droplets by Oil Red O, were observed infiltrating the dermis and underlying a necrotic epidermis, with metastasis to liver, spleen, bone marrow, and ovary being the most significant findings. PAS, Oil Red O, Ziehl-Neelsen, Congo red, Gram, and Von Kossa stains, along with immunohistochemistry for pan cytokeratin, vimentin, S100, CD3, pp38, and Meq were used to classify the lesions. Intensely positive vimentin immunohistochemistry, along with large quantities of Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets within the neoplastic cells, were supportive of our diagnosis of liposarcoma. The incidence of neoplastic diseases diagnosed in backyard flock submissions to CAHFS system wide from 2008 to 2017 was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blakey
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Manuela Crispo
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Arthur Bickford
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
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Ren G, Wang H, Yan Y, Liu F, Huang M, Chen R. Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from chickens associated with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome in China. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2765-2771. [PMID: 30815694 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis and causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry in China. In this study, a strain of fowl adenoviruses (FAdV-4) (GX-1) was isolated from liver samples of diseased chickens with HHS. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome gene revealed that GX-1 clustered with the C-type fowl adenovirus and was serotyped as FAdV-4. Pathogenicity testing showed that the GX-1 strain caused 100% mortality in 10-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens at a dose of 104 tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) within 3 d post-infection. A viral dose of 103 TCID50 resulted in a 16% survival rate before day 9 and at 102 TCID50 an 80% rate before day 6. At necropsy, livers from infected chickens were swollen and yellow brown with necrotic foci. The hearts were flabby with amber-colored and jelly-like fluid in the pericardial sacs. The kidneys were swollen and congested. Histologically eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion body could be seen in the hepatic cell. The result of histopathological examination also revealed that heart muscle fibers were fractured with extensive congestion and hemorrhaging. Other tissues like kidney, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were observed degeneration and necrosis. Virus-specific antibodies appeared in serum beginning at day 14 and reached statistically significant levels at 21, 28, 35, and 42 dpi (P < 0.001). In conclusion, we identified a highly virulent FAdV-4 virus as causative agent of the HHS outbreak reported here. The FAdV-4 GX-1 strain will be valuable for vaccine evaluation and development to prevent and reduce the spread of HHS in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing 526238, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Miaorong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing 526238, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Manufacture for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing 526238, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Chen G, Cai Y, Su Y, Gao B, Wu H, Cheng J. Effects of Spirulina algae as a feed supplement on nutritional value and flavour components of silkie hens eggs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1408-1417. [PMID: 31131937 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Silkie chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus brisson) is also named Chinese Taihe chicken, characterized by blue comb, green earlobes, black skin, meat and bones. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of spirulina feeding on the nutritive value and flavour of silkie hens eggs. METHODS A total of 280 Silkie hens of 42 weeks old were fed 4 different diets, including basal diet and basal diet containing 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% spirulina. Each diet group was divided into 70 Silkie hens experimentally. The production performance of silkie hens, the nutritional compositions [e.g., amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids] and flavour substances of silkie hens eggs were compared with control. RESULTS A 0.3% and 0.5% spirulina feeding significantly increased the average egg production rate and average egg weight, while only 0.3% spirulina feeding decreased both the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of silkie hens compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The contents of crude protein, fat, cholesterol and Ca in silkie hens eggs were significantly increased by 0.3% spirulina feeding (p < 0.05). Only fat and cholesterol were significantly increased by 0.5% spirulina but had no significant difference compared with 0.3% spirulina. The flavour, amino acids/total AAs, and saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids in silkie hens eggs were significantly increased by 0.3% spirulina feeding than other groups (p < 0.05). A total of 46 volatile substances were identified in silkie hens eggs, and the substances of total acids, alkanes and aldehydes were significantly increased by 0.3% spirulina feeding. CONCLUSION Spirulina feeding at a proportion of 0.3% improved the production performance of silkie hens, and nutritive value and flavour of silkie hens eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bolan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyou Cheng
- Gaotai Liuhe Ecological Breeding Co., Ltd., Zhangye, China
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What Is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2018; 32:252-257. [PMID: 30204022 DOI: 10.1647/2017-283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Niu Y, Sun Q, Zhu M, Zhao J, Zhang G, Liu X, Xiao Y, Liu S. Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of fowl adenoviruses caused hydropericardium outbreak in China during 2015. Poult Sci 2018; 97:803-811. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Niu YJ, Sun W, Zhang GH, Qu YJ, Wang PF, Sun HL, Xiao YH, Liu SD. Hydropericardium syndrome outbreak caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in China in 2015. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2684-2690. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-juan Niu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Gui-hua Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Ya-jin Qu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Peng-fei Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Hong-lei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi-hong Xiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
| | - Si-dang Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, PR China
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Zhuang X, Zou H, Shi H, Shao H, Ye J, Miao J, Wu G, Qin A. Outbreak of Marek's disease in a vaccinated broiler breeding flock during its peak egg-laying period in China. BMC Vet Res 2015. [PMID: 26202662 PMCID: PMC4511970 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outbreaks of Marek’s disease (MD), caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV), primarily occur in 10–12-week-old hens. Case presentation We report a case of MD in a breeding flock of 24–30-week-old vaccinated broilers in China. The clinical signs in the affected chickens appeared at 24 weeks, and the incidence of tumours peaked at 30 weeks. The morbidity and mortality of the hens were 5 % and 80 %, respectively. Hematoxylin–eosin staining of the tissues showed the typical characteristics of MD. MDV infection was confirmed in the hens with an agar gel diffusion precipitation assay for the MD antigen in the feather follicle epithelium. An MDV strain, designated AH1410, was isolated from the blood lymphocytes. Sequence analyses of the pp38, meq, and gB genes revealed that strain AH1410 had molecular features consistent with a virulent, previously identified MDV. Conclusion Our data provide evidence that not only is MDV becoming more virulent, but that the period of its onset in chickens is expanding. These findings provide the basis the molecular surveillance and further study of virulent MDV mutants and control strategies for MD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhuang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Haitao Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Huoying Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Ji Miao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Genghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, P.R. China.
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