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Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma in Two Free-Living Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). J Wildl Dis 2022; 58:685-688. [PMID: 35704499 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-21-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During necropsy of two manatees, masses in multiple organs including liver and spleen were identified. They were composed of neoplastic round to spindle-shaped cells, positive for vimentin, Iba-1, lysozyme, and Mac387, consistent with histiocytic sarcoma. One manatee also had an undifferentiated sarcoma that may have arisen from the histiocytic sarcoma.
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2
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Reisfeld L, Fernandes NCCA, Sarmiento A, Canedo P, Salvagni F, Ewbank AC, Zecchini Barrese T, Cilento Ponce C, Albergaria Ressio R, Catão-Dias JL, Sacristán C. Myeloid and histiocytic sarcomas in subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis, Brazil. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 148:13-18. [PMID: 35142294 DOI: 10.3354/dao03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used to diagnose round cell tumors in 2 subantarctic fur seals Arctocephalus tropicalis with marked anemia. Although wild-born, both individuals were placed under human care while juveniles in a Brazilian aquarium. Both pinnipeds were PCR tested for herpesvirus, and 1 was infected with otariid gammaherpesvirus 5 (OtHV-5), previously described in a subantarctic fur seal stranded in Brazil. Although some gammaherpesviruses can cause sarcomas and other neoplasms, it was not possible to definitively associate OtHV-5 with the neoplasm. To our knowledge, these are the first neoplasm records in subantarctic fur seals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reisfeld
- Aquário de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Huet Bacelar 407, 04275-000 SP, Brazil
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3
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Enomoto K, Tsutsumitani C, Asakawa MG. Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of histiocytic sarcoma in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:302-308. [PMID: 34587369 PMCID: PMC8788969 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9‐year‐old intact female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was presented to a referring veterinarian due to small, multiple cervical nodules that had been rapidly increasing in size and number. Cytology of the nodules revealed sheets of pleomorphic round cells that were morphologically most compatible with histiocytic sarcoma. Histologically, the nodules were fairly demarcated, partially infiltrative, densely cellular neoplasm, and was composed of pleomorphic large round cells arranged in sheets. Special stains for bacteria (Gram stain and Ziehl–Neelsen stain) and fungi (periodic acid‐Schiff stain) were all negative. On immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells showed strong cytoplasmic positivity for Iba‐1 and CD204, but were negative for CD3 and CD20. Transmission electron microscopy failed to detect Birbeck's granules in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic histiocytes. The chinchilla received chemotherapy with lomustine but died spontaneously on day 62 despite treatment. Autopsy with histopathologic examination revealed disseminated histiocytic sarcoma involving the bone marrow, bronchial lymph nodes, nasal cavity, lung, heart, stomach, pancreas, pancreatic lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and kidney. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in chinchillas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Midori Goto Asakawa
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Son NV, Chambers JK, Nam NH, Nakata M, Giang NTH, Shiga T, Miwa Y, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Pathological and Immunohistochemical Findings of Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma in a Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps). J Comp Pathol 2021; 187:83-88. [PMID: 34503659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old intact female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) had a swelling at the pouch region and died 8 days after presentation. At necropsy, the urinary bladder and abdominal lymph nodes were enlarged and a mass was located in the pericloacal region. Tumour infiltration was also observed in the medial iliac lymph nodes, liver, spleen, small intestine, uterus and left ovary. Histopathologically, the tumours were composed of pleomorphic histiocytes that had round or bizarre nuclei and abundant pale eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and human leukocyte antigen and negative for CD3, B lymphocyte antigen 36 and cytokeratin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed a diagnosis of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. This neoplasm has not been previously reported in a sugar glider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen V Son
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nguyen H Nam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Makoto Nakata
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Vision Vets Group Lab, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen T H Giang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Yasutsugu Miwa
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Vision Vets Group Lab, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Vision Vets Group Lab, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Makishima R, Kondo H, Shibuya H. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies of histiocytic sarcoma in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): A retrospective study. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:419-426. [PMID: 33390364 PMCID: PMC8025424 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma was investigated histopathologically and immunohistochemically in 17 four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), along
with a review of their clinical data. Cases were histopathologically classified into two types: round-polygonal cell type (6 cases) and spindle cell type (11
cases). Round-polygonal cell type was found in visceral organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and more, and most cases of this type were consistent with
disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. On the other hand, spindle cell type occurred mainly in skin, and almost all cases were consistent with localized histiocytic
sarcoma. The prognosis of patients with round-polygonal cell type appeared worse than that of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of
spindle cell type showed stronger reactivity against human leukocyte antigen-DR than round-polygonal cell type. Neoplastic cells of all cases showed strong
reactivity against ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) and various reactivities against cluster of differentiation (CD) 204. Regardless of
morphological classification, most tumor cells were negative for CD163, suggesting that this marker is less effective for the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma.
The results of this study suggest that Iba-1 is the most effective marker for histiocytic sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Makishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shibuya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0813, Japan
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Boonsri K, Dechkajorn S, Photichai K, Srivorakul S, Boonsriroj H, Thongtharb A, Pringproa K. Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:108-111. [PMID: 33229793 PMCID: PMC7870405 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This case study had focused on a male, 7-year-old Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) with a history of biting its tail and the
development of skin masses around its inguinal area, prior to its death. Macroscopically, multiple firm white nodular masses of 0.5–5 cm in diameter were found
in the subcutis of the inguinal area, and in the lungs, spleen and liver. Microscopically, masses in the skin, lungs and spleen were composed of neoplastic
spindle cells admixed with mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells. The neoplastic cells were arranged in a sheet pattern. Immunohistochemically, the
neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, Iba-1, CD 204 and Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, while the cells were negative for
cytokeratin and smooth muscle actin. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical results, disseminated histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittikorn Boonsri
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | | | - Kornravee Photichai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Saralee Srivorakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Hassadin Boonsriroj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakon University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.,Small Animal Hospital, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Chiang Mai University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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7
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Belluco S, Sammarco A, Sapin P, Lurier T, Marchal T. FOXP3, CD208, and CD206 Expression in Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:599-607. [PMID: 32783525 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820941818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) is a noninfectious tumor that spontaneously regresses. It is suggested that this regression is due to tumor cell maturation, which is responsible for CD8 lymphocyte activation and tumor cell destruction. Nevertheless, the possible role of the immune microenvironment in tumor regression has not been investigated to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CD208 and FoxP3 as markers of dendritic cells and regulatory T lymphocytes, respectively, and tumor cell expression of CD206 as a marker of Langerhans cell activation, and relate these parameters to the different phases of CCH and to intratumoral T cell infiltration. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 31 CCH were evaluated. In each case, the mitotic count and regression phase were recorded. Within the tumor, a quantitative evaluation of immunolabeled CD208+ cells, FoxP3+ cells, and CD3+ lymphocytes was performed, as well as the CD206+ tumor cell location. Intratumoral CD208+ cells correlated with CD3+ lymphocytic infiltration. The possible role of dendritic cells in tumor regression was not confirmed since CD208 seemed to be a nonspecific marker for canine dendritic cells. FoxP3+ lymphocyte density was not correlated with any parameter. Neoplastic Langerhans cells presented progressive CD206 expression, from the bottom of the tumor to the epidermis, which correlated with the tumor regression phase and with intratumoral T lymphocyte infiltration. In conclusion, we confirmed a CD206 phenotype change in tumor cells in a spatial group-related pattern, supporting the hypothesis that tumoral Langerhans cells acquire a mature phenotype with tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Belluco
- Université de Lyon, 88622VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Pierrick Sapin
- Université de Lyon, 88622VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thibaut Lurier
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, 88622VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Usc 1233 UR RS2GP, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 88622VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Thierry Marchal
- Université de Lyon, 88622VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Son NV, Chambers JK, Dung LT, Kishimoto TE, Nishimura M, Kita C, Takada Y, Miwa Y, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Histological and Immunohistochemical Features of Normal Histiocytes and Langerhans Cells, and Histiocytic Sarcomas in Four-Toed Hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). J Comp Pathol 2020; 178:32-40. [PMID: 32800106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a haematopoietic tumour of histiocyte origin that has been sporadically reported in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). The present study aimed to investigate clinical, gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of HS in eight hedgehogs. Histological and immunohistochemical features of normal histiocytes and Langerhans cells (LCs) of hedgehogs were also investigated. HLA-DR-, Iba-1- and E-cadherin-positive LCs were observed in the epidermis, while Iba-1- and CD204-positive histiocytes were detected in the lymph nodes and spleen of normal hedgehogs. Localized HS (six cases) developed in the skin and spleen, while disseminated HS (two cases) occurred in the intestine. Tumour cells of disseminated HS were also distributed within the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, kidney, spleen, lung and adrenal glands. Tumour cells of both localized and disseminated HS were composed of histiocytic cells, spindle to pleomorphic cells, multinucleated giant cells and erythrophagocytic cells. Most tumour cells were immunopositive for Iba-1, CD204 and lysozyme. A small number of tumour cells were positive for E-cadherin and CD208, and the tumour cells in one case were positive for HLA-DR. These results suggest that the tumour cells have variable features of histiocyte origin, including dendritic cells, LCs and macrophages. The behaviour of HS in the hedgehog was very aggressive, and 50% of cases died within 90 days of resection. The present study also highlighted the tendency for local tumour recurrence in localized cutaneous HS cases, suggesting a requirement for a long-term follow-up after excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Son
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - J K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - L T Dung
- Division of Infectious Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T E Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nishimura
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Kita
- Shikoku Cytopathological Laboratory, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Y Takada
- Ashil Animal Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Y Miwa
- Miwa Exotic Animal Hospital, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Neoplasia is a common cause of disease in domestic ferrets worldwide. The most common neoplasms are islet cell tumors (insulinoma), adrenocortical neoplasms, and lymphoma. The definitive etiology has yet to be defined, but husbandry, genetic predisposition and infectious agents are postulated causes. Definitive diagnosis requires sampling and microscopic analysis of the neoplasm, but initial testing including blood, urine and diagnostic imaging can aid the diagnostic process. Based on the type of tumor and its location, therapeutic options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Numerous chemotherapeutic protocols and drugs have been published for the use in ferrets and a ferret specific formula for calculating body surface area has been established. In addition to the more commonly affected endocrine and hemolymphatic systems, ferrets can also develop tumors in the skin and subcutis, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts, musculoskeletal, nervous, urinary, respiratory and vascular systems.
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10
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Machida Y, Michishita M, Yoshimura H, Kato T, Hayama SI, Takahashi K. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the musk gland and systemic T-cell lymphoma in a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:975-979. [PMID: 31092741 PMCID: PMC6656805 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old male masked palm civet died after 2 months of continuous abdominal distention and poor appetite. Grossly, both musk glands were markedly swelled. Microscopically, round,
polygonal and spindle neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely in the right musk gland and a metastatic focus was observed in the lung. The neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasm with
faintly eosinophilic inclusions that ultrastructurally corresponded to whorl aggregates of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratins
and glial fibrillary acidic protein and negative for desmin. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as malignant rhabdoid tumor. Papillary adenoma was seen in the opposite musk
gland. T-cell lymphoma of the lymph nodes, small intestine and liver was considered as the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Ishimori M, Michishita M, Yoshimura H, Azakami D, Ochiai K, Ishiwata T, Takahashi K. Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma with hemophagocytosis in a rabbit. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1503-1506. [PMID: 28740033 PMCID: PMC5627319 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old female domestic rabbit suffered from labored respiration, poor appetite, mild anemia and thrombocytopenia. Radioscopic examination revealed masses in multiple locations including the intrapleural cavity and spleen. Forty-three days after the first visit to a private veterinary clinic, the rabbit died of severe respiratory distress. Microscopically, all of the masses were composed of round to polygonal neoplastic cells with distinct cell borders that were arranged in a sheet pattern. Multinucleated giant neoplastic cells were often observed. Some neoplastic cells had phagocytozed one or more erythrocytes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, CD204, Iba-1 and lysozyme, but not CD163. Based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, this case was diagnosed as disseminated histiocytic sarcoma with hemophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Ishimori
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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