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Azaldegui I, Fiorentino MA, Morrell E, Odriozola E, García JA, Cantón G. Salmonellosis in adult cattle in Central Argentina: case series. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01419-6. [PMID: 38888694 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Salmonella genus. Bovine salmonellosis is more frequent in young cattle under intensive overcrowd husbandry conditions, and therefore uncommon in adults. We report four outbreaks of clinical salmonellosis due to Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Dublin provoking outbreaks of diarrheic/septicemic disease in adult cattle of Central Argentina. Anamnesis information, clinical, pathological, and bacteriological findings were retrospective analyzed. This report emphasizes the importance to include salmonellosis among the differential diagnosis of clinical enteric/septicemic disease in adult cattle under different husbandry conditions in Argentina. The source of Salmonella could not be established in these outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Azaldegui
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (CONICET-INTA Balcarce), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - María Andrea Fiorentino
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (CONICET-INTA Balcarce), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Morrell
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (CONICET-INTA Balcarce), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Odriozola
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (CONICET-INTA Balcarce), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - Juan Agustín García
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (CONICET-INTA Balcarce), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina
| | - Germán Cantón
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS) (CONICET-INTA Balcarce), RN 226 km. 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Argentina.
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Robi DT, Mossie T, Temteme S. A Comprehensive Review of the Common Bacterial Infections in Dairy Calves and Advanced Strategies for Health Management. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:1-14. [PMID: 38288284 PMCID: PMC10822132 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s452925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Dairy farming faces a significant challenge of bacterial infections in dairy calves, which can have detrimental effects on their health and productivity. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent bacterial infections in dairy calves, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dublin, Salmonella enterica, Clostridium perfringens, Pasteurella multocida, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma bovis, and Haemophilus somnus. These pathogens can cause various clinical signs and symptoms, leading to diarrhea, respiratory distress, septicemia, and even mortality. Factors such as management practices, environmental conditions, and herd health influence the incidence and severity of the infections. Efficient management and prevention strategies include good colostrum and nutrient feeding, early detection, appropriate treatment, hygiene practices, and supportive care. Regular health monitoring and diagnostic tests facilitate early detection and intervention. The use of antibiotics should be judicious to prevent antimicrobial resistance and supportive care such as fluid therapy and nutritional support promotes recovery. Diagnostic methods, including immunological tests, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology, aid in the identification of specific pathogens. This review also explores recent advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bacterial infections in dairy calves, providing valuable insights for dairy farmers, veterinarians, and researchers. By synthesizing pertinent scientific literature, this review contributes to the development of effective strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of bacterial infections on the health, welfare, and productivity of young calves. Moreover, more research is required to enhance the understanding of the epidemiology and characterization of bacterial infections in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tulu Robi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Mossie
- Ethiopian Institute of Agriculture Research, Jimma Agriculture Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Temteme
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, Tepi, Ethiopia
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3
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Casaux ML, Neto WS, Schild CO, Costa RA, Macías-Rioseco M, Caffarena RD, Silveira CS, Aráoz V, Díaz BD, Giannitti F, Fraga M. Epidemiological and clinicopathological findings in 15 fatal outbreaks of salmonellosis in dairy calves and virulence genes in the causative Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Dublin strains. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:475-490. [PMID: 36602750 PMCID: PMC9943839 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major food-borne pathogen that affects cattle-rearing systems worldwide. Little information is available on the epidemiology and pathology of salmonellosis and the virulence genes (VGs) carried by Salmonella in spontaneous outbreaks in cattle. We describe epidemiological findings in 15 fatal outbreaks of salmonellosis in Uruguayan dairy farms and the age, clinical signs, and pathology in 20 affected calves. We also describe the serotypes and frequencies of 17 VGs in the causative Salmonella strains and explore their associations with epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings. Salmonella Typhimurium and Dublin were identified in 11/15 and 4/15 outbreaks, respectively. The most frequent reason for consultation was digestive disease (8 outbreaks caused by S. Typhimurium), followed by sudden death (4 outbreaks, 3 caused by S. Dublin). Morbidity, mortality, and lethality ranged 4.8-100%, 3.8-78.9%, and 10-100%, without significant differences between serotypes. Diarrhea, the most common clinical sign (14 cases), was associated with the Typhimurium serotype (OR = 26.95), especially in ≤ 30-day-old calves with fibrinous enteritis as the main autopsy finding. The Dublin serotype affected ≥ 50-day-old calves and was associated with fibrinosuppurative splenitis (p = 0.01) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (OR = 48.95). The chances of the Dublin serotype increased significantly with age. There was low variability of VG across serotypes. The pefA gene was associated with the Typhimurium serotype (OR = 21.95), macroscopic enteritis (p = 0.03), and microscopic fibrinosuppurative splenitis (p = 0.04). Understanding the epidemiology, pathology, and virulence of S. enterica at the farm level is key to delineating prevention and control strategies to mitigate its impact on animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - W Santiago Neto
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - C O Schild
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - R A Costa
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - M Macías-Rioseco
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
- California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS) Laboratory, Tulare Branch, University of California at Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - R D Caffarena
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
- Unidad Académica Salud de los Rumiantes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C S Silveira
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - V Aráoz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - B Doncel Díaz
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Giannitti
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay
| | - M Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, El Semillero, Uruguay.
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De Sousa Violante M, Podeur G, Michel V, Guillier L, Radomski N, Lailler R, Le Hello S, Weill FX, Mistou MY, Mallet L. A retrospective and regional approach assessing the genomic diversity of Salmonella Dublin. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac047. [PMID: 35821882 PMCID: PMC9270687 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
From a historically rare serotype, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Dublin slowly became one of the most prevalent Salmonella in cattle and raw milk cheese in some regions of France. We present a retrospective genomic analysis of 480 S. Dublin isolates to address the context, evolutionary dynamics, local diversity and the genesis processes of regional S. Dublin outbreaks events between 2015 and 2017. Samples were clustered and assessed for correlation against metadata including isolation date, isolation matrices, geographical origin and epidemiological hypotheses. Significant findings can be drawn from this work. We found that the geographical distance was a major factor explaining genetic groups in the early stages of the cheese production processes (animals, farms) while down-the-line transformation steps were more likely to host genomic diversity. This supports the hypothesis of a generalised local persistence of strains from animal to finished products, with occasional migration. We also observed that the bacterial surveillance is representative of diversity, while targeted investigations without genomics evidence often included unrelated isolates. Combining both approaches in phylogeography methods allows a better representation of the dynamics, of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine De Sousa Violante
- Actalia, 419 route des champs laitiers , CS 50030, 74801 La Roche sur Foron, France
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay , F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gaëtan Podeur
- Actalia, 419 route des champs laitiers , CS 50030, 74801 La Roche sur Foron, France
| | - Valérie Michel
- Actalia, 419 route des champs laitiers , CS 50030, 74801 La Roche sur Foron, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- ANSES, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie , 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) , via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy
| | - Renaud Lailler
- ANSES, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie , 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Simon Le Hello
- UNICAEN, Groupe de Recherche sur l’Adaptation Microbienne, GRAM 2.0, EA2656, University of Caen Normandy , Caen, France
| | - François-Xavier Weill
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella , Paris, France
| | | | - Ludovic Mallet
- Institut Claudius Regaud , 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Siepker CL, Schwartz KJ, Feldhacker TJ, Magstadt DR, Sahin O, Almeida M, Li G, Hayman KP, Gorden PJ. Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg abortions in dairy cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:864-869. [PMID: 35762117 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two separate late-term abortion outbreaks in Jersey heifers in July 2020 and December 2020 were investigated by the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. We evaluated 3 whole fetuses and 11 sets of fresh and formalin-fixed fetal tissues during the course of the outbreaks. The late-term abortions were first identified at a heifer development site and subsequently observed at the dairy farm. Aborted fetuses had moderate-to-marked postmortem autolysis with no gross lesions identified. Observed clinical signs in cows at the dairy farm ranged from intermittent loose stools to acute post-abortion pyrexia and reduced feed intake. Routine histopathology and reproductive bacterial culture revealed acute, suppurative placentitis with moderate-to-heavy growth of Salmonella spp. group B from stomach contents, liver, placenta, and heifer fecal contents. Serotyping identified Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Brandenburg in all 14 fresh tissue cases, as well as individual and pooled heifer feces. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to ST type 873 and possessed typhoid toxin genes, several fimbrial gene clusters, type III secretion system genes, and several pathogenicity islands. Abortions caused by Salmonella Brandenburg have not been reported previously in dairy cattle in the United States, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Siepker
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kent J Schwartz
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Drew R Magstadt
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Marcelo Almeida
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ganwu Li
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kristin P Hayman
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Patrick J Gorden
- Departments of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Diseases associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2b in beef and dairy cattle in Uruguay. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:357-368. [PMID: 31650465 PMCID: PMC7058746 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV, Pestivirus) causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Although serological surveys show that BVDV exposure is widespread in cattle in Uruguay, BVDV-associated diseases are greatly underreported. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and virological findings from spontaneous outbreaks of BVDV-associated diseases in cattle in Uruguay. Diagnostic investigations were performed during 6 spontaneous disease outbreaks on beef and dairy cattle farms in the departments of Colonia, Rio Negro, and Soriano between November 2016 and April 2018. Carcasses of 8 naturally deceased cattle from these outbreaks were necropsied and subjected to histological examination and immunohistochemistry to detect BVDV antigen in the tissues. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and genomic sequencing were also performed to identify BVDV at the species and subtype levels. Other ancillary diagnostic tests, including bacterial cultures, were performed on a case-by-case basis to rule in/out differential diagnoses based on initial clinicopathological presumptive diagnoses. BVDV-associated conditions that were diagnosed in the 8 cases included mucosal disease, transient postnatal BVDV infections associated with digestive/septicemic salmonellosis by Salmonella serovar typhimurium, Histophilus somni bronchopneumonia, urinary tract coinfections with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sp., enteric coinfection with coccidia, and transplacental fetal infections and abortions with Neospora caninum coinfection. BVDV-1a and BVDV-2b were each identified in four of the eight cases. We conclude that BVDV-1a and BVDV-2b contribute significantly to disease and mortality in cattle in Uruguay. Future research should estimate the economic impact of BVDV in the Uruguayan livestock sector.
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Cheng RA, Wiedmann M. The ADP-Ribosylating Toxins of Salmonella. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E416. [PMID: 31315299 PMCID: PMC6669713 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of pathogenic bacteria utilize toxins to mediate disease in a susceptible host. The foodborne pathogen Salmonella is one of the most important and well-studied bacterial pathogens. Recently, whole genome sequence characterizations revealed the presence of multiple novel ADP-ribosylating toxins encoded by a variety of Salmonella serovars. In this review, we discuss both the classical (SpvB) and novel (typhoid toxin, ArtAB, and SboC/SeoC) ADP-ribosylating toxins of Salmonella, including the structure and function of these toxins and our current understanding of their contributions to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Bilbao GN, Malena R, Passucci JA, Pinto de Almeida Castro AM, Paolicchi F, Soto P, Cantón J, Monteavaro CE. [Detection of serovars of Salmonella in artificially reared calves in Mar y Sierras Dairy Basin, Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 51:241-246. [PMID: 30638637 PMCID: PMC7115763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
La salmonelosis es una de las enfermedades bacterianas que afectan el tracto digestivo de los terneros y provocan en ellos diarrea. Con el objetivo de estudiar la prevalencia de los distintos serovares de Salmonella en terneros de crianza artificial y determinar la asociación con signos diarreicos, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico con diseño transversal en la región lechera Mar y Sierras, ubicada en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Mediante hisopado de mucosa rectal, se muestrearon 726 terneros en período de crianza distribuidos en 50 establecimientos lecheros de dicha zona, se incluyeron animales con signos diarreicos y sin estos. Los aislamientos identificados como Salmonella spp. fueron tipificados utilizando antisueros poli- y monovalentes dirigidos contra antígenos somáticos, flagelares y capsulares (Vi). Salmonella spp. se detectó en el 36% de los establecimientos y los serovares hallados fueron S. Mbandaka, S. Anatum, S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Montevideo, S. Meleagridis, S. Newport, S. Seftemberg, S. subesp.16,7:z1, S. Infantis y S. Give. El 5,5% de los terneros fueron positivos y aquellos terneros con signología diarreica presentaron 5,9 veces más probabilidad de estar infectados con Salmonella spp. que aquellos que no tuvieron signos. La edad de los terneros positivos osciló desde un día hasta 53 días de vida; la mayor frecuencia se detectó al segundo día de nacidos. Se concluye que 11 serovares de Salmonella están presentes en más de un tercio de los establecimientos lecheros de la región lechera Mar y Sierras y que estos serovares mostraron estar asociados a la existencia de signos diarreicos en los terneros, sobre todo a la presencia de moco en las heces. La prevalencia de Salmonella fue mayor en terneros de menos de 21 días de vida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys N Bilbao
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina.
| | - Rosana Malena
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA, Balcarce (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Juan A Passucci
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Aldana M Pinto de Almeida Castro
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Fernando Paolicchi
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Departamento de Producción Animal, INTA, Balcarce (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Pedro Soto
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Juliana Cantón
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
| | - Cristina E Monteavaro
- Departamentos de Producción Animal y de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA, Tandil (Buenos Aires), Argentina
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Costa RA, Casaux ML, Caffarena RD, Macías-Rioseco M, Schild CO, Fraga M, Riet-Correa F, Giannitti F. Urocystitis and Ureteritis in Holstein Calves with Septicaemia Caused by Salmonella enterica Serotype Dublin. J Comp Pathol 2018; 164:32-36. [PMID: 30360910 PMCID: PMC7094508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is an enteric or multisystemic disease of global distribution that affects numerous animal species. Although Salmonella enterica has been associated with urinary tract lesions in man, information on urocystitis/ureteritis in cattle caused by salmonellae is lacking. This communication describes lesions of the inferior urinary tract in four Holstein calves with septicaemia caused by S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype Dublin. Examination of the urinary bladder revealed either diffuse irregular thickening (three cases) or petechiation (one case) of the mucosa. On histopathological examination, urocystitis with submucosal histiocytic, lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration and neutrophil transmigration through the urothelium was noted in all cases. In one case, a fibrinosuppurative ureteritis was detected. Salmonella Dublin was identified by culture, 16S rDNA sequencing and serotyping and Salmonella antigen was detected intralesionally by immunohistochemistry. Other lesions, indicative of septicaemia included hepatitis, enteritis, pericarditis, splenitis, lymphadenitis and pneumonia. We conclude that S. Dublin can be uropathogenic in cattle with septicaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M L Casaux
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - R D Caffarena
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Macías-Rioseco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - C O Schild
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Fraga
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - F Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - F Giannitti
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay; Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
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10
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Malatos JM, Kurpios NA, Duhamel GE. Small Intestinal Lymphatic Hypoplasia in Three Dogs with Clinical Signs of Protein-losing Enteropathy. J Comp Pathol 2018; 160:39-49. [PMID: 29729720 PMCID: PMC8350617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal lymphatic hypoplasia (ILH) is a rare but well-documented cause of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) in human infants. To our knowledge, this condition has not been reported previously in veterinary medicine. Here we report the clinical and histopathological findings in three dogs that presented with clinical signs of PLE. The onset of PLE was early in an 18-month-old Great Pyrenees, while the other two dogs, a pug and a Tibetan terrier, had a later onset at 4 and 12 years of age, respectively. The presence of intestinal lymphatic and blood vessels was assessed by immunohistochemistry for human prospero homeobox 1 (prox-1), a lymphatic endothelial nuclear transcription factor and human von Willebrand factor (vWf), a marker of vascular endothelial cells, respectively. Small intestinal specimens taken from each dog showed severe mucosal oedema with a lack of prox-1 labelling of villous lacteals, dilated and tortuous vWf immunoreactive villous arterial and capillary blood vessels, and variable lamina propria mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates. Other histological features of ILH included club-shaped villi that were lined by low cuboidal epithelium or epithelial cells with cytoplasmic pallor and microvacuolar change, extrusion zone epithelial inversion and thin and inconspicuous villous longitudinal smooth muscles. While ILH is an uncommon diagnosis, it should be considered as a differential in dogs with clinical signs of PLE. The cause of canine ILH is unknown; however, a congenital abnormality with early or late onset of clinical signs is suspected. Diagnosis of ILH can be challenging; however, immunohistochemical labelling of lymphatic endothelial cells with prox-1 is essential for making this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Malatos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Animal Health Diagnostic Center
| | - N. A. Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - G. E. Duhamel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Animal Health Diagnostic Center
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Holschbach
- Large Animal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Simon F Peek
- Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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