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Yokoyama N, Matsumoto Y, Yamaguchi T, Okada K, Kinoshita R, Shimbo G, Ukawa H, Ishii R, Nakamura K, Yamazaki J, Takiguchi M. A de novo nonsense variant in the DMD gene associated with X-linked dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1418-1424. [PMID: 38613437 PMCID: PMC11099787 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy (MD) is a form of MD caused by variants in the DMD gene. It is a fatal disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Identify deleterious genetic variants in DMD by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using a next-generation sequencer. ANIMALS One MD-affected cat, its parents, and 354 cats from a breeding colony. METHODS We compared the WGS data of the affected cat with data available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and searched for candidate high-impact variants by in silico analyses. Next, we confirmed the candidate variants by Sanger sequencing using samples from the parents and cats from the breeding colony. We used 2 genome assemblies, the standard felCat9 (from an Abyssinian cat) and the novel AnAms1.0 (from an American Shorthair cat), to evaluate genome assembly differences. RESULTS We found 2 novel high-impact variants: a 1-bp deletion in felCat9 and an identical nonsense variant in felCat9 and AnAms1.0. Whole genome and Sanger sequencing validation showed that the deletion in felCat9 was a false positive because of misassembly. Among the 357 cats, the nonsense variant was only found in the affected cat, which indicated it was a de novo variant. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We identified a de novo variant in the affected cat and next-generation sequencing-based genotyping of the whole DMD gene was determined to be necessary for affected cats because the parents of the affected cat did not have the risk variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesGraduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | | | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | | | - Ryohei Kinoshita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Genya Shimbo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | | | | | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesGraduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Translational Research Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesGraduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
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Fortin JS, Hakim CH, Korte S, Yang NN, Fitzgerald SD, Johnson GC, Smith BF, Duan D. Widespread severe myodegeneration in a compound heterozygote female dog with dystrophin deficiency. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:654-659. [PMID: 33502125 PMCID: PMC8136971 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The University of Missouri (MU) has established a colony of dystrophin‐deficient dogs with a mixed breed background to mirror the variable pathologic effects of dystrophinopathies between persons of a given kindred to further the understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the variable phenotype; thus to facilitate discovery of an effective therapeutic strategy. Herein we report the phenotype and genotype of a normal‐appearing 10‐month‐old colony female that died suddenly. At necropsy examination, there were reduced skeletal and laryngeal muscle volume and mild dilatation of the oesophagus. Microscopic findings consisted of extensive degeneration and regeneration of the axial skeletal, tongue, oesophageal, and laryngeal muscles that were characterized by considerable central nucleation, individual fibre mineralization and interstitial fibrosis. The myocardial findings were limited to infiltration of adipose cells in the interstitium. The female dog was a compound heterozygote with one X chromosome carrying a point mutation in intron 6 of the dystrophin gene and the other X chromosome carrying a repetitive element insertion in intron 13 of the dystrophin gene. Although the direct cause of death was uncertain, it might likely be due to sudden cardiac death as has been seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. This case demonstrated dystrophinopathy in female dogs that have no ameliorating normal X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Fortin
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chady H Hakim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - N Nora Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott D Fitzgerald
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Zhang D, Cao L, Wang Z, Feng H, Cai X, Xu M, Li M, Yu N, Yin Y, Wang W, Kang J. Salidroside mitigates skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with cigarette smoke-induced COPD by up-regulating myogenin and down-regulating myostatin expression. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190440. [PMID: 31702007 PMCID: PMC6879355 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of Salidroside on skeletal muscle atrophy in a rat model of cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomized, and treated intraperitoneally (IP) with vehicle (injectable water) or a low, medium or high dose of Salidroside, followed by exposure to cigarette smoking daily for 16 weeks. A healthy control received vehicle injection and air exposure. Their lung function, body weights and gastrocnemius (GN) weights, grip strength and cross-section area (CSA) of individual muscular fibers in the GN were measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) in serum and GN tissues as well as myostatin and myogenin expression in GN tissues were measured. RESULTS In comparison with that in the healthy control, long-term cigarette smoking induced emphysema, significantly impaired lung function, reduced body and GN weights and CSA values in rats, accompanied by significantly increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA, but decreased levels of SOD and GSH in serum and GN tissues. Furthermore, cigarette smoking significantly up-regulated myostatin expression, but down-regulated myogenin expression in GN tissues. Salidroside treatment decreased emphysema, significantly ameliorated lung function, increased antioxidant, but reduced MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and GN tissues of rats, accompanied by decreased myostain, but increased myogenin expression in GN tissues. CONCLUSION Salidroside mitigates the long-term cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and skeletal muscle atrophy in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulating muscle-specific transcription factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Haoshen Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingtao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
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Shiga T, Okuno S, Uchida K, Chambers JK, Nakayama H. Electrophysiological and histopathological findings of muscular disease suspected as myotonic dystrophy in a Shiba dog. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:480-484. [PMID: 29311426 PMCID: PMC5880829 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old male Japanese Shiba exhibited muscle wasting and a stiff gait. A low-amplitude myotonic discharge was recorded by needle electromyography (EMG). A histopathological examination on a tru-cut biopsy sample
from the muscle revealed myofiber size variations. Internal nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in many fibers. A type 1 fiber predominance and many hybrid type fibers were observed immunohistochemically. On
the basis of these EMG and histopathological findings, myotonic dystrophy (DM) was suspected as tentative diagnosis. The cytoplasm around the vacuoles was immunopositive for cytochrome c, tom 20, and SOD-1, suggesting
that these vacuoles might occur within mitochondria. Collectively, these results indicate that a mitochondrial abnormality partly play the role on the pathogenesis of present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shiga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okuno
- Animal Clinic Kobayashi, 715-1, Sakai, Fukaya-shi, Saitama 366-0813, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Chambers JK, Thongtharb A, Shiga T, Azakami D, Saito M, Sato M, Morozumi M, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Accumulation of Laforin and Other Related Proteins in Canine Lafora Disease With EPM2B Repeat Expansion. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:543-551. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818758471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine Lafora disease (LD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder causing nonfatal structural epilepsy, mainly affecting miniature wirehaired dachshunds. Repeat expansion in the EPM2B gene causes a functional impairment of the ubiquitin ligase malin which regulates glycogen metabolism. Abnormally structured glycogen accumulates and develop polyglucosan bodies predominantly in the central nervous system. The authors performed a comprehensive clinical, genetic, and pathological study of 4 LD cases affecting miniature wirehaired dachshund dogs with EPM2B repeat expansions, with systemic distribution of polyglucosan bodies and accumulation of laforin and other functionally associated proteins in the polyglucosan bodies. Myoclonic seizures first appeared at 7–9 years of age, and the dogs died at 14–16 years of age. Immunohistochemistry for calbindin revealed that the polyglucosan bodies were located in the cell bodies and dendritic processes of Purkinje cells. Polyglucosan bodies were also positive for laforin, hsp70, α/β-synuclein, ubiquitin, LC3, and p62. Laforin-positive polyglucosan bodies were located in neurofilament-positive neurons but not in GFAP-positive astrocytes. In nonneural tissues, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive polyglucosan bodies were observed in the heart, skeletal muscle, liver, apocrine sweat gland, and smooth muscle layer of the urinary bladder. In the skeletal muscle, polyglucosan bodies were observed only in type 1 fibers and not in type 2 fibers. The results indicate that although the repeat expansion of the EPM2B gene is specific to dogs, the immunohistochemical properties of polyglucosan body in canine LD are comparable to human LD. However, important phenotypic variations exist between the 2 species including the affected skeletal muscle fiber type.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atigan Thongtharb
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shiga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Nursing, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyoko Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery II, Azabu University, Chuo Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Masumi Sato
- National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan
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