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Díaz L, Castellá G, Bragulat MR, Paytuví-Gallart A, Sanseverino W, Cabañes FJ. Study of the variation of the Malassezia load in the interdigital fold of dogs with pododermatitis. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:385-396. [PMID: 35704160 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is a common inhabitant of the skin and mucosae of dogs. However, under certain circumstances this yeast can overgrow and act as an opportunistic pathogen causing otitis and dermatitis in dogs. Canine pododermatitis is a common disorder in dogs in which M. pachydermatis acts as an opportunistic pathogen. In the present study, the presence of Malassezia yeasts was assessed and quantified in samples collected from the interdigital space of dogs with pododermatitis before and after treatment, and from healthy dogs. The samples were subjected to two different cytological examinations, culture on Sabouraud glucose agar and modified Dixon's agar and a quantitative PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genomic region. A selection of samples was analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) using the D1D2 domain of the large subunit of the ribosomal DNA as target. The pododermatitis samples before treatment showed higher cell counts, colony-forming units and ITS copies than the rest of samples. The NGS analysis revealed that Ascomycota was the main phylum in the healthy and post-treatment samples. However, Basidiomycota and M. pachydermatis was more abundant in the pododermatitis samples before treatment. These results support M. pachydermatis as an opportunistic agent in canine pododermatitis by a variety of methods, and demonstrate the correlation between cytologic and molecular methods for quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyna Díaz
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Castellá
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - M Rosa Bragulat
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - F Javier Cabañes
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Tapes D, Skampardonis V, Chatzis MK, Apostolidis K, Athanasiou LV, Kasabalis D, Kokkinaki KCG, Katsogiannou EG, Petanides T, Leontides L, Saridomichelakis MN. Repeatability and reproducibility of microscopic examination of adhesive tape strip cytology slides for the quantification of
Malassezia
spp. in canine skin. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:305-e71. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tapes
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
- Veterinary Clinic, Army Veterinary Training and Health Center Stratigou N. Plastira Larisa Greece
| | - Vassilis Skampardonis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | - Manolis K. Chatzis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | - Kosmas Apostolidis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | - Dimitris Kasabalis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | | | - Eleni G. Katsogiannou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | - Theodoros Petanides
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
| | - Leonidas Leontides
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Thessaly Karditsa Greece
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Vecere G, Malka S, Holden N, Tang S, Krumbeck JA. Comparison of ear canal microbiome in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) with and without otitis externa using next generation DNA sequencing. J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Galuppi R, Morandi B, Agostini S, Dalla Torre S, Caffara M. Survey on the Presence of Malassezia spp. in Healthy Rabbit Ear Canals. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090696. [PMID: 32854181 PMCID: PMC7558168 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia spp. have rarely been reported in rodents and lagomorphs. In 2011, Malassezia cuniculi was described in two rabbits. Further microscopic studies showed M. cuniculi-like yeasts in more than 50% of samples from rabbits’ ear canals, but no isolation was made. The present study details the presence of Malassezia spp. and tries to typify it from ear canals of healthy rabbits. Seventy-eight half-breed rabbits from rural farms and 98 companion dwarf rabbits from northern Italy were considered. A first attempt to screen ear swabs was performed by microscopic and cultural examination on Sabouraud Glucose Agar (SGA), modified Dixon Agar (mDA) and Leeming and Notman Agar (LNA). Additionally, ear swabs from eight further microscopically positive rabbits for M. cuniculi-like cells, were used for both isolation on LNA medium and nine of its variants and for DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing. The microscopic observation of the swabs of the screened 168 rabbits highlighted the presence of yeasts in one or both of the external ear canals of 98 rabbits (58.3%). Rabbits used for meat production were more frequently diagnosed positive than pet rabbits (P = 0.001), and young ones were more often positive compared to rabbits older than 3 months (P = 0.027). No yeast growth was observed in culture. From the eight selected rabbits, Malassezia isolation failed both on LNA and on the modified mediums. Sequences of ~300 bp fragments of 18s rDNA, obtained by PCR from swabs, showed 99.9% identity with Malassezia phylotype 131 described from human ear canals. As Malassezia-like yeasts have been observed in more than half of the examined population, its colonization of ear meatus can be considered as physiological in rabbits. The results outline how much remains to be discovered on Malassezia as a component of the skin mycobiota of rabbits and that the use of the culture examination alone is not the best choice to detect Malassezia-like yeasts in rabbits.
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Tang S, Prem A, Tjokrosurjo J, Sary M, Van Bel MA, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Kavanagh M, Wu G, Van Eden ME, Krumbeck JA. The canine skin and ear microbiome: A comprehensive survey of pathogens implicated in canine skin and ear infections using a novel next-generation-sequencing-based assay. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108764. [PMID: 32768216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the complex bacterial and fungal microbiota of healthy and clinically affected canine ear and skin samples. A total of 589 canine samples were included: 257 ear swab samples (128 healthy vs. 129 clinically affected) and 332 skin swab samples (172 healthy vs. 160 clinically affected) were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine both relative and absolute abundances of bacteria and fungi present in the samples. This study highlighted the canine microbiota of clinically affected cases was characterized by an overall loss of microbial diversity, high microbial biomass, with overgrowth of certain members of the microbiota. The observed phenotype of these samples was best described by the combination of both relative and absolute microbial abundances. Compared to healthy samples, 78.3% of the clinically affected ear samples had microbial overgrowth; 69.8% bacterial overgrowth, 16.3% fungal overgrowth, and 7.0% had both bacterial and fungal overgrowth. The most important microbial taxa enriched in clinically affected ears were Malassezia pachydermatis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and a few anaerobic bacteria such as Finegoldia magna, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Porphyromonas cangingivalis. The anaerobic microbes identified here were previously not commonly recognized as pathogens in canine ear infections. Similar observations were found for skin samples, but yeasts and anaerobes were less abundant when compared to clinically affected cases. Results highlighted herein, signify the potential of NGS-based methods for the accurate quantification and identification of bacterial and fungal populations in diagnosing canine skin and ear infections, and highlight the limitations of traditional culture-based testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiquan Tang
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA; Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Aishani Prem
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | | | - Mony Sary
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Mikayla A Van Bel
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Saddleback Animal Hospital, 1082 Bryan Ave, Tustin, CA, 92780, USA; Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kavanagh
- Saddleback Animal Hospital, 1082 Bryan Ave, Tustin, CA, 92780, USA
| | - Guangxi Wu
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Marc E Van Eden
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA; Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA
| | - Janina A Krumbeck
- MiDOG LLC, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA; Zymo Research Corporation, 17062 Murphy Ave, Irvine, CA, 92614, USA.
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Cabañes FJ. Diagnosis of Malassezia dermatitis and otitis in dogs and cats, is it just a matter of counting? Rev Iberoam Micol 2020; 38:3-4. [PMID: 32448732 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Cabañes
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Guillot J, Bond R. Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:79. [PMID: 32181160 PMCID: PMC7059102 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are important skin commensals and opportunistic skin pathogens in a variety of animals. The species M. pachydermatis was first isolated from the skin of a captive Indian rhinoceros with an exfoliative dermatitis in 1925, recognized as an important otic pathogen of dogs in the 1950's, and finally accepted, after several years of controversy, as a common cause of canine dermatitis in the 1990's. Since then, there has been considerable research into the biology of Malassezia yeasts and their interaction with their animal hosts. In dogs and cats, M. pachydermatis is associated with ceruminous otitis externa and a "seborrhoeic" dermatitis, wherein pruritic, erythematous skin lesions, often with brown/black greasy, malodourous material matting hairs, preferentially develop in intertriginous areas. Skin disease is favored by folds, underlying hypersensitivity disorders, endocrinopathies, defects of cornification, and in cats, various visceral paraneoplastic syndromes. Diagnosis is based on detecting the yeast in compatible skin lesions, usually by cytology, and observing a clinical and mycological response to therapy. Treatment normally comprises topical or systemic azole therapy, often with miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoos or oral itraconazole or ketoconazole. Management of concurrent diseases is important to minimize relapses. Historically, wild-type Malassezia isolates from dogs and cats were typically susceptible to azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, but emerging azole resistance in field strains has recently been associated with either mutations or quadruplication of the ERG11 gene. These observations have prompted increased interest in alternative topical antifungal drugs, such as chlorhexidine, and various essential oils. Further clinical trials are awaited with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Guillot
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, EA Dynamyc, UPEC, EnvA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ross Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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