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Milićević V, Šolaja S, Glišić D, Ninković M, Milovanović B, Đorđević M, Ristevski S, Spasojević F, Dačić M. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Dominant Viral Players in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex among Serbian Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1458. [PMID: 38791675 PMCID: PMC11117219 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex, a complex respiratory ailment in cattle, results from a combination of viral and bacterial factors, compounded by environmental stressors such as overcrowding, transportation, and adverse weather conditions. Its impact extends beyond mere health concerns, posing significant economic threats to the cattle industry. This study presents an extensive investigation into viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, utilizing serum samples and nasal swabs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 across 65 randomly selected dairy farms in Serbia, excluding farms with vaccinated cattle. The farms were categorized by their livestock count: small (≤50 animals), medium (51-200 animals), and large (>200 animals). Serum samples from adult cattle older than 24 months were tested for antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, and BPIV3. Nasal swab samples from the animals with respiratory signs were tested using PCR for viral genome detection. The results showed seropositivity for all four viruses across all of the farms, with BPIV3 exhibiting universal seropositivity. Medium-sized and large farms demonstrated higher levels of seropositivity for BRSV and BHV-1 compared to small farms (p < 0.05). Our true seroprevalence estimates at the animal level were 84.29% for BRSV, 54.08% for BVDV, 90.61% for BHV-1, and 84.59% for BPIV3. A PCR analysis of the nasal swabs revealed positive detections for BRSV (20%), BHV-1 (1.7%), BVDV (8%), and BPIV3 (10.9%). Influenza D virus was not found in any of the samples. This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and circulation of viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and control measures to mitigate the impact of respiratory diseases in cattle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milićević
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Sofija Šolaja
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Dimitrije Glišić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Milan Ninković
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bojan Milovanović
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Milan Đorđević
- Veterinary Clinic “Mladenovac”, Kralja Petra I 347, 11400 Mladenovac, Serbia;
| | | | - Filip Spasojević
- Al Dahra Srbija doo, Gorskih Jasenova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miroljub Dačić
- Veterinary Specialized Institute “Jagodina”, Boška Jovića 6, 35000 Jagodina, Serbia;
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Werid GM, Van TD, Miller D, Hemmatzadeh F, Fulton RW, Kirkwood R, Petrovski K. Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus Detection Methods and Prevalence in Cattle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:494. [PMID: 38338137 PMCID: PMC10854990 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V) is an important respiratory pathogen in cattle, contributing to syndromes in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). Despite its significance, the understanding of its prevalence remains fragmented, especially within the larger framework of BRDC. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of BPI3V in cattle using varied detection methods and to highlight associated risk factors. Of 2187 initially retrieved articles, 71 were selected for analysis, covering 32 countries. Depending on the detection method employed, the meta-analysis revealed significant variations in BPI3V prevalence. In the general cattle population, the highest prevalence was observed using the antibody detection method, with a proportion of 0.64. In contrast, in cattle with BRDC, a prevalence of 0.75 was observed. For the antigen detection method, a prevalence of 0.15 was observed, exclusively in cattle with BRDC. In nucleic acid detection, a prevalence of 0.05 or 0.10 was observed in the general and BRDC cattle populations, respectively. In virus isolation methods, a prevalence of 0.05 or 0.04 was observed in the general and BRDC cattle populations, respectively. These findings highlight the differences in the detection ability of different methods in identifying BPI3V. Other factors, such as country, study year, coinfections, farm size, the presence of respiratory signs, sex, and body weight, may also affect the prevalence. Most studies were anchored within broader BRDC investigations or aimed at detecting other diseases, indicating a potential under-representation of focused BPI3V research. BPI3V plays an important role in BRDC, with its prevalence varying significantly based on the detection methodology. To further understand its unique role within BRDC and pave the way for targeted interventions, there is an evident need for independent, dedicated research on BPI3V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Thien D. Van
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Darren Miller
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Robert W. Fulton
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Broken Arrow, OK 74014, USA
| | - Roy Kirkwood
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
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3
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Werid GM, Miller D, Hemmatzadeh F, Messele YE, Petrovski K. An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:12-23. [PMID: 37982437 PMCID: PMC10734592 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231210489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization and immune response. Emerging trends in IHC include the use of multiplex IHC for the detection of coinfections, the use of digital imaging and automation, improved detection systems using enhanced fluorescent dyes, and the integration of IHC with spatial transcriptomics. Overall, identifying biomarkers for early detection, utilizing high-throughput IHC for large-scale studies, developing standardized protocols and reagents, and integrating IHC with other technologies are some of the opportunities to enhance the accuracy and applicability of IHC. We summarize here the various techniques and protocols used in IHC and highlight their current and potential role in BRDC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Darren Miller
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Yohannes E. Messele
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Kiro Petrovski
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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Welch M, Krueger K, Zhang J, Piñeyro P, Patterson A, Gauger P. Pathogenesis of an experimental coinfection of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 and influenza A virus in commercial nursery swine. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109850. [PMID: 37639899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently characterized swine respirovirus. Previous experimental studies reported PPIV-1 replicates in the porcine respiratory tract causing minimal clinical disease or lesions. However, it is unknown if PPIV-1 co-infections with viral respiratory pathogens would cause respiratory disease consistent with natural infections reported in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate if PPIV-1 increases the severity of influenza A virus respiratory disease in swine. Fifty conventional, five-week-old pigs were assigned to one of three challenge groups (n = 15) or a negative control group (n = 5). Pigs were challenged with a γ-cluster H1N2 influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S; A/Swine/North Carolina/00169/2006), PPIV-1 (USA/MN25890NS/2016), inoculum that contained equivalent titers of IAV-S and PPIV-1 (CO-IN), or negative control. Clinical scores representing respiratory disease and nasal swabs were collected daily and all pigs were necropsied five days post inoculation (DPI). The CO-IN group demonstrated a significantly lower percentage of pigs showing respiratory clinical signs relative to the IAV-S challenge group from 2 to 4 DPI. The IAV-S and CO-IN groups had significantly lower microscopic composite lesion scores in the upper respiratory tract compared to the PPIV-1 group although the IAV-S and CO-IN groups had significantly higher microscopic composite lung lesion scores. Collectively, PPIV-1 did not appear to influence severity of clinical disease, macroscopic lesions, or alter viral loads detected in nasal swabs or necropsy tissues when administered as a coinfection with IAV-S. Studies evaluating PPIV-1 coinfections with different strains of IAV-S, different respiratory pathogens or sequential exposure of PPIV-1 and IAV-S are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Welch
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Karen Krueger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Abby Patterson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Inc., 2412 S. Loop Drive, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Goto Y, Fukunari K, Suzuki T. Multiplex RT-qPCR Application in Early Detection of Bovine Respiratory Disease in Healthy Calves. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030669. [PMID: 36992378 PMCID: PMC10057971 DOI: 10.3390/v15030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) are associated with various predisposing factors, such as physical and physiological stress factors, and bacterial and viral pathogens. These stressors and viruses suppress immune defenses, leading to bacterial growth in the upper respiratory tract and invasion of pathogens into the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the causative pathogens would contribute to the early detection of BRD. Nasal swabs and sera from 63 clinically healthy calves were continuously collected from seven farms in Iwate prefecture from 2019 to 2021. We attempted to monitor dynamics of BRD-associated pathogens by multiplex real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) using their nasal swab samples. In addition, we attempted to monitor fluctuation of antibody titers against each BRD-associated pathogen by virus neutralization test (VNT) using their sera. In contrast, nasal swabs from 89 calves infected with BRD were collected from 28 farms in Iwate prefecture from 2019 to 2021. We attempted to analyze their nasal swab samples by multiplex RT-qPCR aim to detect BRD-associated pathogens that are dominant in this region. As a result, our analyses using samples from clinically healthy calves showed that positive results by multiplex RT-qPCR were closely related to a significant increase of antibody titers by VNT in bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine torovirus (BToV), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In addition, our data exhibited that BCoV, BToV, BRSV, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, and Mycoplasma bovis have been more frequently detected in calves infected with BRD compared to those detected in clinically healthy calves. Moreover, the data presented herein revealed co-infections by combination multiple viral pathogens with bacterial pathogens are closely involved in the onset of BRD. Taken together, our study demonstrates multiplex RT-qPCR which can simultaneously analyze multiple pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, and is useful for the early detection of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Central Iwate Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Takizawa 020-0605, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukunari
- Central Iwate Prefectural Livestock Health and Hygiene Center, Takizawa 020-0605, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Division of Zoonosis Research and Division of Hygiene Management, Sapporo Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Sapporo 062-0045, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-851-2132; Fax: +81-11-853-0767
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Xu QY, Pan Q, Wu Q, Xin JQ. Mycoplasma Bovis adhesins and their target proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016641. [PMID: 36341375 PMCID: PMC9630594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mycoplasmosis is an important infectious disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) which poses a serious threat to the breeding industry. Adhesin is involved in the initial process of M. bovis colonization, which is closely related to the infection, cell invasion, immune escape and virulence of this pathogenic microorganism. For the reason that M. bovis lacks a cell wall, its adhesin is predominantly located on the surface of the cell membrane. The adhesins of M. bovis are usually identified by adhesion and adhesion inhibition analysis, and more than 10 adhesins have been identified so far. These adhesins primarily bind to plasminogen, fibronectin, heparin and amyloid precursor-like protein-2 of host cells. This review aims to concisely summarize the current knowledge regarding the adhesins of M. bovis and their target proteins of the host cell. Additionally, the biological characteristics of the adhesin will be briefly analyzed.
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7
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Zhang J, Wang W, Yang M, Lin J, Xue F, Zhu Y, Yin X. Development of a One-Step Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Viral Pathogens Associated With the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:825257. [PMID: 35155658 PMCID: PMC8825873 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.825257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) occurs widely in cattle farms. The main viral pathogens include bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and the newly emerged influenza D virus (IDV). In this study, we have developed a one-step multiplex real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) capable of simultaneously detecting these five viral pathogens causing BRDC. The established assay could specifically detect targeted viruses without cross-reaction with others. The detection limit was ~10 copies/reaction for single real-time PCR and 100 copies/ reaction for multiplex real-time PCR assay. A total of 213 nasal samples from cattle with signs of respiratory tract disease were then collected for performance evaluation of the established platform, proving that the method has good specificity and sensitivity. The surveillance data suggested that BVDV and BoHV-1 infections are the dominant cause of BRDC in the herd, whereas the detection rate of IDV, BIPV3, and BRSV is relatively lower. In summary, the established assay provides technical support for rapid clinical detection of BRDC associated viral pathogens to guide the formulation of BRDC prevention and control measures.
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Maya-Rodríguez LM, Carrillo-Casas EM, Rojas-Trejo V, Trigo-Tavera F, Miranda-Morales RE. Prevalence of three Mycoplasma sp. by multiplex PCR in cattle with and without respiratory disease in central Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:394. [PMID: 36417039 PMCID: PMC9685072 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Mycoplasma bovis, Myc. dispar, and Myc. bovirhinis, which are involved in bovine respiratory disease through a multiplex PCR as an alternative to culture's features that hamper Mycoplasma isolation. Nasal swabs were taken from 335 cattle with and without respiratory disease background (RDB) from dairy herds in the central region of Mexico. Each sample was divided in two; the first part was processed for the direct DNA extraction of the nasal swab and the second for Mycoplasma isolation, culture, and then the multiplex PCR was performed. In the nasal swabs, Myc. bovis was identified in 21.1%; Myc. dispar, in 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis, in 10.8% in cattle with RDB. Isolates were identified as Myc. bovis, 20.1%; Myc. dispar, 11.8%; and Myc. bovirhinis, 6.1%. There is a strong correlation between the presence of Mycoplasma identified by PCR and the clinical history of the disease (ρ < 0.0000). In animals without RDB, Myc. bovirhinis was the only species detected in 6.1% of the samples processed directly for multiplex PCR, and in 2% of the isolates. There is an excellent correlation (kappa 0.803) between the isolation and the 16S PCR and a high correlation (kappa 0.75) between the isolation and the multiplex PCR. Therefore, we conclude that the PCR multiplex test is highly sensitive and may be used for the diagnosis and surveillance of the three species in biological samples and mycoplasma isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Maya-Rodríguez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - E. M. Carrillo-Casas
- grid.414754.70000 0004 6020 7521Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Depto. de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Dirección de Investigación, Calz. de Tlalpan 4800, Secc XVI, 14080 Tlalpan CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - V. Rojas-Trejo
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - F. Trigo-Tavera
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Patología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
| | - R. E. Miranda-Morales
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Laboratorio de Mycoplasmas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04519 CDMX, CP Mexico
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Brügger M, Démoulins T, Barut GT, Zumkehr B, Oliveira Esteves BI, Mehinagic K, Haas Q, Schögler A, Rameix-Welti MA, Eléouët JF, Moehrlen U, Marti TM, Schmid RA, Summerfield A, Posthaus H, Ruggli N, Hall SRR, Alves MP. Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells are engaged in distinct steps of host response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009789. [PMID: 34320038 PMCID: PMC8351988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung-resident (LR) mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the alveolar niche and fundamental regulators of homeostasis and regeneration. We interrogated their function during virus-induced lung injury using the highly prevalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) which causes severe outcomes in infants. We applied complementary approaches with primary pediatric LR-MSCs and a state-of-the-art model of human RSV infection in lamb. Remarkably, RSV-infection of pediatric LR-MSCs led to a robust activation, characterized by a strong antiviral and pro-inflammatory phenotype combined with mediators related to T cell function. In line with this, following in vivo infection, RSV invades and activates LR-MSCs, resulting in the expansion of the pulmonary MSC pool. Moreover, the global transcriptional response of LR-MSCs appears to follow RSV disease, switching from an early antiviral signature to repair mechanisms including differentiation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate the involvement of LR-MSCs during virus-mediated acute lung injury and may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Brügger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Démoulins
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Zumkehr
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blandina I. Oliveira Esteves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kemal Mehinagic
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aline Schögler
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, UMR 1173 (2I), Versailles, France
| | | | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Marti
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A. Schmid
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sean R. R. Hall
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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The specific features of the developing T cell compartment of the neonatal lung are a determinant of respiratory syncytial virus immunopathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009529. [PMID: 33909707 PMCID: PMC8109812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, possibly due to the properties of the immature neonatal pulmonary immune system. Using the newborn lamb, a classical model of human lung development and a translational model of RSV infection, we aimed to explore the role of cell-mediated immunity in RSV disease during early life. Remarkably, in healthy conditions, the developing T cell compartment of the neonatal lung showed major differences to that seen in the mature adult lung. The most striking observation being a high baseline frequency of bronchoalveolar IL-4-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which declined progressively over developmental age. RSV infection exacerbated this pro-type 2 environment in the bronchoalveolar space, rather than inducing a type 2 response per se. Moreover, regulatory T cell suppressive functions occurred very early to dampen this pro-type 2 environment, rather than shutting them down afterwards, while γδ T cells dropped and failed to produce IL-17. Importantly, RSV disease severity was related to the magnitude of those unconventional bronchoalveolar T cell responses. These findings provide novel insights in the mechanisms of RSV immunopathogenesis in early life, and constitute a major step for the understanding of RSV disease severity.
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Identification and Genetic Characterization of a Novel Respirovirus in Alpine Chamois (r upicapra rupicapra rupicapra). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040704. [PMID: 32316522 PMCID: PMC7222786 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Alpine chamois is a free-living wild ruminant distributed across the mountainous areas of France, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria, Slovenia and Croatia. This wide distribution favours interactions with other wild ruminants and livestock, implying the risk of cross-transmission of pathogens. Due to the impact of lung diseases on chamois populations, the investigation of respiratory pathogens is important for wildlife conservation and for the understanding of infection transmission at the livestock–wildlife interface. In the present study, a novel respirovirus was isolated from a chamois with lung lesions and characterized by full-genome sequence and phylogeny. The genome characterization of this novel virus revealed similarities to domestic ruminant respiroviruses, mainly of caprine and ovine origin. Overall, phylogenetic analyses indicated that the chamois virus is distinct from already defined species and suggested that it is a putative novel member of the genus Respirovirus. The present investigation contributes to the knowledge of respiratory infections in wild ruminants and raises questions on the epidemiological link between chamois and other animal species. Abstract The Respirovirus genus, family Paramamixoviridae, includes respiratory viral pathogens. Here we report the identification and genetic characterization of a respirovirus in an Alpine chamois showing interstitial pneumonia associated with catarrhal bronchopneumonia. The full-genome characterization of this respirovirus, named ChamoisRV/IT2014, revealed low similarities to caprine respirovirus (77.1%), bovine respirovirus (74.5%) and human respirovirus (72.0%). The phylogenetic analyses based on the full-length genome sequence of the novel isolate and reference respirovirus strains showed that ChamoisRV/IT2014 clustered with caprine respirovirus but formed a separate branch. The phylogenetic tree topology of complete large protein amino acid sequences, representing the current species demarcation criterion for Respirovirus genus, showed a 0.05 branch length of ChamoisRV/IT2014 sequence between the nearest node and the tip of the branch, suggesting that this virus belongs to a novel species. This new isolate in a new host species raises several questions to be addressed on the epidemiological role of chamois and the risks of cross-transmission between wild ruminants and livestock.
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Zhang M, Hill JE, Godson DL, Ngeleka M, Fernando C, Huang Y. The pulmonary virome, bacteriological and histopathological findings in bovine respiratory disease from western Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:924-934. [PMID: 31715071 PMCID: PMC7168541 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology and pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are complex and involve the interplay of infectious agents, management and environmental factors. Previous studies of BRD focused on ante‐mortem samples from the upper respiratory tract and identified several unconventional viruses. The lung, however, is the primary location where significant BRD lesions are usually found and is a common post‐mortem diagnostic specimen. In this study, results of high‐throughput virome sequencing, bacterial culture, targeted real‐time PCR and histological examination of 130 bovine pneumonic lungs from western Canadian cattle were combined to explore associations of microorganisms with different types of pneumonia. Fibrinous bronchopneumonia (FBP) was the predominant type of pneumonia (46.2%, 60/130) and was associated with the detection of Mannheimia haemolytica. Detection of Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida was associated with suppurative bronchopneumonia (SBP) and concurrent bronchopneumonia and bronchointerstitial pneumonia (BP&BIP), respectively. Sixteen viruses were identified, of which bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2) was the most prevalent (11.5%, 15/130) followed by ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (UTPV1, 8.5%, 11/130) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV, 8.5%, 11/130). None of these viruses, however, were significantly associated with a particular type of pneumonia. Unconventional viruses such as influenza D virus (IDV) and bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) were detected, although sparsely, consistent with our previous findings in upper respiratory tract samples. Taken together, our results show that while virus detection in post‐mortem lung samples is of relatively little diagnostic value, the strong associations of H. somni and M. haemolytica with SBP and FBP, respectively, indicate that histopathology can be useful in differentiating bacterial aetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maodong Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dale L Godson
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Musangu Ngeleka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Champika Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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