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Ortega MF, Giovambattista G, Cutullé C, Santos DD, Nava S, Bonamy M, Holgado F. Phenotypic evaluation of genetic resistance to the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Argentine Creole cattle. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102223. [PMID: 37422944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to characterize the Argentine Creole cattle breed through the identification of individual phenotypic variations in the levels of infestation with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. We evaluated 179 heifers exposed to successive artificial infestations from 2015 to 2018, achieving a total of 663 observations. Tick counts were assessed with the linear mixed model, considering year of evaluation, time of infestation, dam's age and nutritional status during the evaluated period as fixed effects. The average tick count value obtained allowed to classify the breed as highly resistant to the tick charge (99.3%). Although the previous nutritional condition of the animals did not affect the individual charge response, weight gain during the trial showed a significantly negative correlation. We conclude that the Argentine Creole breed is an attractive genetic alternative for cattle breeding in endemic regions, either as a pure breed or a cross-breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Leales (T4113), Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout" (IGEVET, UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata (B1904), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Cutullé
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IP-IPVet), Unidad Ejecutora Doble Dependencia (INTA-CONICET), Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA Castelar), Hurlingham (B1686LQF), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN-CONICET), Instituto Miguel Lillo, Yerba Buena (T4107), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Santiago Nava
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL) (INTA-CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela (INTA E.E.A Rafaela), Rafaela (S2300), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martín Bonamy
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout" (IGEVET, UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata (B1904), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Producción de Bovinos, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata (B1904), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Holgado
- Asociación Argentina de Criadores de Ganado Bovino Criollo, San Martín 4303 - (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Bellezze J, Thompson CS, Bosio AS, Torioni SM, Primo ME. Development and field evaluation of an ELISA to differentiate Anaplasma marginale-infected from A. centrale-vaccinated cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:204-208. [PMID: 36786319 PMCID: PMC9999405 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231152472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization of calves with Anaplasma centrale is used to prevent acute anaplasmosis caused by A. marginale. Natural and vaccine-acquired immunity is detected through serologic tests based primarily on A. marginale recombinant major surface protein 5 (MSP5m) because it has 91% identity with MSP5 from A. centrale (MSP5c). We developed a displacement, double-antigen, sandwich ELISA (ddasELISA) to detect antibodies against A. marginale or A. centrale. For ddasELISA validation, we analyzed serum samples positive for antibodies against Anaplasma spp. from cattle naturally infected with A. marginale (n = 300) or vaccinated with A. centrale (n = 255). Species-specific nested PCR (nPCR) assays were used to confirm infection. The optical density (OD) values obtained from antibodies directed at unique epitopes of A. marginale (ODAm) or A. centrale (ODAc) were used in the formula ODAm/ODAc. If the derived ratio was >0.38, the serum sample was considered positive for antibodies against A. marginale, with 98.9% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity. In a field evaluation, we analyzed 702 Anaplasma spp. antibody-positive serum samples from 34 herds by ddasELISA and nPCR; 571 were classified by ddasELISA as A. marginale-infected or A. centrale-vaccinated, with 84% agreement (κ = 0.70) between ddasELISA and nPCR. Our results indicate that ddasELISA could be used as a cost-effective alternative to molecular techniques to confirm infection with A. marginale in countries in which prevention is based on vaccination with A. centrale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Bellezze
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL, INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina S. Thompson
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL, INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Anabela S. Bosio
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL, INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana M. Torioni
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL, INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María E. Primo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL, INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Zhang J, Ma H, Ai J, Qi T, Kang M, Li J, Sun Y. Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against Anaplasma spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192723. [PMID: 36230463 PMCID: PMC9559258 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma genus infects the blood cells of humans and animals by biting, causing zoonotic anaplasmosis. However, limited data are available on carrier animals for Anaplasma spp. antibodies in the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau Area. Therefore, a serological indirect ELISA diagnostic method based on the major surface protein 5 (MSP5), derived from Anaplasma phagocytophilum, was developed in this study to analyze both IgG and IgM antibodies of Anaplasma spp. in a total of 3952 animals from the Qinghai−Tibetan Plateau, including yaks (Bos grunniens), cows (Bos taurus), cattle (Bos taurus domesticus), Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries), horses (Equus ferus caballus), pigs (Sus domesticus), chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), donkeys (Equus asinus), stray dogs (Canis sp.), and stray cats (Felis sp.). The results showed that recombinant MSP5 protein was expressed and was successfully used to establish the indirect ELISA methods. The overall positivity for Anaplasma IgG and IgM antibodies was 14.6% (578/3952) and 7.9% (312/3952), respectively, and a total of 123 animals (3.1%) were both IgG- and IgM-positive. Moreover, the most prevalent Anaplasma IgG positivity was exhibited by donkeys (82.5%), followed by stray dogs, Tibetan sheep, pigs, chickens, horses, yaks, cows, cattle, and stray cats. The analysis for IgM antibody positivity revealed that IgM positivity was the most prevalent in the stray dogs (30.1%), followed by horses, yaks, Tibetan sheep, cows, stray cats, and cattle. Moreover, the results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) at different altitudes in Anaplasma-specific IgG in the yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses, and in IgM in the yaks and Tibetan sheep. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that yaks, cows, cattle, Tibetan sheep, horses, donkeys, stray dogs, stray cats, pigs, and chickens living in the Qinghai−Tibet Plateau are carrier animals for Anaplasma spp. IgG or IgM antibodies. The current findings provide valuable current data on the seroepidemiology of anaplasmosis in China and for plateau areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Hejia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jingkai Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Tongsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ming Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jixu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence:
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Primo ME, Bellezze J, Morel N, Panizza MM, Valentini BS, Torioni SM, Thompson CS. Development and field evaluation of a nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (nPCR-RFLP) analysis to identify A. marginale-infected and A. centrale-vaccinated cattle. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sarli M, Novoa MB, Mazzucco MN, Morel N, Primo ME, de Echaide ST, Echaide IE. Efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline and imidocarb dipropionate for the chemosterilization of Anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected carrier cattle in Argentina. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2021; 23:100513. [PMID: 33678368 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of anaplasmosis to non-endemic areas in Argentina has created the need for specific treatments to eliminate Anaplasma marginale from carriers. The most recent studies have failed to chemosterilize A. marginale infections. In this work, we compare the efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) and imidocarb dipropionate (IMD) to chemosterilize the A. marginale infection. For this purpose, twenty steers were randomly clustered into two groups of ten animals each 78 days after A. marginale experimental infection (day 0). Cattle from group 1 (G1) were treated with three doses of 20 mg kg-1 of OTC (Terramycin® LA, 200 mg/ml) 7 days apart by intramuscular injection. Cattle from G2 were treated with two doses of 5 mg kg-1 of IMD (Imizol®, 120 mg/ml) 14 days apart by intramuscular injection. The efficacy of sterilizing treatments was evaluated by detection of DNA by nested PCR, anti-MSP5 antibodies by ELISA and by inoculation of splenectomized calves with blood from the steers 104 days post-treatment (dpt). The results showed 50% efficacy of the OTC treatment to chemosterilize persistent A. marginale infections in cattle and the failure of the IMD treatment under the evaluated conditions. The persistence of specific antibody levels in the sterilized animals (56 dpt) was shorter than the period of DNA detection. The ELISA was the test of choice to confirm the sterilizing outcome after 60 dpt. In spite of its limitations, the sterilization of A. marginale carrier status using OTC, could be useful for high-value bovines in non-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Sarli
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María B Novoa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matilde N Mazzucco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Morel
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María E Primo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana T de Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Immunoinformatic Analysis to Identify Proteins to Be Used as Potential Targets to Control Bovine Anaplasmosis. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8882031. [PMID: 32908531 PMCID: PMC7474394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics sciences and new technologies to sequence full genomes provide valuable data that are revealed only after detailed bioinformatic analysis is performed. In this work, we analyzed the genomes of seven Mexican Anaplasma marginale strains and the data from a transcriptome analysis of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The aim of this analysis was to identify protein sequences with predicted features to be used as potential targets to control the bacteria or tick-vector transmission. We chose three amino acid sequences different to all proteins previously reported in A. marginale that have been used as potential vaccine candidates, and also, we report, for the first time, the presence of a peroxinectin protein sequence in the transcriptome of R. microplus, a protein associated with the immune response of ticks. The bioinformatics analyses revealed the presence of B-cell epitopes in all the amino acid sequences chosen, which opens the way for their likely use as single or arranged peptides to develop new strategies for the control and prevention of bovine anaplasmosis transmitted by ticks.
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Sarli M, Novoa MB, Mazzucco MN, Signorini ML, Echaide IE, de Echaide ST, Primo ME. A vaccine using Anaplasma marginale subdominant type IV secretion system recombinant proteins was not protective against a virulent challenge. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229301. [PMID: 32084216 PMCID: PMC7034839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne livestock pathogen with worldwide distribution. Bovine anaplasmosis is a significant threat to cattle industry. Anaplasmosis outbreaks in endemic areas are prevented via vaccination with live A. centrale produced in splenectomized calves. Since A. centrale live vaccine can carry other pathogens and cause disease in adult cattle, research efforts are directed to develop safe recombinant subunit vaccines. Previous work found that the subdominant proteins of A. marginale type IV secretion system (T4SS) and the subdominant elongation factor-Tu (Ef-Tu) were involved in the protective immunity against the experimental challenge in cattle immunized with the A. marginale outer membrane (OM). This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protection conferred by recombinant VirB9.1, VirB9.2, VirB10, VirB11, and Ef-Tu proteins cloned and expressed in E. coli. Twenty steers were randomly clustered into four groups (G) of five animals each. Cattle from G1 and G2 were immunized with a mixture of 50 μg of each recombinant protein with Quil A® or Montanide™ adjuvants, respectively. Cattle from G3 and G4 (controls) were immunized with Quil A and Montanide adjuvants, respectively. Cattle received four immunizations at three-week intervals and were challenged with 107 A. marginale-parasitized erythrocytes 42 days after the fourth immunization. After challenge, all cattle showed clinical signs, with a significant drop of packed cell volume and a significant increase of parasitized erythrocytes (p<0.05), requiring treatment with oxytetracycline to prevent death. The levels of IgG2 induced in the immunized groups did not correlate with the observed lack of protection. Additional strategies are required to evaluate the role of these proteins and their potential utility in the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Sarli
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María B. Novoa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matilde N. Mazzucco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L. Signorini
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E. Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Susana T. de Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María E. Primo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
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