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Tata TK, Ohene LA, Dzansi GA, Aziato L. Factors influencing nurses' pain assessment and management of road traffic casualties: a qualitative study at a military hospital in Ghana. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:100. [PMID: 38886656 PMCID: PMC11184758 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-01016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that patients who visit the surgical and trauma emergency units may be discharged with untreated or increased pain levels. This study explored nurses' pain assessment and management approaches at a trauma-surgical emergency unit in Ghana. METHODS Seventeen nurses who work in the trauma department participated in this qualitative exploratory descriptive study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted, and the thematic analysis was utilized to identify emerging themes and subthemes. RESULTS Three main themes were identified: patient pain indicators, pain management, and institutional factors influencing pain management. The study revealed that nurses rely on verbal expressions, non-verbal cues, physiological changes, and the severity of pain communicated. The findings highlighted staff shortage, inadequate resources, and lack of standardized guidelines as factors affecting pain and management. CONCLUSIONS Although the study offers critical new perspectives on nurses' experiences regarding pain related issues at the trauma-surgical emergency units, its small sample size limited its generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kwame Tata
- 37 Military Hospital, Neghelli Barracks Liberation Rd 37, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lillian Akorfa Ohene
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P. O Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Gladys Akorfa Dzansi
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery of Ghana, P. O Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lydia Aziato
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Volta Region, Ho, Ghana
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Avallin T, Muntlin Å, Kitson A, Jangland E. Testing a model for person-centred pain management: A systematic review and synthesis guided by the Fundamentals of Care framework. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:6811-6831. [PMID: 37245067 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test a model for person-centred pain management using qualitative evidence in the literature and refine it based on the results. DESIGN A qualitative systematic review with thematic synthesis using the Fundamentals of Care framework. METHODS AND DATA SOURCES A literature search in February 2021 in six scientific databases: CINAHL, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus, Social Science Premium Collection and Web of Science, reported using ENTREQ and PRISMA. Quality assessment was performed for the individual studies. Thematic analysis and the GRADE-CERQual approach were used in the synthesis including the assessment of confidence in the evidence. RESULTS The model was tested against the evidence in 15 studies appraised with moderate or high quality and found represented in the literature but needed to be expanded. A refined model with a moderate/high confidence level of evidence presents elements to be used in a holistic care process; The nurse is guided to establish a trusting relationship with the patient and enable communication to identify and meet pain management needs using pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Nurse leaders are guided to support this process by providing the right contextual conditions. CONCLUSIONS The strengths of the confidence level in the refined model, and that it is represented from the nurse and patient perspectives in nursing research across countries and cultures, support our recommendation for empirical evaluation. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE The model links the knowledge of pain management elements from individual studies together into actions to be performed in clinical practice. It also outlines the organizational support needed to make this happen. Nurses and nursing leaders are suggested to test the model to implement person-centred pain management in clinical practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution. IMPACT What Problem Did the Study Address? There is a need to transfer available evidence of person-centred pain management into practice to relieve the patient from pain. What Were the Main Findings? Person-centred pain management is of high priority for patients and nurses around the world and can be performed in a holistic care process including patient-nurse trust and communication, supported by contextual conditions to deliver timely pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management addressing the patient's physical, psychosocial and relational care needs. Where and on Whom will the Research Have an Impact? The model is to be tested and evaluated in clinical practice to guide the providers to relieve the patient from pain. REPORTING METHOD Relevant EQUATOR guidelines were used to report the study: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Avallin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nursing Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Muntlin
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Emergency Care and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Health Services Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alison Kitson
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eva Jangland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Nursing Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sunkwa-Mills G, Senah K, Tersbøl BP. Infection prevention and control in neonatal units: An ethnographic study of social and clinical interactions among healthcare providers and mothers in Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283647. [PMID: 37418459 PMCID: PMC10328309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infection prevention and control (IPC) remains an important strategy for preventing HAIs and improving the quality of care in hospital wards. The social environment and interactions in hospital wards are important in the quest to improve IPC. This study explored care practices and the interactions between healthcare providers and mothers in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in two Ghanaian hospitals and discusses the relevance for IPC. METHODOLOGY This study draws on data from an ethnographic study using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions involving 43 healthcare providers and 72 mothers, and participant observations in the wards between September 2017 and June 2019. The qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo 12 to facilitate coding. FINDINGS Mothers of hospitalized babies faced various challenges in coping with the hospital environment. Mothers received sparse information about their babies' medical conditions and felt intimidated in the contact with providers. Mothers strategically positioned themselves as learners, guardians, and peers to enable them to navigate the clinical and social environment of the wards. Mothers feared that persistent requests for information might result in their being labelled "difficult mothers" or might impact the care provided to their babies. Healthcare providers also shifted between various positionings as professionals, caregivers, and gatekeepers, with the tendency to exercise power and maintain control over activities on the ward. CONCLUSION The socio-cultural environment of the wards, with the patterns of interaction and power, reduces priority to IPC as a form of care. Effective promotion and maintenance of hygiene practices require cooperation, and that healthcare providers and mothers find common grounds from which to leverage mutual support and respect, and through this enhance care for mothers and babies, and develop stronger motivation for promoting IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifty Sunkwa-Mills
- Ghana Health Service, Central Region, Kasoa, Ghana
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kodjo Senah
- Department of Sociology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Britt Pinkowski Tersbøl
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tia MB, Aziato L, Dzansi G. Exploring Ghanaian nurses knowledge and application of bio-ethical principles in postoperative pain management. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276422. [PMID: 36260628 PMCID: PMC9581380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing postoperative pain require good understanding of the bio-ethical principles in order to preserve patients’ rights. Bio-ethical principles in health care include autonomy, beneficence, justice and nonmaleficence. It is important that health care professionals understand that patients in pain have the right to satisfactory management. Good insight on ethical principles and how they relate to pain management places the nurse on a better pedestal to manage postoperative pain effectively. However, there is scanty literature on the level of Ghanaian nurses’ knowledge and application of bio-ethical principles in postoperative pain management. Therefore, the study objectives were to: explore nurses’ understanding of the bio-ethical principles in postoperative pain management; explore how nurses apply bioethical principles in postoperative pain management. The study employed qualitative exploratory descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants from the surgical wards. Semi-structured interview guide was designed for data collection. Data saturation was reached at the fourteenth participant. Thematic analysis method was used and themes emerged inductively. Three main themes identified through inductive content analysis of data were: beneficence, autonomy and justice. Findings showed that nurses had some appreciable level of knowledge of the fundamental principles related to ethics and applied them in postoperative pain management. Nurses knew their duties in advocating for patients. Patients rights to refuse treatment was also appreciated by some nurses. Nurses also demonstrated humanity by helping patients financially to settle hospital debts which explicitly shows the empathetic characteristics of nurses. The study concluded that nurses are knowledgeable in bioethical principles underpinning post operative pain management and also applied these principles when caring for surgical patients.
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Measuring knowledge and attitudes of pain in older adults among culturally diverse nursing students. Collegian 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bautista C, Amatangelo MP, Baby P, Cassier-Woidasky AK, Dycus K, Edoh EI, Green T, Ilano KCS, Kemboi M, Littlejohns L, Martinez RCKP, Mastamet G, Perera A, Ramazanu S, Ribeiro RM, Serondo DJF, Sila F, Strayer A, Soriano GP, Wessol JL. Cultural Perspectives on Pain Assessment and Opioid Use: International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium Conference Proceedings. J Neurosci Nurs 2021; 53:149-156. [PMID: 33935264 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In August of 2020, the 4th International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium was held. The purpose of the symposium was to share neuroscience nursing research from around the world. One of the topics thought most notable that stimulated a crucial conversation was how different countries assessed pain and their use of opioids for pain management. BACKGROUND: Neuroscience nurses are global. What is not known is their experience with and what challenges exist with pain management for human beings in their country. Crossing geographic and cultural boundaries, pain affects all human beings. Each culture has unique values and beliefs regarding pain. Patient barriers, pivotal in this article, included poverty, poor health literacy, opioid phobia, and cultural as well as social beliefs. RESULTS: Neuroscience nurses from Australia, Brazil, Germany, Singapore, India, Ghana, Kenya, Philippines, South Africa, and the United States each collaborated to provide a short summary of assessing pain and use of opioids for pain management for the neuroscience patient. CONCLUSION: Neuroscience patients have varying degrees of pain based on many factors. Various countries have religious, spiritual, and cultural traditions that influence the reporting and management of pain. Pain assessment and management can be challenging, especially for the neuroscience nurses around the world.
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Sugragan C, Sirintawat N, Kiattavornchareon S, Khoo LK, Kc K, Wongsirichat N. Do corticosteroids reduce postoperative pain following third molar intervention? J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2020; 20:281-291. [PMID: 33195806 PMCID: PMC7644360 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2020.20.5.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids have been widely used by oral surgeons for reducing swelling caused by wisdom teeth surgery. However, they have not been proven to decrease pain. This study was aimed at analyzing previous studies pertaining to corticosteroids and pain reduction following wisdom teeth surgery. Methods The Science Direct, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant journals according to a systematic search strategy (Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome Study). Randomized controlled trials published in English from 1998 to 2017 were extracted. Results Twenty-seven articles were included, with a total of 36 comparative cases. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone were the most commonly used corticosteroids. Intramuscular injections of corticosteroids were optimal for pain reduction, regardless of the time of administration. Conclusions Corticosteroids can be used as an adjuvant for pain reduction following wisdom teeth surgery. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone delivered via the intramuscular route is the best method for effective pain reduction. The ideal time for administration of corticosteroids is the preoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chollathit Sugragan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapong Sirintawat
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Lee Kian Khoo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kumar Kc
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthamet Wongsirichat
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wilson P, Dzansi G, Ohene LA. 'I don't want to think about it': Psychosocial experiences of road traffic accident survivors in Ghana. Int Emerg Nurs 2020; 53:100935. [PMID: 33035880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Road traffic injuries are among the top ten traumatic events that affect the psychosocial wellbeing and quality of life of survivors. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of road traffic accident survivors in Ghana, a low-middle-income country in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS The study adopted an interpretive qualitative research design. Thirteen (13) participants were purposively selected from the Accident Centre of the largest public teaching hospital in Ghana. Data collection employed in-depth face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured guide. Data analysis occurred concurrently using thematic analysis methods. The right to participate or withdraw from study was protected. FINDINGS Three major themes deductively generated from the research were cognitive experiences, affective responses and social experiences of Road Traffic Accident survivors. Nearly all survivors of road traffic accidents experience repetitive episodes of intrusive thoughts, nightmares, anxiety and other extreme emotions suggesting post-traumatic stress, which is often unrecognized. CONCLUSION Immediate reactions of survivors of road traffic accident are affected by their experiences, accessibility of support, and the responses of the larger community. We propose that a focused assessment and management of accident survivors for post-traumatic disorder be included in existing care modalities to promote a holistic care and recovery for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Wilson
- Department of Accidents and Emergency, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Guggisberg Avenue, P. O. Box 77, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gladys Dzansi
- Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Lilian Akorfa Ohene
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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Sharma S, Breckons M, Brönnimann Lambelet B, Chung J, List T, Lobbezoo F, Nixdorf DR, Oyarzo JF, Peck C, Tsukiyama Y, Ohrbach R. Challenges in the clinical implementation of a biopsychosocial model for assessment and management of orofacial pain. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47:87-100. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology Malmö University Malmö Sweden
| | | | - Ben Brönnimann Lambelet
- Psychiatric Services of District Aargau Ambulatory Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Aarau Switzerland
| | - Jin‐Woo Chung
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Thomas List
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology Malmö University Malmö Sweden
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Donald R. Nixdorf
- Division of TMD and Orofacial Pain, School of Dentistry University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Juan Fernando Oyarzo
- TMD and Orofacial Pain, Faculty of Odontology Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Christopher Peck
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Sydney Surry Hills NSW Australia
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukiyama
- Section of Dental Education, Faculty of Dental Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Richard Ohrbach
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
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Chatchumni M, Namvongprom A, Eriksson H, Mazaheri M. Engagement and availability in shaping nurses' management of postoperative pain: a qualitative study. Electron Physician 2018; 10:7235-7242. [PMID: 30214707 PMCID: PMC6122866 DOI: 10.19082/7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies reporting inadequate nursing care for patients indicate that nurses are negatively affected in such situations, and research is needed to study nursing care in postoperative situations. Objective To describe situations of postoperative pain management in a surgical ward in Thailand. Methods A qualitative approach using the Critical Incident Technique was chosen to investigate situations of postoperative pain management from the perspective of surgical nurses in Thailand. Data were collected through multiple semi-structured interviews with nine nurses over a five-week period. Results The situations of surgical nurses described three elements that heavily influenced the quality of postoperative pain management: engagement in a trustful nurse-patient relationship, availability of pain medication and nursing care when needed, and imbalance between meeting the patient’s needs and completing routine nursing duties. Conclusion The results help to expand our understanding of how Thai nurses manage pain in postoperative situations and indicate areas that could be improved in terms of how nurses respond to patients’ pain. Nurses challenge existing guidelines and facilitate development of new nursing guidelines and/or policies in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaporn Chatchumni
- RN, PhD, Senior lecturer, School of Nursing, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ampaporn Namvongprom
- RN, PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Henrik Eriksson
- RN, PhD, Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monir Mazaheri
- RN, PhD, Senior lecturer, Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Larsen MK, Kofod T, Christiansen AE, Starch-Jensen T. Different Dosages of Corticosteroid and Routes of Administration in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: a Systematic Review. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2018; 9:e1. [PMID: 30116513 PMCID: PMC6090248 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2018.9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the present systematic review was to test the hypothesis of no difference in facial swelling, pain and trismus after surgical removal of mandibular third molar with different dosages of corticosteroids and administration routes. Material and Methods A MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase database and Cochrane Library search in combination with a hand-search of relevant journals was conducted by including randomized controlled trials published in English until 1st December 2017. Results Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Considerable variation in the included studies prevented meta-analysis from being performed. Preoperative submucosal injection of corticosteroids significantly diminishes facial swelling, pain and trismus compared with placebo. However, different dosages of corticosteroid and administration routes reveal contrary results indicating that administration of a higher dosage of corticosteroids do not necessarily cause a further decrease in facial swelling, pain and trismus. Conclusions Consequently, the optimal dosage of corticosteroids and administration route for diminishing postsurgical morbidity and improve quality of life after surgical removal of mandibular third molar is presently unknown. Therefore, further well-designed randomized clinical trials including a standardised protocol, patient-reported outcome measures and three-dimensional analysis of facial swelling is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kjærgaard Larsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, AalborgDenmark
| | - Thomas Kofod
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ann-Eva Christiansen
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Starch-Jensen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, AalborgDenmark
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Menlah A, Garti I, Amoo SA, Atakro CA, Amponsah C, Agyare DF. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Postoperative Pain Management by Nurses in Selected District Hospitals in Ghana. SAGE Open Nurs 2018; 4:2377960818790383. [PMID: 33415201 PMCID: PMC7774443 DOI: 10.1177/2377960818790383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is documented evidence pointing to the fact that there are numerous challenges with postoperative pain (POP) management globally. However, these challenges with POP management are more profound in developing countries. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses concerning POP management in four selected district hospitals in Ghana. METHODOLOGY A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was employed to evaluate nurse's knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to POP management. Multistaged sampling was used to draw the respondents. An adapted version of the Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain instrument was used to test the knowledge, attitude, and practices of nurses and midwives. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in order to present quantitative descriptions of variables in this study. RESULTS This study showed that nurses in the four district hospitals had knowledge deficits regarding POP management. Eighty-one representing 48% of nurses had low knowledge on POP management. An overwhelming majority of nurses (97.6%) relied on routinely rendered basic nursing skills to relieve POP and a few used pharmacological interventions. However, nurses had good attitudes toward POP management. CONCLUSIONS POP is ineffectively managed by nurses in district hospitals in Ghana. Nurses and midwives in Ghana need to adhere to best practices in POP management by increasing their theoretical and practical knowledge, so that there will be tangible positive change in POP management in Ghana. RECOMMENDATIONS Nurses must be empowered through continuous development programs to keep abreast with changing trends that pertain to POP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awube Menlah
- Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Adenta, Ghana
| | - Isabella Garti
- Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Adenta, Ghana
| | - Sarah Ama Amoo
- Intensive Care Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | | | - Caleb Amponsah
- Department of Nursing, Valley View University, Adenta, Ghana
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Treating without Seeing: Pain Management Practice in a Thai Context. Pain Res Manag 2016; 2016:9580626. [PMID: 28044071 PMCID: PMC5156806 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9580626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pain management is a core nursing function, and it plays a key role in postoperative care. It is important to understand the cultural context of nursing practices and how this affects effective pain management. The aim of this study was to describe the professional and cultural framework within which pain management is practiced on a Thai surgical ward. Spradley's ethnographic methodology was used. Data were collected through 98.5 hours of field observations and interviews at a surgical ward in Thailand. Three themes were constructed that describe the way Thai nurses practiced pain management: (i) complex communications system to address pain and to respond to it, (ii) the essence of Thai-ness, and (iii) a passive approach to pain management. The results indicate that, in the response to discomfort and pain, better pain management will result if there is a shift from functional to patient-centered care. The nursing culture needs to be further researched and discussed, in order to set priorities in line with the goals of national and international organizations for improving postoperative care and promoting patient comfort.
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Aziato L, Dedey F, Marfo K, Asamani JA, Clegg-Lamptey JNA. Validation of three pain scales among adult postoperative patients in Ghana. BMC Nurs 2015; 14:42. [PMID: 26265901 PMCID: PMC4531519 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-015-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain assessment is an important component of pain management and health professionals require valid tools to assess pain to guide their pain management decisions. The study sought to select, develop, and validate context-appropriate unidimensional pain scales for pain assessment among adult post-operative patients. METHODS A mixed methods design was adopted. The study was conducted at two hospitals in Accra, Ghana. The qualitative phase involved 17 patients and 25 nurses, and the quantitative phase involved 150 post-operative patients. Qualitative data was collected iteratively through individual interviews and focus groups. RESULTS Two existing pain scales (0-10 Numeric Rating Scale [NRS] and Wong-Baker FACES [FPS] scales) and one new pain scale (Colour-Circle Pain Scale-[CCPS]) were validated. The psychometric properties of the three scales were assessed when patients had fully recovered from anesthesia. The CCPS had higher scale preference than NRS and FPS. Convergent validity was very good and significant (0.70-0.75). Inter-rater reliability was high (0.923-0.928) and all the scales were sensitive to change in the intensity or level of pain experienced before and after analgesia such as paracetamol and diclofenac suppositories, injectable pethidine, and oral tramadol had been administered. CONCLUSION Using a valid tool for pain assessment gives the clinician an objective criterion for pain management. Due to the subjective nature of pain, consideration of socio-cultural factors for the particular context ensures that the appropriate tool is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Aziato
- />Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- />School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Florence Dedey
- />Department of Surgery, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kissinger Marfo
- />Public Health Unit (Biostatistics), Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
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Aziato L, Clegg-Lamptey JNA. Breast cancer diagnosis and factors influencing treatment decisions in Ghana. Health Care Women Int 2014; 36:543-57. [PMID: 24750095 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2014.911299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Researchers in this study explored the reactions of women with breast cancer and identified factors influencing treatment decisions. A qualitative exploratory approach was employed. Participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital and a breast cancer support group. Purposive sampling recruited 12 women. It was found that women identified breast lesions accidentally or intentionally and that diagnosis was delayed. Emotional reactions to diagnosis included shock and sadness. Factors that influenced treatment were the influence of other people, alternative sources of treatment, faith and support, knowledge, "tuning the mind," and effects on intimacy. Health professionals should develop effective communication and counseling skills for clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Aziato
- a School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences , University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana
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