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Westmore MR, Huang H. The Moderation Effect of Disability Status on the Associations Among ACEs, Mental Health, and Binge Drinking. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2024; 21:412-430. [PMID: 38225878 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2024.2303005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health and substance use social workers must be prepared to work with people with disabilities, as this population has higher rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and ACEs can lead to mental health and substance use problems. The study's purpose is to assess the moderating effect of disability on the interrelationships among ACEs, mental health, and binge drinking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, we first used multigroup confirmatory factor analysis to establish the underlying factor structure of the ACEs questionnaire for respondents with and without disabilities. Next, we used multigroup structural equation modeling to assess the mediating effect of mental health difficulties on the association between ACEs and binge drinking for respondents with and without disabilities. RESULTS A three-factor measurement model (emotional or physical abuse, sexual abuse, and household dysfunction) demonstrated excellent model fits. Mental health difficulties significantly mediated the association between ACEs and binge drinking for all respondents. Disability status was a statistically significant moderator of a few associations, with more mental health variance explained by ACEs for the disabled respondents. Direct paths showed household dysfunction and sexual abuse had greater impacts on mental health for disabled respondents, and indirect paths showed these factors also had greater impacts on binge drinking among disabled respondents. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION To prevent mental health and binge drinking problems among disabled individuals, we need evidence-based interventions to identify their ACEs and provide accessible, trauma-informed treatments to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Westmore
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA
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Yesmin MF, Chowdhury MRK, Bornee FA, Kader M, Mondal MNI, Hossain M, Rashid M. Urban-rural difference in factors associated with childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1270853. [PMID: 38026377 PMCID: PMC10652778 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1270853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Early childhood functional difficulty poses a substantial worldwide public health challenge, leading to adverse effects on children's quality of life and overall productivity. Moreover, it represents a significant social and economic problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify factors contributing to childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh within the context of urban-rural areas. Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional survey data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 2019 in Bangladesh was used in this study. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with childhood functional difficulty. Results Functional difficulties were found in approximately 3.3% of children 2-4 years of age in urban areas and 2.5% in rural areas. Having a mother with functional difficulties and undernutrition were identified as significant factors common in both urban and rural areas. Further, mothers who had no formal education (AOR = 2.76, 95%CI = 1.18-6.45) and experienced infant death (AOR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.01-3.70) were identified as significant factors of functional difficulty in urban areas. On the other hand, in rural areas, no access to mass media, children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.39-3.28), female sex (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.53-0.91), child undernutrition (AOR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.32-2.27) and poorer socio-economic status (AOR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.08-3.55) were found significant factors. Conclusion Functional difficulty was found to be present in one out of every 35 children age 2 to 4 years in Bangladesh. Childhood functional difficulties were reported slightly higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Reducing childhood difficulties in urban areas demands comprehensive strategies: quality healthcare, inclusive education, community support, better information systems, and collaboration. To achieve urban-rural parity in child health, address disparities in economic development, healthcare, and education, especially for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Farjana Yesmin
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rocky Khan Chowdhury
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, First Capital University of Bangladesh, Chuadanga, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Farzana Akhter Bornee
- Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manzur Kader
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Md Nazrul Islam Mondal
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Wang L, Ji C, Kitchen P, Williams A. Social participation and depressive symptoms of carer-employees of older adults in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 112:927-937. [PMID: 34114195 PMCID: PMC8523635 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study used two waves of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to investigate the association between social participation and depressive symptoms in carer-employees (CEs) and non-carer-employees (NCEs). Methods Adopting Pearlin et al.’s stress model, multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationships among carer role, social participation, and depressive symptoms in Canadian employees using the first two waves of CLSA data, while controlling for possible confounders. Results Higher levels of social participation were found to be associated with lower depressive symptoms in both waves. Social participation was found to moderate depressive symptoms for CEs when compared with NCEs in Wave 2 but not in Wave 1. Conclusion The present study highlights the importance of social participation in reducing CEs’ depressive symptoms. The findings provide support for innovative policy and intervention efforts to encourage and enhance social participation at work via carer-friendly workplace policies for CEs across Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Offord Centre for Child Study & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Ji
- Department of Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Kitchen
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Allison Williams
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Crabb C, Owen R, Stober K, Heller T. Longitudinal appraisals of family caregiving for people with disabilities enrolled in Medicaid managed care. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2287-2294. [PMID: 30696289 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1557266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To longitudinally examine the impact of public family support on appraisals of caregiving burden, satisfaction, and self-efficacy among families of adults with disabilities.Background: Little research exists on family support and the family experience within Medicaid managed care across disabilities and longitudinally.Method: Illinois Medicaid managed care enrollees with disabilities and their family members completed surveys over 2 years. Only families and enrollees who lived together were included (N = 182 pairs).Results: Family members with more unmet family support needs had increased caregiving burden and decreased satisfaction and self-efficacy. Family members providing more unpaid care reported higher burden. Black family members had significantly lower burden, and parents had significantly lower satisfaction and self-efficacy. Family members of enrollees with intellectual and developmental disabilities had higher self-efficacy.Conclusion: Family support is important to caregiving appraisals.Implications: There is a need for including family needs for services within assessments for services and within policy.Implications for rehabilitationFamilies provide a substantial amount of care for their family members with disabilities.More family support for family caregivers of people with disabilities is related to better caregiving appraisals within Medicaid managed care.Family caregiver support needs should be taken into account within policy and service assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Crabb
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Randall Owen
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaitlin Stober
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tamar Heller
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Namkung EH, Greenberg JS, Mailick MR, Floyd FJ. Lifelong Parenting of Adults With Developmental Disabilities: Growth Trends Over 20 Years in Midlife and Later Life. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 123:228-240. [PMID: 29671639 PMCID: PMC6442468 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-123.3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This research examined how parenting adults with developmental disabilities affects parental well-being beyond midlife and into old age. Parents of adults with developmental disabilities ( n = 249) and parents of adults without disabilities ( n = 9,016), studied in their early 50s and mid-60s, were longitudinally tracked into their early 70s. Compared to parents of adults without disabilities, parents of adults with disabilities showed a pattern of normative functioning in their 50s, followed by poorer well-being in their mid-60s, and further declines in health and well-being into the early 70s. Aging parents who co-resided with their adult child with disabilities were particularly vulnerable, experiencing a steeper increase in depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) than parents whose child with disabilities lived away from home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Namkung
- Eun Ha Namkung, School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison; The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University
| | - Jan S Greenberg
- Jan S. Greenberg, School of Social Work and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Marsha R Mailick
- Marsha R. Mailick, School of Social Work and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; and
| | - Frank J Floyd
- Frank J. Floyd, Psychology Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Brennan D, Murphy R, McCallion P, McCarron M. "What's going to happen when we're gone?" Family caregiving capacity for older people with an intellectual disability in Ireland. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:226-235. [PMID: 28665022 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing family sociodemographic factors, increased life expectancy for people with an intellectual disability, deinstitutionalization and policy prioritization of the family as the principal care provider, presents new challenges to care sustainability. METHOD A qualitative study design was employed, entailing focus groups and semistructured interviews, with purposive sampling via the parent study population of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Database on Ageing. RESULTS The traditional sociodemographic facilitators of family caregiving are in rapid decline. Families perceived limited support from services and limited future care options. Few future care plans have been formulated. A strong possibility exists of placement of older family members with an intellectual disability in out-of-family home care. CONCLUSION To anticipate and provide for quality care supports, there is a need to establish proactive initiatives, for both people with an intellectual disability and their families', to facilitate the early formation of long-term care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brennan
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Murphy
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip McCallion
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Community Wellness, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA
| | - Mary McCarron
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Namkung EH, Song J, Greenberg JS, Mailick MR, Floyd FJ. The Relative Risk of Divorce in Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities: Impacts of Lifelong Parenting. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 120:514-526. [PMID: 26505872 PMCID: PMC4624231 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-120.6.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We prospectively examined the risk of divorce in 190 parents of children with developmental disabilities compared to 7,251 parents of children without disabilities based on a random sample drawn from the community and followed longitudinally for over 50 years. A significant interaction between the parental group status and number of children was found: In the comparison group, having a larger number of children was related to an increased risk of divorce, whereas the number of children did not increase divorce risk among parents of children with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Namkung
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Social Work, 1350 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jieun Song
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jan S. Greenberg
- School of Social Work and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1350 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marsha R. Mailick
- Waisman Center and School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Frank J. Floyd
- Psychology Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki C-400, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Fairthorne J, Hammond G, Bourke J, Jacoby P, Leonard H. Early mortality and primary causes of death in mothers of children with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113430. [PMID: 25535971 PMCID: PMC4275172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mothers of children with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have poorer health than other mothers. Yet no research has explored whether this poorer health is reflected in mortality rates or whether certain causes of death are more likely. We aimed to calculate the hazard ratios for death and for the primary causes of death in mothers of children with intellectual disability or ASD compared to other mothers. Methods The study population comprised all mothers of live-born children in Western Australia from 1983–2005. We accessed state-wide databases which enabled us to link socio-demographic details, birth dates, diagnoses of intellectual disability or ASD in the children and dates and causes of death for all mothers who had died prior to 2011. Using Cox Regression with death by any cause and death by each of the three primary causes as the event of interest, we calculated hazard ratios for death for mothers of children intellectual disability or ASD compared to other mothers. Results and Discussion During the study period, mothers of children with intellectual disability or ASD had more than twice the risk of death. Mothers of children with intellectual disability were 40% more likely to die of cancer; 150% more likely to die of cardiovascular disease and nearly 200% more likely to die from misadventure than other mothers. Due to small numbers, only hazard ratios for cancer were calculated for mothers of children with ASD. These mothers were about 50% more likely to die from cancer than other mothers. Possible causes and implications of our results are discussed. Conclusion Similar studies, pooling data from registries elsewhere, would improve our understanding of factors increasing the mortality of mothers of children with intellectual disability or ASD. This would allow the implementation of informed services and interventions to improve these mothers' longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fairthorne
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Geoff Hammond
- Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenny Bourke
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter Jacoby
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Helen Leonard
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Lunsky Y, Tint A, Robinson S, Gordeyko M, Ouellette-Kuntz H. System-Wide Information About Family Carers of Adults With Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities-A Scoping Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ami Tint
- Department of Psychology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Suzanne Robinson
- Department of Psychology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marcia Gordeyko
- School and Child Clinical Psychology; Ontario Institute for Studies in Education; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz
- Departments of Community Health & Epidemiology and Psychiatry; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
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Ryan A, Taggart L, Truesdale-Kennedy M, Slevin E. Issues in caregiving for older people with intellectual disabilities and their ageing family carers: a review and commentary. Int J Older People Nurs 2013; 9:217-26. [PMID: 23497304 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In keeping with worldwide demographic changes and an ageing population, people with intellectual disabilities are living longer and all the evidence suggest that this trend will continue. This 'new' population of older people and their carers will pose challenges for health and social care providers. AIM This paper presents a review of the literature on key issues influencing caregiving for older people with intellectual disabilities and their ageing family carers. METHODS The review was undertaken using a framework adapted from the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Papers were identified through the use of databases including CINAHL, Science Direct, PsychoInfo, Blackwell Synergy, the Cochrane Library and MEDLINE. FINDINGS The key themes which emerged from the literature and which consequently form the basis of this review include: ageing family carers, future planning and support services. In the context of family caregiving, older people with intellectual disabilities represent a unique group insofar as they are unlikely to be married and therefore have no spouse or dependents to care for them in later life. As a result, parents (usually mothers) have to continue caring for their son or daughter with an intellectual disability as they both grow older, often resulting in a mutually dependent relationship. The caregiving situation is further complicated by poor emergency and future planning and by a lack of appropriate services for this group of individuals. CONCLUSIONS In light of the emergence of a 'new' population of older people with intellectual disabilities, there is an urgent need to develop services and support structures which will enable these individuals and their ageing carers to 'age in place' and when this is no longer possible, to have appropriate alternatives that recognise the duality of their needs as older people and as people with intellectual disabilities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Opportunities for supervision could be one way to increase individuals' awareness of their own role in the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assumpta Ryan
- School of Nursing and Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, UK
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Taggart L, Truesdale-Kennedy M, Ryan A, McConkey R. Examining the support needs of ageing family carers in developing future plans for a relative with an intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2012; 16:217-34. [PMID: 22890999 DOI: 10.1177/1744629512456465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Planning for the future care of adults with an intellectual disability after the main family carer ceases their care, continues to be a sensitive and difficult time posing challenges for service providers internationally. Limited research has been undertaken on this topic because until recently, people with intellectual disability usually pre-deceased their parents. This study examined ageing carers' preferences for future care and the support systems required to make such future plans. METHODS The study was conducted in one region of the United Kingdom with a high proportion of family carers. A mixed methods design was employed. In Stage 1, a structured questionnaire was used to collate information on the health, caregiving demands and future planning preferences of 112 parent and sibling carers; aged 60-94 years. In Stage 2, 19 in-depth semistructured interviews were undertaken with a sample of carers to explore a range of issues around future planning. FINDINGS Over half of the carers were lone carers, mainly female, with many reporting a wide range of health problems. A third of these carers reported that their caregiving resulted in high levels of anxiety. The main preference of the carers was for the person to remain in the family home, with either the family and/or paid staff to support them. A minority of parent carers preferred the person to move into the home of a sibling, although some favoured the person moving to a residential facility with other people with intellectual disabilities. The majority of carers did not want their relative to move into an older people's residential/nursing facility. In the qualitative data, four main themes were identified around future planning: unremitting apprehension, the extent of planning, obstacles encountered and solutions for future planning. Avoidance, lack of guidance and a lack of appropriate residential provision were cited as obstacles to making future plans compounded by the emotional upset experienced by carers in thinking about the future. CONCLUSION Findings of this study clearly identify the emotional, informational and practical supports required by these ageing family carers. These findings have national and international relevance in influencing how governments and service providers support parent and sibling carers to proactively plan for the future, and in the development of both in-home and out-of-home options when a family carer can no longer provide care. This is more urgent than ever given the growing numbers of older persons with intellectual disabilities in future decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Taggart
- Institute of Nursing Research, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.
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Christensen EW, Clinton YC. Demographics and Burden on Caregivers of Seriously Wounded, Ill, and Injured Service Members. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1044207311432314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The media is replete with stories about the impact on families when they drastically alter their lives to provide care to a service member who is seriously wounded, ill, or injured (WII), though few studies have systematically examined these impacts. Using a 2008 survey of seriously WII service members, the authors found that 27% of caregivers provided an average of more than 40 hr of care per week, 64% of caregivers have provided care for more than a year, and 50% expected they may need to provide care over the long term. The probit and ordered probit results show that significant others (such as a spouse, fiancée, or girlfriend) bear a greater caregiving burden in both intensity and duration compared to other caregivers. The results also show that duration of caregiving for Reserve Component service members is greater than for Active Component service members.
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Chou YC, Pu CY, Fu LY, Kröger T. Depressive symptoms in older female carers of adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2010; 54:1031-44. [PMID: 20977514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This survey study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among primary older female family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHOD In total, 350 female family carers aged 55 and older took part and completed the interview in their homes. The survey package contained standardised scales to assess carer self-reported depressive symptoms, social support, caregiving burden and disease and health, as well as adult and carer sociodemographic information. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify the factors associated with high depressive symptoms in carers. RESULTS Between 64% and 72% of these carers were classified as having high depressive symptoms. The factors associated with carer self-reported depressive symptoms were carer physical health, social support and caregiving burden; overall, the carer self-reported physical health was a stronger factor associated with depressive symptoms than their physical disease status. The level of the adult with ID's behavioural functioning and the carer age, marital status, employment status, education level and the family income level were not significantly associated with carer depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The factors identified in this study as correlating with self-reported depressive symptoms suggest that researchers and mental health professionals should collaborate to help improve the physical health and social support networks of the most vulnerable older female family carers. This should reduce depressive symptoms directly among this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chou
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, Research Center for Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan.
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