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Liu Y, Wu Y, Hu X, Sun Y, Zeng G, Wang Q, Liu S, Sun M. The role of vitamin D receptor in predentin mineralization and dental repair after injury. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:343-351. [PMID: 38492000 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Dentin is a permeable and complex tubular composite formed by the mineralization of predentin that mineralization and repair are of considerable clinical interest during dentin homeostasis. The role of Vdr, a receptor of vitamin D, in dentin homeostasis remains unexplored. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of Vdr on predentin mineralization and dental repair. Vdr-knockout (Vdr-/-) mice models were constructed; histology and immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted for both WT and Vdr-/- mice. The finding revealed a thicker predentin in Vdr-/- mice, characterized by higher expression of biglycan and decorin. A dental injury model was employed to observe tertiary dentin formation in Vdr-/- mice with dental injuries. Results showed that tertiary dentin was harder to form in Vdr-/- mice with dental injury. Over time, heightened pulp invasion was observed at the injury site in Vdr-/- mice. Expression of biglycan and decorin was reduced in the predentin at the injury site in the Vdr-/- mice by immunohistochemistry. Taken together, our results imply that Vdr plays a regulatory role in predentin mineralization and tertiary dentin formation during dentin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yinlin Wu
- Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Guojin Zeng
- Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China.
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 287 Chuang Huai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China.
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China.
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Huang Y, Zhang Z, Bi F, Tang H, Chen J, Huo F, Chen J, Lan T, Qiao X, Sima X, Guo W. Personalized 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Multiple Bioactivities for Bioroot Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300625. [PMID: 37523260 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in 3D printing offer a prospective avenue for producing transplantable human tissues with complex geometries; however, the appropriate 3D-printed scaffolds possessing the biological compatibility for tooth regeneration remain unidentified. This study proposes a personalized scaffold of multiple bioactivities, including induction of stem cell proliferation and differentiation, biomimetic mineralization, and angiogenesis. A brand-new bioink system comprising a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer is developed and reinforced with extracellular matrix generated from dentin tissue (treated dentin matrix, TDM). Adding TDM optimizes physical properties including microstructure, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength of the scaffolds. Proteomics analysis reveals that the released proteins of the 3D-printed TDM scaffolds relate to multiple biological processes and interact closely with each other. Additionally, 3D-printed TDM scaffolds establish a favorable microenvironment for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. The 3D-printed TDM scaffolds are proangiogenic and facilitate whole-thickness vascularization of the graft in a subcutaneous model. Notably, the personalized TDM scaffold combined with dental follicle cells mimics the anatomy and physiology of the native tooth root three months after in situ transplantation in beagles. The remarkable in vitro and in vivo outcomes suggest that the 3D-printed TDM scaffolds have multiple bioactivities and immense clinical potential for tooth-loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchen Qiao
- Chengdu Guardental Technology Limited Corporation, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiutian Sima
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, P. R. China
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Sultan N, Jayash SN. Evaluation of osteogenic potential of demineralized dentin matrix hydrogel for bone formation. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:247. [PMID: 37118728 PMCID: PMC10148431 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dentin, the bulk material of the tooth, resemble the bone's chemical composition and is considered a valuable bone substitute. In the current study, we assessed the cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) in comparison to HA nanoparticles (n-HA) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) using a hydrogel formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human extracted teeth were minced into particles and treated via chemical demineralization using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution (EDTA) to produce DDM particles. DDM and n-HA particles were added to the sodium alginate then, the combination was dripped into a 5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution to obtain DDM hydrogel (DDMH) or nano-hydroxyapatite hydrogel (NHH). The particles were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the hydrogels were evaluated via scanning electron microscope (SEM). BMMSCs were treated with different hydrogel concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and neat/100%) and cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay after 72 h of culture. Collagen-I (COL-I) gene expression was studied with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) after 3 weeks of culture and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) over 7th, 10th, 14th and 21st days of culture. BMMSCs seeded in a complete culture medium were used as controls. One-way ANOVA was utilized to measure the significant differences in the tested groups. RESULTS DLS measurements revealed that DDM and n-HA particles had negative values of zeta potential. SEM micrographs showed a porous microstructure of the tested hydrogels. The viability results revealed that 100% concentrations of either DDMH or NHH were cytotoxic to BMMSCs after 72 h of culture. However, the cytotoxicity of 25% and 50% concentrations of DDMH were not statistically significant compared to the control group. RT-qPCR showed that COL-I gene expression was significantly upregulated in BMMSCs cultured with 50% DDMH compared to all other treated or control groups (P < 0.01). ELISA analysis revealed that ALP level was significantly increased in the groups treated with 50% DDMH compared to 50% NHH after 21 days in culture (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The injectable hydrogel containing demineralized dentin matrix was successfully formulated. DDMH has a porous structure and has been shown to provide a supporting matrix for the viability and differentiation of BMMSCs. A 50% concentration of DDMH was revealed to be not cytotoxic to BMMSCs and may have a great potential to promote bone formation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma Sultan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Nijakowski K, Ortarzewska M, Jankowski J, Lehmann A, Surdacka A. The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040520. [PMID: 37110177 PMCID: PMC10143950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student's Scientific Group in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Characterization of SIBLING Proteins in the Mineralized Tissues. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080144. [PMID: 36005242 PMCID: PMC9406783 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SIBLING proteins are a family of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) previously thought to be expressed only in dentin but have been demonstrated in other mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. They are believed to play vital roles in both osteogenesis and dentinogenesis. Since they are tightly regulated lifelong processes and involve a peak of mineralization, three different age groups were investigated. Fifteen wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized at ages 1, 3, and 6 months. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) was performed to localize various microscopic structures in the mice mandibles and tibias. The immunostaining pattern was compared using antibodies for dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN). Immunostaining of DSP in tibia showed its most noticeable staining in the 3-month age group. DSP was expressed in alveolar bone, cellular cementum, and PDL. A similar expression of DMP1 was seen in the tibia and dentin. BSP was most noticeably detected in the tibia and acellular cementum. OPN was mainly expressed in the bone. A lower level of OPN was observed at all age groups in the teeth. The immunostaining intensity was the least detected for all proteins in the 6-month tibia sample. The expression patterns of the four SIBLING proteins showed variations in their staining intensity and temporospatial patterning concordant with skeletal and dental maturity. These findings suggest some role in this tightly regulated mineralization process.
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Kang KJ, Choi MJ, Min TJ, You TM, Lee G, Ko SY, Jang YJ. Cell surface accumulation of intracellular leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan 1 enhances odontogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:684-695. [PMID: 35859453 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dental pulp cells can be differentiated into odontoblast-like cells, which are responsible for dentin formation and mineralization. Successful differentiation of primary dental pulp cells can be verified using a few markers. However, odontoblast-specific cell surface markers have not been fully studied yet. LEucine PRoline-Enriched Proteoglycan 1 (LEPRE1) is a basement membrane-associated proteoglycan. LEPRE1 protein levels are increased during odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Intracellular and cell surface accumulation of this protein completely disappeared during dentin maturation and mineralization. Cell surface binding of an anti-LEPRE1 monoclonal antibody that could recognize an extracellular region was gradually increased in the odontoblastic stage. Overexpression and knock-down experiments showed that accumulation of intracellular LEPRE1 could lead to inefficient odontoblastic differentiation and that the movement of LEPRE1 from intracellular region to the cell surface was required for odontoblastic differentiation. Indeed, when LEPRE1 already located on the cell surface was blocked by the anti-LEPRE1 monoclonal antibody, odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells was inhibited. In this study, we looked at other aspects of LEPRE1 function as a cell surface molecule rather than its known intracellular hydroxylase activity. Our results indicate that this protein has potential as a specific cell surface marker in odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jung Kang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Min-Jeong Choi
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae-Jun Min
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Tae Min You
- Dankook University College of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Gyutae Lee
- Yonsei Wooil Dental Hospital, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Seon-Yle Ko
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, Dept. Nanobiomedical Science, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of).,Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of);
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Takeuchi K, Ohshima H. Role of chondroitin sulfate in the developmental and healing process of the dental pulp in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:133-148. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, de Almeida AB, Chavez MB, Salmon CR, Mofatto LS, Camara-Souza MB, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Novaes PD, Santos ECA, Kantovitz KR, Foster BL, Nociti FH. Orthodontic tooth movement alters cementocyte ultrastructure and cellular cementum proteome signature. Bone 2021; 153:116139. [PMID: 34364013 PMCID: PMC8478897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cementum is a mineralized tissue that covers tooth roots and functions in the periodontal attachment complex. Cementocytes, resident cells of cellular cementum, share many characteristics with osteocytes, are mechanoresponsive cells that direct bone remodeling based on changes in loading. We hypothesized that cementocytes play a key role during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). To test this hypothesis, we used 8-week-old male Wistar rats in a model of OTM for 2, 7, or 14 days (0.5 N), whereas unloaded contralateral teeth served as controls. Tissue and cell responses were analyzed by high-resolution micro-computed tomography, histology, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining for odontoclasts/osteoclasts, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, laser capture microdissection was used to collect cellular cementum, and extracted proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The OTM model successfully moved first molars mesially more than 250 μm by 14 days introducing apoptosis in a small number of cementocytes and areas of root resorption on mesial and distal aspects. Cementocytes showed increased nuclear size and proportion of euchromatin suggesting cellular activity. Proteomic analysis identified 168 proteins in cellular cementum with 21 proteins found only in OTM sites and 54 proteins only present in control samples. OTM-down-regulated several extracellular matrix proteins, including decorin, biglycan, asporin, and periostin, localized to cementum and PDL by immunostaining. Furthermore, type IV collagen (COL14A1) was the protein most down-regulated (-45-fold) by OTM and immunolocalized to cells at the cementum-dentin junction. Eleven keratins were significantly increased by OTM, and a pan-keratin antibody indicated keratin localization primarily in epithelial remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. These experiments provide new insights into biological responses of cementocytes and cellular cementum to OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis J Lira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda B de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, N. Sra. do Patrocínio University Center, Itu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Mofatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Barbosa Camara-Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Prosthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Duarte Novaes
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C A Santos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila R Kantovitz
- Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Stability and remineralization of proteoglycan-infused dentin substrate. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1724-1733. [PMID: 34538503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the effects of small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) proteins on phosphoric acid (PA)-treated dentin bonding overtime and the role of such SLRPs in the remineralization potential of demineralized dentin collagen. METHODS Coronal dentin sections of human molars were used. SLRPs were either decorin (DCN) or biglycan (BGN) in core or proteoglycan form (with glycosaminoglycans, GAGs). Groups were: No treatment (control), DCN core, DCN + GAGs, BGN core, BGN + GAGs. Samples were etched with PA for 15 s and prior to application of Adper Single Bond Plus and composite buildup an aliquot of the specific SLRPs was applied over dentin. Twenty-four hours or 6 months after the bonding procedure, samples were tested for microtensile bond strength (MTBS). Debonded beams were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For remineralization studies, dentin blocks were fully demineralized, infused with the SLRPs, placed in artificial saliva for 2 weeks, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS MTBS test presented a mean of 51.4 ± 9.1 MPa in control with no statistically significant difference to DCN core (47.6 ± 8.3) and BGN core (48.3 ± 6.5). The full proteoglycan groups DCN + GAGs (27.4 ± 4.5) and BGN + GAGs (36.4 ± 13.6) showed decreased MTBS compared to control (p < 0.001). At 6 months, control or core-treated samples did not have a statistically significant difference in MTBS. However, SLRPs with GAGs showed statistically significant improvement of bonding (62.5 ± 6.0 for DCN and 52.8 ± 8.1 for BGN, p < 0.001) compared to their baseline values. SEM showed that GAGs seem to favor water retention but overtime help remineralization. TEM of demineralized dentin indicated a larger collagen fibril diameter pattern of samples treated with core proteins compared to control and a smaller diameter with DCN + GAGs in water with evidence of mineralization with DCN + GAGS, BGN core and BGN + GAGs. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, core proteins seem not to affect dentin adhesion significantly but the presence of GAGs can be detrimental to immediate bonding. However, after ageing of samples, full proteoglycans, particularly DCN, can significantly improve bonding overtime while promoting remineralization which can prove to be clinically beneficial.
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Kao YH, Igarashi N, Abduweli Uyghurturk D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ohshima H, MacDougall M, Takano Y, Den Besten P, Nakano Y. Fluoride Alters Signaling Pathways Associated with the Initiation of Dentin Mineralization in Enamel Fluorosis Susceptible Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3021-3034. [PMID: 33113116 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride can alter the formation of mineralized tissues, including enamel, dentin, and bone. Dentin fluorosis occurs in tandem with enamel fluorosis. However, the pathogenesis of dentin fluorosis and its mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we report the effects of fluoride on the initiation of dentin matrix formation and odontoblast function. Mice from two enamel fluorosis susceptible strains (A/J and C57BL/6J) were given either 0 or 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water for 4 weeks. In both mouse strains, there was no overall change in dentin thickness, but fluoride treatment resulted in a significant increase in the thickness of the predentin layer. The lightly mineralized layer (LL), which lies at the border between predentin and fully mineralized dentin and is associated with dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), was absent in fluoride exposed mice. Consistent with a possible reduction of DPP, fluoride-treated mice showed reduced immunostaining for dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Fluoride reduced RUNX2, the transcription regulator of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), that is cleaved to form both DPP and DSP. In fluoride-treated mouse odontoblasts, the effect of fluoride was further seen in the upstream of RUNX2 as the reduced nuclear translocation of β-catenin and phosphorylated p65/NFκB. In vitro, MD10-F2 pre-odontoblast cells showed inhibition of the Dspp mRNA level in the presence of 10 μM fluoride, and qPCR analysis showed a significantly downregulated level of mRNAs for RUNX2, β-catenin, and Wnt10b. These findings indicate that in mice, systemic exposure to excess fluoride resulted in reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in differentiating odontoblasts to downregulate DSPP production via RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsing Kao
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nanase Igarashi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dawud Abduweli Uyghurturk
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mary MacDougall
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yoshiro Takano
- Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
- Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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Kram V, Shainer R, Jani P, Meester JAN, Loeys B, Young MF. Biglycan in the Skeleton. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:747-762. [PMID: 32623936 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420937371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including Biglycan, have key roles in many organ and tissue systems. The goal of this article is to review the function of Biglycan and other related SLRPs in mineralizing tissues of the skeleton. The review is divided into sections that include Biglycan's role in structural biology, signaling, craniofacial and long bone homeostasis, remodeled skeletal tissues, and in human genetics. While many cell types in the skeleton are now known to be affected by Biglycan, there are still unanswered questions about its mechanism of action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reut Shainer
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Priyam Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephina A N Meester
- Laboratory of Cardiogenetics, Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Laboratory of Cardiogenetics, Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Lopes F, Sousa-Neto M, Akkus A, Silva R, Queiroz AD, Oliveira HD, Roperto R. Effect of different solutions in reversing the damage caused by radiotherapy in dentin structure. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e488-e494. [PMID: 32388525 PMCID: PMC7338064 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that radiotherapy of the head and neck region can cause direct changes in dental structure. This study evaluated the effect of different solutions on the dentin chemical composition and collagen structure of irradiated dentin.
Material and Methods Sixty maxillary canines were distributed in 2 groups (n=30): non-irradiated and irradiated (radiotherapy: X-rays of 6 MV in 30 cycles of 2 Gy to 60 Gy). The teeth were sectioned, sanded, and polished to obtain 3x3x2 mm fragments, which were redistributed in 3 subgroups (n=10) according to the treatment employed: chlorhexidine 2% (CL), chitosan 0.2% (QT), and 0.5 M carbodiimide (EDC). The samples were analyzed in FTIR at time zero (T0-control) and after 1 (T1), 3 (T3), and 5 (T5) minutes of immersion in the tested solutions. The data for the areas of the carbonate (C), amide I (AI) bands, and the ratio between the areas of the amide III/proline and hydroxyproline (AIII/PH) bands were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=5%).
Results QT showed lower C values at T1, T3, and T5 (P<0.0001), presenting lower values when compared to CL and EDC subgroups (P<0.05). AI values at T3 and T5 were higher than T0-control and T1, independently of the radiotherapy and dentin treatment factors (P<0.05). At T0-control, the AIII/PH ratio was lower in the irradiated group (P<0.05), whereas the EDC treatment at T1, T3, and T5 and QT at T3 and T5 increased these values (P<0.05), making them similar to non-irradiated subgroups (P>0.05).
Conclusions Radiotherapy changes the secondary structure of collagen, and EDC was able to restore collagen integrity after 1 minute of immersion, without changing dentin inorganic composition. Key words:Radiotherapy, collagen, dentin, FTIR, chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lopes
- Department of Comprehensive Care School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
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13
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Glycosaminoglycans accelerate biomimetic collagen mineralization in a tissue-based in vitro model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12636-12642. [PMID: 32461359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914899117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian teeth are attached to the jawbone through an exquisitely controlled mineralization process: unmineralized collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament anchor directly into the outer layer of adjoining mineralized tissues (cementum and bone). The sharp interface between mineralized and nonmineralized collagenous tissues makes this an excellent model to study the mechanisms by which extracellular matrix macromolecules control collagen mineralization. While acidic phosphoproteins, localized in the mineralized tissues, play key roles in control of mineralization, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is less clear. As several proteoglycans are found only in the periodontal ligament, it has been hypothesized that these inhibit mineralization of collagen in this tissue. Here we used an in vitro model based on remineralization of mouse dental tissues to determine the role of matrix GAGs in control of mineralization. GAGs were selectively removed from demineralized mouse periodontal sections via enzymatic digestion. Proteomic analysis confirmed that enzymatic GAG removal does not significantly alter protein content. Analysis of remineralized tissue sections by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that GAG removal reduced the rate of remineralization in mineralized tissues compared to the untreated control, while the ligament remained unmineralized. Protein removal with trypsin also reduced the rate of mineralization, but to a lesser extent than GAG removal, despite a much larger effect on protein content. These results indicate that GAGs promote mineralization in mineralized dental tissues rather than inhibiting mineral formation in the ligament, which may have broader implications for understanding control of collagen mineralization in connective tissues.
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14
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Madhumitha D, Vaidyanathan V, Dhathathreyan A. Plasticity or elasticity? Relating elastic moduli with secondary structural features of mixed films of polypeptides at air/fluid and fluid/solid interfaces. Biophys Chem 2020; 258:106329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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He H, Shao C, Mu Z, Mao C, Sun J, Chen C, Tang R, Gu X. Promotion effect of immobilized chondroitin sulfate on intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115547. [PMID: 31826527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is widespread in mineralized tissues and is considered to play crucial roles during the mineralization process. However, its role in biomineralization remains controversial. In the present study, CS is immobilized to collagen fibrils to mimic its state in biomineralization. The results demonstrate that immobilized CS on collagen fibrils accelerates calcium phosphate nucleation and significantly promotes collagen mineralization by accumulating calcium ions in collagen fibrils. The stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy results confirm that CS gives the specific nucleation sites for calcium phosphate to preferentially form, the improved intrafibrillar heterogeneous nucleation of calcium phosphate facilitates intrafibrillar mineralization. It is found remarkably accelerated remineralization of CS immobilized demineralized dentin is achieved. This study offers insight on the understanding of the function of the biomacromolecule CS on the biomineralization front. In addition, CS effectively promotes intrafibrillar mineralization, which highlights fine prospect for CS to reconstruct collagen-mineralized tissues as a natural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui He
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
| | - Changyu Shao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
| | - Zhao Mu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Gu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
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16
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Leskovar T, Beaumont J, Lisić N, McGalliard S. Auditory ossicles: a potential biomarker for maternal and infant health in utero. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:367-377. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1639824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Leskovar
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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17
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Li J, Yang H, Lu Q, Chen D, Zhou M, Kuang Y, Ying S, Song J. Proteomics and N‐glycoproteomics analysis of an extracellular matrix‐based scaffold‐human treated dentin matrix. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1164-1177. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Department of Dental ResearchThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Duanjing Chen
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Yunchun Kuang
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Siqi Ying
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of StomatologyChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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18
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Xiong Y, Fang Y, Qian Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Huang H, Huang H, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Dong M, Qiu M, Zhu XJ, Zhang Z. Wnt Production in Dental Epithelium Is Crucial for Tooth Differentiation. J Dent Res 2019; 98:580-588. [PMID: 30894046 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519835194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt ligands display varied spatiotemporal expression in the epithelium and mesenchyme in the developing tooth. Thus far, the actions of these differentially expressed Wnt ligands on tooth development are not clear. Shh expression specifies the odontogenic epithelium during initiation and is consistently restricted to the dental epithelium during tooth development. In this study, we inactivate Wntless ( Wls), the key regulator for Wnt trafficking, by Shh-Cre to investigate how the Wnt ligands produced in the dental epithelium lineage act on tooth development. We find that conditional knockout of Wls by Shh-Cre leads to defective ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation. WlsShh-Cre teeth display reduced canonical Wnt signaling activity in the inner enamel epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme at the early bell stage, as exhibited by target gene expression and BAT-gal staining. The expression of Wnt5a and Wnt10b is not changed in WlsShh-Cre teeth. By contrast, Wnt10a expression is significantly increased in response to epithelial Wls deficiency. In addition, the expression of Hedgehog signaling pathway components Shh, Gli1, and Patched1 was greatly decreased in WlsShh-Cre teeth. Epithelial Wls loss of function in Shh lineage also leads to aberrant cell proliferation in dental epithelium and mesenchyme at embryonic day 16.5; however, the cell apoptosis is unaffected. Moreover, we find that Decorin and Col1a1, the key markers for odontoblast differentiation that are downregulated in WlsShh-Cre teeth, act as direct downstream targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Additionally, Decorin and Col1a1 expression can be increased by lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment in the in vitro tooth explants. Taken together, our results suggest that the spatial expression of Wnt ligands within the dental epithelial lineage regulates the differentiation of tooth structures in later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiong
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Fang
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Qian
- 2 Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Liu
- 3 The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Yang
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Huang
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Huang
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Li
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Zhang
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Zhang
- 4 Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane Medical Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Dong
- 2 Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - M Qiu
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - X J Zhu
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Zhang
- 1 Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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19
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Resin-Dentin Bonding Interface: Mechanisms of Degradation and Strategies for Stabilization of the Hybrid Layer. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:5268342. [PMID: 30853990 PMCID: PMC6378048 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5268342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the dentin-resin interface is unstable due to poor infiltration of resin monomers into the demineralized dentin matrix. This phenomenon is related to the incomplete infiltration of the adhesive system into the network of exposed collagen fibrils, mainly due to the difficulty of displacement and subsequent replacement of trapped water between interfibrillar spaces, avoiding adequate hybridization within the network of collagen fibrils. Thus, unprotected fibrils are exposed to undergo denaturation and are susceptible to cyclic fatigue rupture after being subjected to repetitive loads during function. The aqueous inclusions within the hybrid layer serve as a functional medium for the hydrolysis of the resin matrix, giving rise to the activity of esterases and collagenolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases, which play a fundamental role in the degradation process of the hybrid layer. Achieving better interdiffusion of the adhesive system in the network of collagen fibrils and the substrate stability in the hybrid layer through different strategies are key events for the interfacial microstructure to adequately function. Hence, it is important to review the factors related to the mechanisms of degradation and stabilization of the hybrid layer to support the implementation of new materials and techniques in the future. The enzymatic degradation of collagen matrix, together with resin leaching, has led to seeking strategies that inhibit the endogenous proteases, cross-linking the denudated collagen fibrils and improving the adhesive penetration removing water from the interface. Some of dentin treatments have yielded promising results and require more research to be validated. A longer durability of adhesive restorations could resolve a variety of clinical problems, such as microleakage, recurrent caries, postoperative sensitivity, and restoration integrity.
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20
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Balalaie A, Rezvani MB, Mohammadi Basir M. Dual function of proanthocyanidins as both MMP inhibitor and crosslinker in dentin biomodification: A literature review. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:173-182. [PMID: 29176304 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin, a natural phytochemical bioactive agent, simultaneously can silence the activity of dentinal proteases and crosslink the collagen matrix; both of these phenomena would be the fundamentals for bio-stability of resin-dentin interface which is essential for a promising adhesive dentistry. This review provides an overview of the data developed by different groups of researchers and highlighted topics are proanthocyanidin chemistry, natural resources and the unique interactions between proanthocyanidincollagen and proanthocyanidin-MMPs in dentin. Besides, clinical applications of proanthocyanidin in the form of proanthocyanidin-containing adhesives, preconditioners and etchants have been reviewed. One hundred and twelve studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals from 1981 to 2017, all were comprised in this review, some of them have been actually proven to be promising from clinical point of view and others need further assessment before their adoption as clinically practicable protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Balalaie
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University
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21
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da Rosa WLO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy. Int Endod J 2018; 51:829-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. O. da Rosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - E. Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - A. F. da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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22
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Inhibition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans incorporation affected odontoblast differentiation in cultured embryonic mouse molars. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:337-345. [PMID: 28756608 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM), it is composed of a core protein and one or more chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains (CS-GAGs). To investigate the roles of its CS-GAGs in dentinogenesis, the mouse mandibular first molar tooth germs at early bell stage were cultivated with or without β-xyloside. As expected, the CS-GAGs were inhibited on their incorporation to CSPGs by β-xyloside, accompanied by the change of morphology of the cultured tooth germs. The histological results and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation indicated that β-xyloside exhibited obvious inhibiting effects on odontoblasts differentiation compared with the control group. Meanwhile the results of immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR for type I collagen, dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein, the products of differentiated odontoblasts, further proved that odontoblasts differentiation was inhibited. Collagen fibers detected in TEM decreased and arranged in disorder as well. Thus we conclude that the inhibition of CS-GAGs incorporation to CSPGs can affect odontoblast differentiation in cultured embryonic mouse molars.
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23
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de Mattos Pimenta Vidal C, Leme-Kraus AA, Rahman M, Farina AP, Bedran-Russo AK. Role of proteoglycans on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of dentin organic matrix. Arch Oral Biol 2017. [PMID: 28651092 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proteoglycans (PGs) are multifunctional biomacromolecules of the extracellular matrix of collagen-based tissues. In teeth, besides a pivotal regulatory role on dentin biomineralization, PGs provide mechanical support to the mineralized tissue and compressive strength to the biosystem. This study assessed enzymatic protocols for selective PGs removal from demineralized dentin to determine the roles of these biomacromolecules in the bulk mechanical properties and biostability of type I collagen. METHODS Selective removal of glycosaminoglycans chains (GAGs) and PGs from demineralized dentin was carried out by enzymatic digestion protocols using chondroitinase ABC (c-ABC) and trypsin (Try). A comprehensive study design included assessment of dentin matrix mass loss, biodegradability of the PGs/GAGs-depleted dentin matrix, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and energy to fracture tests. Quantitative data was statistically analyzed by two-way and one-way ANOVA followed by the appropriate post hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy images show effective GAGs removal by c-ABC and Try and both enzymatic methods released statistically similar amounts of GAGs from the demineralized dentin. Try digestion resulted in about 25% dentin matrix mass loss and increased susceptibility to collagenolytic digestion when compared to c-ABC (p=0.0224) and control (p=0.0901). Moreover, PGs digestion by Try decreased the tensile strengths of dentin. Statistically lower energy to fracture was observed in c-ABC-treated dentin matrix. CONCLUSIONS GAGs plays a pivotal role on tissue mechanics and anisotropy, while the core protein of PGs have a protective role on matrix biostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Mattos Pimenta Vidal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, 801 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ariene Arcas Leme-Kraus
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Momina Rahman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ana Paula Farina
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José,Building A7, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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24
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Bertassoni LE. Dentin on the nanoscale: Hierarchical organization, mechanical behavior and bioinspired engineering. Dent Mater 2017; 33:637-649. [PMID: 28416222 PMCID: PMC5481168 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge of the structural organization and mechanical properties of dentin has expanded considerably during the past two decades, especially on a nanometer scale. In this paper, we review the recent literature on the nanostructural and nanomechanical properties of dentin, with special emphasis in its hierarchical organization. METHODS We give particular attention to the recent literature concerning the structural and mechanical influence of collagen intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineral in healthy and remineralized tissues. The multilevel hierarchical structure of collagen, and the participation of non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans in healthy and diseased dentin are also discussed. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking perspective of emerging topics in biomaterials sciences, such as bioinspired materials design and fabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfabrication, and briefly discuss recent developments on the emerging field of organs-on-a-chip. RESULTS The existing literature suggests that both the inorganic and organic nanostructural components of the dentin matrix play a critical role in various mechanisms that influence tissue properties. SIGNIFICANCE An in-depth understanding of such nanostructural and nanomechanical mechanisms can have a direct impact in our ability to evaluate and predict the efficacy of dental materials. This knowledge will pave the way for the development of improved dental materials and treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS Development of future dental materials should take into consideration the intricate hierarchical organization of dentin, and pay particular attention to their complex interaction with the dentin matrix on a nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA.
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25
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Pääkkönen V, Saraniemi S, Bleicher F, Nevo Z, Tjäderhane L. Exostosin 1 is expressed in human odontoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:175-179. [PMID: 28448806 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental pulp is soft connective tissue maintaining the vitality of the tooth, while odontoblasts form the dentin. Our earlier DNA microarray analysis revealed expression of putative tumour suppressor exostosin 1 (EXT-1) in odontoblasts. EXT-1 is essential for heparan sulphate synthesis, which may play a role in the dentin mineralization. Since the absence of the functional EXT-1 causes bone tumours, expression in odontoblasts is interesting. Our aim was to analyse further the EXT-1 expression in human tooth. DESIGNS DNA microarray and PCR techniques were used to study the EXT-1 expression in mature native human odontoblasts and pulp tissue as well as in newly-differentiated cultured odontoblast-like cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study EXT-1 protein in mature human teeth, teeth with incomplete root and developing teeth. RESULTS Markedly higher EXT-1 was observed in mature odontoblasts than in pulp at mRNA level with DNA microarray and PCR techniques. Immunohistochemistry of mature tooth revealed EXT-1 both in odontoblasts and the predentin but not in the dentin. EXT-1 was also observed in the odontoblasts of incomplete root, but the localization of the staining was different. In developing foetal tooth, staining was detected in ameloblasts and the basal lamina. CONCLUSIONS The detection of EXT-1 in both mature and newly-differentiated cells indicates a role in the odontoblast function, and EXT-1 staining in the predentin indicates a function in the dentin formation. Detection of EXT-1 in developing teeth indicates a role in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Pääkkönen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Stina Saraniemi
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Françoise Bleicher
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, >France; University of Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Zvi Nevo
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Experimental studies have shown a great potential for periodontal regeneration. The limitations of periodontal regeneration largely depend on the regenerative potential at the root surface. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC), so-called bone-like tissue, may form instead of the desired acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC), and the interfacial tissue bonding may be weak. The periodontal ligament harbors progenitor cells that can differentiate into periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts, but their precise location is unknown. It is also not known whether osteoblasts and cementoblasts arise from a common precursor cell line, or whether distinct precursor cell lines exist. Thus, there is limited knowledge about how cell diversity evolves in the space between the developing root and the alveolar bone. This review supports the hypothesis that AEFC is a unique tissue, while CIFC and bone share some similarities. Morphologically, functionally, and biochemically, however, CIFC is distinctly different from any bone type. There are several lines of evidence to propose that cementoblasts that produce both AEFC and CIFC are unique phenotypes that are unrelated to osteoblasts. Cementum attachment protein appears to be cementum-specific, and the expression of two proteoglycans, fibromodulin and lumican, appears to be stronger in CIFC than in bone. A theory is presented that may help explain how cell diversity evolves in the periodontal ligament. It proposes that Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath and cells derived from it play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the periodontium. The role of enamel matrix proteins in cementoblast and osteoblast differentiation and their potential use for tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.
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Chaussain-Miller C, Fioretti F, Goldberg M, Menashi S. The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Human Caries. J Dent Res 2016; 85:22-32. [PMID: 16373676 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize our understanding of the role of host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the caries process and to discuss new therapeutic avenues. MMPs hydrolyze components of the extracellular matrix and play a central role in many biological and pathological processes. MMPs have been suggested to play an important role in the destruction of dentin organic matrix following demineralization by bacterial acids and, therefore, in the control or progression of carious decay. Host-derived MMPs can originate both from saliva and from dentin. They may be activated by an acidic pH brought about by lactate release from cariogenic bacteria. Once activated, they are able to digest demineralized dentin matrix after pH neutralization by salivary buffers. Furthermore, the degradation of SIBLINGs (Small Integrin-binding Ligand N-linked Glycoproteins) by the caries process may potentially enhance the release of MMPs and their activation. This review also explores the different available MMP inhibitors, natural or synthetic, and suggests that MMP inhibition by several inhibitors, particularly by natural substances, could provide a potential therapeutic pathway to limit caries progression in dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chaussain-Miller
- Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Biominéralisation, Université Paris 5, France.
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Sugimoto K, Tsuchiya S, Omori M, Matsuda R, Fujio M, Kuroda K, Okido M, Hibi H. Proteomic analysis of bone proteins adsorbed onto the surface of titanium dioxide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:316-322. [PMID: 28955921 PMCID: PMC5613647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegration is the structural and functional connection between bone tissues and implants such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). The bone-TiO2 interface is thought to contain proteoglycans. However, exhaustive analysis of the proteins in this layer has not been performed. In this study, we evaluated the bone protein adhered on the surface of TiO2 comprehensively. Pig bone protein was extracted by sequential elutions with guanidine, 0.1 M EDTA, and again with guanidine. The proteins obtained from these extractions were allowed to adhere to an HPLC column packed with TiO2 and were eluted with 0.2 M NaOH. The eluted proteins were identified by LC/MS/MS and included not only proteoglycans but also other proteins such as extracellular matrix proteins, enzymes, and growth factors. Calcium depositions were observed on TiO2 particles incubated with bone proteins, guanidine-extracted proteins adhered to TiO2 displayed significantly high amounts of calcium depositions. We identified bone proteins adhered on the surface of TiO2. Chromatography was an useful tool for investigating the layer adhered on the TiO2. The bone-TiO2 interface contained not only proteoglycans but also other proteins. Some of the adhered proteins showed mineralization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsuchiya
- Nagoya University Hospital Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Omori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahito Fujio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kuroda
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masazumi Okido
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Suzuki H, Chikada M, Yokoyama MK, Kurokawa MS, Ando T, Furukawa H, Arito M, Miyairi T, Kato T. Aberrant Glycosylation of Lumican in Aortic Valve Stenosis Revealed by Proteomic Analysis. Int Heart J 2016; 57:104-11. [PMID: 26742884 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify proteins related to the pathophysiology of aortic valve stenosis (AS), we investigated the protein profiles of AS aortic valves. Specifically, proteins were extracted from a thickened and calcified area (AS-C) and an apparently non-thickened and non-calcified area (AS-N) in an identical aortic valve leaflet in each of 6 AS patients. The proteins were then separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Protein spots detected by 2DE were compared between the AS-C and AS-N samples. Protein spots of interest were subjected to protein identification by mass spectrometry.In total, 670 protein spots were detected by 2DE, 28 of which showed more than 1.5-fold different intensity (P < 0.05) between the AS-C and AS-N samples. Proteins were identified in 17 out of the 28 spots. Fibrinogen and lumican were identified in 9 and 3 spots, respectively. Intensity of these 12 spots was lower in the AS-C samples than in the AS-N samples. In the 1D-Western blot analysis, 4 lumican bands (80 kDa, 75 kDa, 65 kDa, and 53 kDa) were detected, of which 2 bands with 80 kDa and 75 kDa showed lower intensity in the AS-C samples than in the AS-N samples. When de-glycosylated protein samples were used in the 1D-Western blot, only a single lumican band with ~40 kDa was detected, indicating that lumican was variously glycosylated and that highly glycosylated lumican molecules were decreased in AS-C.Collectively, insufficient glycosylation of lumican in the thickened and calcified areas of AS aortic valves may be involved in the pathophysiology of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine
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Salehi S, Cooper P, Smith A, Ferracane J. Dentin matrix components extracted with phosphoric acid enhance cell proliferation and mineralization. Dent Mater 2016; 32:334-42. [PMID: 26777093 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acids, such as those used in adhesive dentistry, have been shown to solubilize bioactive molecules from dentin. These dentin matrix components (DMC) may promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and ultimately contribute to dentin regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for varying concentrations of DMC extracted from human dentin by phosphoric acid of a range of pHs to stimulate proliferation and mineralization of two different cultured pulp cell populations. METHODS DMC were solubilized from powdered human dentin (7 days - 4°C) by phosphoric acid of pH 1, 3, and 5 and also, EDTA. Extracts were dialyzed for 7 days against distilled water and lyophilized. Undifferentiated mouse dental pulp cells (OD-21) and cells of the odontoblast-like cell line (MDPC-23) were seeded in six-well plates (1×10(5)) and cultured for 24h in DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) containing 10% (v/v) FBS (fetal bovine serum). The cells were washed with serum-free medium and then treated with different concentrations of DMC (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0μg/ml) daily in serum free medium for 7 days. After 3, 5 (MDPC-23 only), and 7 days of treatment, cell proliferation was measured using 10vol% Alamar blue solution, which was added to each well for 1h. Cell numbers were first measured by cell counting (Trypan blue; n=5) and Alamar blue fluorescence to validate the assay, which was then used for the subsequent assessments of proliferation. Mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red S assay after 12 days exposure to DMC (n=5). Controls were media-only (DMEM) and dexamethasone (DEX; positive control). Results were analysed by ANOVA/Tukey's (p≤0.05). RESULTS There was a linear correlation between cell counts and Alamar blue fluorescence (R(2)>0.96 for both cell types) , verifying the validity of the Alamar blue assay for these cell types. In general, there was a dose-dependent trend for enhanced cell proliferation with higher concentration of DMC for both cell lines, especially at 10.0μg/ml. DEX exposure resulted in significantly higher mineralization, but did not affect cell proliferation. DMC exposure demonstrated significantly greater mineralization than media-only control for 10μg/ml for all extracts, and at lower concentrations for EDTA and pH 5 extracts. SIGNIFICANCE Human dentin matrix components solubilized by acids at pH levels found in commercial dentin adhesives enhanced cell proliferation and mineralization of mouse and rat undifferentiated dental pulp cells when presented in adequate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satin Salehi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Paul Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6NN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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SOARES DG, ROSSETO HL, BASSO FG, SCHEFFEL DS, HEBLING J, COSTA CADS. Chitosan-collagen biomembrane embedded with calcium-aluminate enhances dentinogenic potential of pulp cells. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e54. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Effect of proteoglycans at interfaces as related to location, architecture, and mechanical cues. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:82-92. [PMID: 26741830 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Covalently bound functional GAGs orchestrate tissue mechanics through time-dependent characteristics. OBJECTIVE The role of specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) at the ligament-cementum and cementum-dentin interfaces within a human periodontal complex were examined. Matrix swelling and resistance to compression under health and modeled diseased states was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presence of keratin sulfate (KS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) GAGs at the ligament-cementum and cementum-dentin interfaces in human molars (N=5) was illustrated by using enzymes, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and AFM-based nanoindentation. The change in physical characteristics of modeled diseased states through sequential digestion of keratin sulfate (KS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) GAGs was investigated. One-way ANOVA tests with P<0.05 were performed to determine significant differences between groups. Additionally, the presence of mineral within the seemingly hygroscopic interfaces was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry (N=3) indicated presence of biglycan and fibromodulin small leucine rich proteoglycans at the interfaces. Digestion of matrices with enzymes confirmed the presence of KS and CS GAGs at the interfaces by illustrating a change in tissue architecture and mechanics. A significant increase in height (nm), decrease in elastic modulus (GPa), and tissue deformation rate (nm/s) of the PDL-C attachment site (215±63-424±94nm; 1.5±0.7-0.4±0.2GPa; 21±7-48±22nm/s), and cementum-dentin interface (122±69-360±159nm; 2.9±1.3-0.7±0.3GPa; 18±4-30±6nm/s) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The sequential removal of GAGs indicated loss in intricate structural hierarchy of hygroscopic interfaces. From a mechanics perspective, GAGs provide tissue recovery/resilience. The results of this study provide insights into the role of GAGs toward conserved tooth movement in the socket in response to mechanical loads, and modulation of potentially deleterious strain at tissue interfaces.
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Prydz K. Determinants of Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) Structure. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2003-22. [PMID: 26308067 PMCID: PMC4598785 DOI: 10.3390/biom5032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are glycosylated proteins of biological importance at cell surfaces, in the extracellular matrix, and in the circulation. PGs are produced and modified by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in the secretory pathway of animal cells. The most common GAG attachment site is a serine residue followed by a glycine (-ser-gly-), from which a linker tetrasaccharide extends and may continue as a heparan sulfate, a heparin, a chondroitin sulfate, or a dermatan sulfate GAG chain. Which type of GAG chain becomes attached to the linker tetrasaccharide is influenced by the structure of the protein core, modifications occurring to the linker tetrasaccharide itself, and the biochemical environment of the Golgi apparatus, where GAG polymerization and modification by sulfation and epimerization take place. The same cell type may produce different GAG chains that vary, depending on the extent of epimerization and sulfation. However, it is not known to what extent these differences are caused by compartmental segregation of protein cores en route through the secretory pathway or by differential recruitment of modifying enzymes during synthesis of different PGs. The topic of this review is how different aspects of protein structure, cellular biochemistry, and compartmentalization may influence GAG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Prydz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Box 1066, Blindern OSLO 0316, Norway.
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The identification of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in archaeological human bones and teeth. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131105. [PMID: 26107959 PMCID: PMC4481269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue is mineralized dense connective tissue consisting mainly of a mineral component (hydroxyapatite) and an organic matrix comprised of collagens, non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans (PGs). Extracellular matrix proteins and PGs bind tightly to hydroxyapatite which would protect these molecules from the destructive effects of temperature and chemical agents after death. DNA and proteins have been successfully extracted from archaeological skeletons from which valuable information has been obtained; however, to date neither PGs nor glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains have been studied in archaeological skeletons. PGs and GAGs play a major role in bone morphogenesis, homeostasis and degenerative bone disease. The ability to isolate and characterize PG and GAG content from archaeological skeletons would unveil valuable paleontological information. We therefore optimized methods for the extraction of both PGs and GAGs from archaeological human skeletons. PGs and GAGs were successfully extracted from both archaeological human bones and teeth, and characterized by their electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, degradation by specific enzymes and HPLC. The GAG populations isolated were chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, a CSPG was detected. The localization of CS, HA, three small leucine rich PGs (biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin) and glypican was analyzed in archaeological human bone slices. Staining patterns were different for juvenile and adult bones, whilst adolescent bones had a similar staining pattern to adult bones. The finding that significant quantities of PGs and GAGs persist in archaeological bones and teeth opens novel venues for the field of Paleontology.
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Mobley CG, Kuzynski M, Zhang H, Jani P, Qin C, Napierala D. Dspp-independent Effects of Transgenic Trps1 Overexpression on Dentin Formation. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1128-34. [PMID: 25999324 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515586709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trps1 transcription factor is highly expressed in dental mesenchyme and preodontoblasts, while in mature, secretory odontoblasts, it is expressed at low levels. Previously, we have shown that high Trps1 levels in mature odontoblasts impair their function in vitro and in vivo. Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic (Trps1-Tg) mice demonstrate defective dentin secretion and mineralization, which are associated with significantly decreased Dspp expression due to direct repression of the Dspp gene by Trps1. Here, by crossing Trps1-Tg and Col1a1-Dspp transgenic (Dspp-Tg) mice, we generated Col1a1-Trps1;Col1a1-Dspp double transgenic (double-Tg) mice in which Dspp was restored in odontoblasts overexpressing Trps1. Comparative micro-computed tomography analyses revealed partial correction of the dentin volume and no improvement of dentin mineralization in double transgenic mice in comparison with Trps1-Tg and wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, dentin of double-Tg mice has an irregular mineralization pattern characteristic for dentin in hypophosphatemic rickets. Consistent with this phenotype, decreased levels of Phex, Vdr, and Fam20c proteins are detected in both Trps1-Tg and double-Tg odontoblasts in comparison with WT and Dspp-Tg odontoblasts. This suggests that the Dspp-independent dentin mineralization defects in Trps1-Tg mice are a result of downregulation of a group of proteins critical for mineral deposition within the dentin matrix. In summary, by demonstrating that Trps1 functions as a repressor of later stages of dentinogenesis, we provide functional significance of the dynamic Trps1 expression pattern during dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Mobley
- Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Kuzynski
- Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P Jani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Napierala
- Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Lu S, Zhao SJ, Gao Y, Sun Y, Li X, Chen JH. Proteoglycans affect monomer infiltration in the etch-and-rinse bonding technique. Dent Mater 2014; 30:e289-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khaddam M, Salmon B, Le Denmat D, Tjaderhane L, Menashi S, Chaussain C, Rochefort GY, Boukpessi T. Grape seed extracts inhibit dentin matrix degradation by MMP-3. Front Physiol 2014; 5:425. [PMID: 25400590 PMCID: PMC4215787 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Since Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested to contribute to dentin caries progression, the hypothesis that MMP inhibition would affect the progression of dentin caries is clinically relevant. Grape seed extracts (GSE) have been previously reported to be natural inhibitors of MMPs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capacity of a GSE mouthrinse to prevent the degradation of demineralized dentin matrix by MMP-3 (stromelysin-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized blocks of dentin obtained from sound permanent teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were demineralized with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and pretreated either with (A) GSE (0.2% w/v), (B) amine fluoride (AmF) (20% w/v), (C) a mouthrinse which contains both, (D) placebo, (E) sodium fluoride (0.15 mg.ml(-1)), (F) PBS, (G) Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), or (H) zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The dentin blocks were then incubated with activated recombinant MMP-3. The supernatants were analyzed by Western Blot for several dentin matrix proteins known to be MMP-3 substrate. In parallel, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on resin replica of the dentin blocks. RESULTS Western blot analysis of the supernatants revealed that MMP-3 released from the dentin matrix small proteoglycans (decorin and biglycan) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in the AmF, sodium fluoride, PBS and placebo pretreated groups, but not in the GSE and mouthrinse pretreated groups. SEM examination of resin replica showed that the mouthrinse and its active components not only had an anti-MMP action but also modified the dentin surface accessibility. CONCLUSION This study shows that GSE either alone or combined with AmF as in the evaluated mouthrinse limits dentin matrix degradation. This association may be promising to prevent the progression of caries within dentin. However, the procedure should be adapted to clinically relevant durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssam Khaddam
- EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéMontrouge, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéMontrouge, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix)Paris, France
| | - Dominique Le Denmat
- EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéMontrouge, France
| | - Leo Tjaderhane
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Institute of Dentistry, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Suzanne Menashi
- Laboratoire CRRET, Université Paris-Est, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCréteil, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéMontrouge, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix)Paris, France
| | - Gaël Y. Rochefort
- EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéMontrouge, France
| | - Tchilalo Boukpessi
- EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental school, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéMontrouge, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix)Paris, France
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Bertassoni LE, Swain MV. The contribution of proteoglycans to the mechanical behavior of mineralized tissues. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 38:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bleicher F. Odontoblast physiology. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gaudière F, Morin-Grognet S, Bidault L, Lembré P, Pauthe E, Vannier JP, Atmani H, Ladam G, Labat B. Genipin-Cross-Linked Layer-by-Layer Assemblies: Biocompatible Microenvironments To Direct Bone Cell Fate. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1602-11. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401866w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Gaudière
- Laboratoire
de Biophysique et Biomatériaux (La2B), MERCI EA 3829, University of Rouen, Centre Universitaire d’Évreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, 27002 Évreux Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Morin-Grognet
- Laboratoire
de Biophysique et Biomatériaux (La2B), MERCI EA 3829, University of Rouen, Centre Universitaire d’Évreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, 27002 Évreux Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Bidault
- ERRMECe EA 1391, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 2 avenue Adolphe Chauvin, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Lembré
- ERRMECe EA 1391, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 2 avenue Adolphe Chauvin, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Pauthe
- ERRMECe EA 1391, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 2 avenue Adolphe Chauvin, 95302 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Laboratoire
de Biophysique et Biomatériaux (La2B), MERCI EA 3829, University of Rouen, Centre Universitaire d’Évreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, 27002 Évreux Cedex, France
| | - Hassan Atmani
- Laboratoire
de Biophysique et Biomatériaux (La2B), MERCI EA 3829, University of Rouen, Centre Universitaire d’Évreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, 27002 Évreux Cedex, France
| | - Guy Ladam
- Laboratoire
de Biophysique et Biomatériaux (La2B), MERCI EA 3829, University of Rouen, Centre Universitaire d’Évreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, 27002 Évreux Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Labat
- Laboratoire
de Biophysique et Biomatériaux (La2B), MERCI EA 3829, University of Rouen, Centre Universitaire d’Évreux, 1 rue du 7ème Chasseurs, 27002 Évreux Cedex, France
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41
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JÁGR M, ECKHARDT A, PATARIDIS S, BROUKAL Z, DUŠKOVÁ J, MIKŠÍK I. Proteomics of Human Teeth and Saliva. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S141-54. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth have been a focus of interest for many centuries – due to medical problems with them. They are the hardest part of the human body and are composed of three mineralized parts – enamel, dentin and cementum, together with the soft pulp. However, saliva also has a significant impact on tooth quality. Proteomic research of human teeth is now accelerating, and it includes all parts of the tooth. Some methodological problems still need to be overcome in this research field – mainly connected with calcified tissues. This review will provide an overview of the current state of research with focus on the individual parts of the tooth and pellicle layer as well as saliva. These proteomic results can help not only stomatology in terms of early diagnosis, identifying risk factors, and systematic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - I. MIKŠÍK
- Department of Analysis of Biologically Important Compounds, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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42
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MMP-13 expression in coronal and radicular dentin according to caries progression -a pilot study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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43
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Chaussain C, Boukpessi T, Khaddam M, Tjaderhane L, George A, Menashi S. Dentin matrix degradation by host matrix metalloproteinases: inhibition and clinical perspectives toward regeneration. Front Physiol 2013; 4:308. [PMID: 24198787 PMCID: PMC3814849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial enzymes have long been considered solely accountable for the degradation of the dentin matrix during the carious process. However, the emerging literature suggests that host-derived enzymes, and in particular the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contained in dentin and saliva can play a major role in this process by their ability to degrade the dentin matrix from within. These findings are important since they open new therapeutic options for caries prevention and treatment. The possibility of using MMP inhibitors to interfere with dentin caries progression is discussed. Furthermore, the potential release of bioactive peptides by the enzymatic cleavage of dentin matrix proteins by MMPs during the carious process is discussed. These peptides, once identified, may constitute promising therapeutical tools for tooth and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496 Dental School University Paris Descartes Montrouge, France ; Odontology Departments (Bretonneau and Charles Foix), AP-HP Paris, France
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44
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Kogaya Y, Watanabe R, Moribe J, Yano W, Satoh K, Kubo KY, Ejiri S. Differences in the ultrastructural localization of sulfated glycoconjugates between dentine and bone in the ganoid scales of Polypterus senegalus. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Reis A, Carrilho M, Breschi L, Loguercio AD. Overview of Clinical Alternatives to Minimize the Degradation of the Resin-dentin Bonds. Oper Dent 2013; 38:E1-E25. [DOI: 10.2341/12-258-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The incorporation of hydrophilic and acidic resin monomers substantially improved the initial bonding of contemporary etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) adhesives to intrinsically wet dental substrates, providing quite favorable immediate results, regardless of the bonding approach used. However, in the long term, the bonding effectiveness of most simplified ER and SE adhesives drop dramatically. This review examines the fundamental processes that are responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of the resin-bonded interfaces and some possible clinical approaches that have been effective in minimizing or even preventing the degradation of the adhesive interfaces produced with simplified adhesives. The incorporation of some of the feasible approaches - described in this review - may improve the quality of the adhesive restorations performed in clinical practice, while manufacturers develop bonding materials that are less susceptible to the aging mechanisms present in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - M Carrilho
- Marcela Rocha Carrilho, DDS, PhD, professor, GEO/Bandeirante University of São Paulo and School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - L Breschi
- Lorenzo Breschi, DDS, PhD, professor, University of Trieste, Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, Trieste, Italy
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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46
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Gibson MP, Liu Q, Zhu Q, Lu Y, Jani P, Wang X, Liu Y, Paine ML, Snead ML, Feng JQ, Qin C. Role of the NH2 -terminal fragment of dentin sialophosphoprotein in dentinogenesis. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:76-85. [PMID: 23489896 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a large precursor protein that is proteolytically processed into a NH2 -terminal fragment [composed of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and a proteoglycan form (DSP-PG)] and a COOH-terminal fragment [dentin phosphoprotein (DPP)]. In vitro studies indicate that DPP is a strong initiator and regulator of hydroxyapatite crystal formation and growth, but the role(s) of the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP (i.e., DSP and DSP-PG) in dentinogenesis remain unclear. This study focuses on the function of the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP in dentinogenesis. Here, transgenic (Tg) mouse lines expressing the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP driven by a 3.6-kb type I collagen promoter (Col 1a1) were generated and cross-bred with Dspp null mice to obtain mice that express the transgene but lack the endogenous Dspp (Dspp KO/DSP Tg). We found that dentin from the Dspp KO/DSP Tg mice was much thinner, more poorly mineralized, and remarkably disorganized compared with dentin from the Dspp KO mice. The fact that Dspp KO/DSP Tg mice exhibited more severe dentin defects than did the Dspp null mice indicates that the NH2 -terminal fragment of DSPP may inhibit dentin mineralization or may serve as an antagonist against the accelerating action of DPP and serve to prevent predentin from being mineralized too rapidly during dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica P Gibson
- Texas A&M Health Science Center Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Evaluation of the effects of transient or continuous PTH administration to odontoblast-like cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:638-45. [PMID: 23245578 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone participates in the metabolism of mineralized tissue. Its role in the formation of dentine is, as yet, incompletely understood. In the present study we analyzed the effect of transient (1 and 24-h/cycle) or continuous hPTH (1-34) treatment in odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) to the following parameters: mineral deposition detected by alizarin red, mRNA expression of the type I collagen (COL1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), biglycan (BGN), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) quantified by qRT-PCR. MMP-2 and ALP activities were quantified by zymography and colorimetric assay, respectively. The results showed that compared to Control group: intermittent PTH administration (1 and 24-h/cycle) decreased the mineral deposition and ALP activity. DSPP gene expression was not detected in both control and PTH treated cells. The PTH administration for 24-h/cycle increased the ALP, BGN and COL1 mRNA expression and continuous PTH treatment increased BGN and COL1 mRNA expression. Zymography assays showed that compared to Control group: PTH treatment for 1-h/cycle increased the total MMP-2 secretion and the continuous treatment decreased the secreted levels of MMP-2 active-form. Taken together, the results shown that PTH may regulate the odontoblast-like cells-induced secretion, and potentially this hormone can affect in vivo odontoblasts functions.
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48
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Investigations on the Secondary Structure of Polypeptide Chains in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and their Effect on the Adhesion and Spreading of Osteoblasts. Biointerphases 2012; 7:62. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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49
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Napierala D, Sun Y, Maciejewska I, Bertin TK, Dawson B, D'Souza R, Qin C, Lee B. Transcriptional repression of the Dspp gene leads to dentinogenesis imperfecta phenotype in Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1735-45. [PMID: 22508542 PMCID: PMC3399940 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) is a hereditary defect of dentin, a calcified tissue that is the most abundant component of teeth. Most commonly, DGI is manifested as a part of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or the phenotype is restricted to dental findings only. In the latter case, DGI is caused by mutations in the DSPP gene, which codes for dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Although these two proteins together constitute the majority of noncollagenous proteins of the dentin, little is known about their transcriptional regulation. Here we demonstrate that mice overexpressing the Trps1 transcription factor (Col1a1-Trps1 mice) in dentin-producing cells, odontoblasts, present with severe defects of dentin formation that resemble DGI. Combined micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological analyses revealed tooth fragility due to severe hypomineralization of dentin and a diminished dentin layer with irregular mineralization in Col1a1-Trps1 mice. Biochemical analyses of noncollagenous dentin matrix proteins demonstrated decreased levels of both DSP and DPP proteins in Col1a1-Trps1 mice. On the molecular level, we demonstrated that sustained high levels of Trps1 in odontoblasts lead to dramatic decrease of Dspp expression as a result of direct inhibition of the Dspp promoter by Trps1. During tooth development Trps1 is highly expressed in preodontoblasts, but in mature odontoblasts secreting matrix its expression significantly decreases, which suggests a Trps1 role in odontoblast development. In these studies we identified Trps1 as a potent inhibitor of Dspp expression and the subsequent mineralization of dentin. Thus, we provide novel insights into mechanisms of transcriptional dysregulation that leads to DGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrawa Napierala
- Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.
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50
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Jágr M, Eckhardt A, Pataridis S, Mikšík I. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of human dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:259-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jágr
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Adam Eckhardt
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Statis Pataridis
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Mikšík
- Institute of Physiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i; Prague Czech Republic
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