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Woldring JM, Paans W, Gans R, Dorland L, Luttik ML. Families' importance in nursing care-families' opinions: a cross-sectional survey study in the homecare setting. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:87. [PMID: 38886839 PMCID: PMC11181553 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal care is an essential part of support provided in the homecare setting. To ensure effective healthcare provision, good communication and collaboration between informal and formal care providers are crucial. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the perspectives of all stakeholders. In the scientific literature, limited knowledge is available regarding family members' opinions about their involvement in care. To date, no instruments have been developed that accurately measure these opinions. This study aims to elucidate the opinions of family members about their involvement in nursing care. METHODS A cross-sectional survey approach was employed. The methodological steps in this study were (1) convert the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses' Attitudes (FINC-NA) from a nurses' perspective to a family perspective and thus develop the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Families' Opinions (FINC-FO) and (2) measure families' opinions regarding their involvement in home nursing care. The questionnaire was sent to 3,800 patients with activated patient portals, which accounts for about 17% of the total patient base. Responses were received from 1,339 family members, a response rate of 35%. RESULTS The developed FINC-FO questionnaire showed homogeneity and internal consistency. The results of the questionnaire indicate that family members consider it important to be involved in care and that they wish to be acknowledged as participants in discussions about care (planning) but are less inclined to actively participate in the provision of care by nurses. Family members expressed less explicit opinions about their own support needs. Factors such as level of education, type of partnership, and amount of care provided are seemingly associated with these opinions. CONCLUSIONS Family members in the homecare setting wish to be involved in discussions about care (planning). The transition in care from primarily formal to more informal care necessitates an awareness and clear definition-on part of both healthcare professionals and families-of their respective roles in the provision of care. Communication about wishes, expectations, and the need for support in care is essential to ensure quality of care and that the family can sustain caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien M Woldring
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Family Care & Family Nursing, School of Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, Groningen, 9714 CA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolter Paans
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Family Care & Family Nursing, School of Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, Groningen, 9714 CA, The Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Reinold Gans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Dorland
- Merkbaar Beter, PO Box 102, Espria, Beilen, 9410 AC, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise Luttik
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Family Care & Family Nursing, School of Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, Groningen, 9714 CA, The Netherlands
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Zarzycki M, Seddon D, Petrovic M, Morrison V. Supporting Individuals With an Acquired Brain Injury: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study Exploring the Everyday Lives of Caregivers. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241242046. [PMID: 38884621 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241242046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is one of the most common causes of disability and death globally. Support from informal caregivers is critical to the well-being and quality of life of people with ABI and supports the sustainability of global health and social care systems. This study presents an in-depth qualitative analysis of the experiences of eight British informal caregivers supporting someone with ABI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with narratives transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes were generated: making sense of brain injury; being consumed by caregiving; and, the changing self. These data highlight the impact of caregiving on the caregiver's illness perceptions and sense of self. By identifying negative and positive changes in the caregiver's sense of self, and dilemmas regarding the care recipient's behaviour, we address less understood aspects of caregiver experiences. Caregiving can pose both challenges to the caregiver's sense of identity and an opportunity for self-growth. Some caregivers exhibit resilience throughout their journey, with post-traumatic growth more apparent in the later stages of caregiving. Illness perceptions shape caregiver well-being and family dynamics and indicate the need to address stigmatisation and discrimination faced by ABI survivors and caregivers. Although some caregivers acquired positive meaning and enrichment from their caregiving, previously described challenges of ABI caregiving are supported. Overall, our findings support the need for timely psychological/mental health support for caregivers, caregiver education, and the provision of short breaks from caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Zarzycki
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diane Seddon
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Milica Petrovic
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Depression Research Centre of the German Depression Foundation, Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Val Morrison
- School of Psychology and Sports Science, College of Medicine and Health, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Neidre DB, Delgado RE, Peacock KS, Luy LP, White CL. A Scoping Review to Contribute to Knowledge About Culturally Adapting Interventions for Latino Family Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia. J Transcult Nurs 2024:10436596241256328. [PMID: 38828565 DOI: 10.1177/10436596241256328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few interventions have focused on Latino family caregivers to persons with dementia, addressing their unique needs. This review aimed to identify best practices in cultural adaptation to make recommendations for adapting interventions for Latino family caregivers of persons living with dementia. METHOD This scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review guidelines, with findings extracted and summarized from 17 studies addressing cultural adaptation. RESULTS Frameworks guiding the adaptations were comprehensive, addressing cultural values and traditions and the social context faced by Latino family caregivers. Features of the adaptations included diverse teams of researchers and community members, including Latino family caregivers, to inform the integration of cultural values into the content, mode, and place of intervention delivery. DISCUSSION Culturally adapting evidence-based interventions will increase the number of available interventions for Latino family caregivers to persons living with dementia, thus reducing inequities in caregiver support.
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van Gorkom RNFG, Meulenbroek AL, de Vries J, Frost DM, van der Laan L. A fluctuating intensity of care: A qualitative study on the experiences of informal caregivers of patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298959. [PMID: 38739667 PMCID: PMC11090309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Informal caregivers play a significant role in providing care for older, often vulnerable, patients, and supporting them as they live with chronic diseases. Due to the rising prevalence of older vascular patients and their use of healthcare, the role of their informal caregivers will become more important. However, little is known about the experiences of informal caregivers of patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia and the impact of informal care on different aspects of these caregivers' lives. In addition, literature does not describe the burden this role brings with it, or lack thereof. Therefore a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, specifically interpretive phenomenological analysis, was used to gain insight into the experiences of the primary informal caregivers of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and focus groups discussions. Fifteen primary informal caregivers of patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia under the care of the vascular surgeon at a tertiary teaching hospital in the Netherlands were included. Data analysis yielded three themes: the perceived identity of this group of caregivers; the varying intensity of informal care; and the collaboration between informal carers, their care recipients and the professional care provider within the vascular surgery department. In contrast to carers of other chronic diseases, the shifting intensity of care that informal caregivers of critical limb-threatening ischemia patients experience seems to prevent long-term overload. Adapting to that fluctuating situation requires flexibility from healthcare providers within the vascular surgery department. In addition, professionals need to involve informal caregivers in the patient's decision-making process and recognize their role in that process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jolanda de Vries
- Admiraal de Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Donna M. Frost
- School of People & Health Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Lijckle van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Vullings N, Maas M, Adriaansen M, Vermeulen H, van der Wees P, Heinen M. Developing and testing a reflection method for implementation of the informal care guideline in community nursing: Design-based research. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38515159 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To develop a reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants to support the implementation of the Dutch Informal Care guideline in daily care. DESIGN Design-based research. METHODS A design group and four test groups of community nurses and nursing assistants were formed to develop a reflection method that aligns with the needs and preferences of its end-users. The design and test group meetings were video recorded. The video data were iteratively discussed and analysed thematically to adapt and refine the method and to identify its key features. RESULTS A final reflection method was developed. Five main themes were identified from the analysis: the group, reflective triggers, knowledge about the guidelines, the coach and preconditions. The themes are linked to nine key features representing the building blocks of the reflection method. The key features are group size, participants with different (educational) backgrounds, pairs of participants, expressing thoughts, video feedback, reflection game, making the connection with the guideline, coaching as a process facilitator and meeting organizational and contextual conditions for implementation. CONCLUSION An evidence- and practice-based reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants is developed to support the implementation. By involving community nurses and certified nursing assistants, the method closely matches their needs and preferences. Critical elements of the reflection method are a game element, video feedback and working in pairs in a group of participants from different (educational) backgrounds. Guidance is needed to make the transfer from theory to practice. IMPACT A reflection method for community nurses and certified nursing assistants was developed to enhance care work according to guideline recommendations, aiming to improve the care provided by informal caregivers. REPORT METHOD The COREQ guideline was used. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This reflection method was developed in close collaboration with all stakeholders during the entire study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Vullings
- Institute of Nursing Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo Maas
- IQ Health Science Department, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Adriaansen
- Institute of Nursing Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Vermeulen
- IQ Health Science Department, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip van der Wees
- IQ Health Science Department, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Heinen
- IQ Health Science Department, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Leszko M, Allen DJ. Caring From a Distance: Experiences of Polish Immigrants in the United States Providing Care to Parents With Dementia Overseas. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad086. [PMID: 37288778 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging populations and an increasing number of immigrants in recent years have led to numerous changes in intergenerational relationships. Although many studies have investigated the impact of providing care to a parent with dementia, little is known about the impact of caregiving activities provided from a distance, such as in the case of immigration, and over a long period of time to a person with dementia. Our understanding of how transnational caregiving for a person with dementia affects relationships is also limited. Using the Intergenerational Solidarity Theory as a theoretical framework, this paper examines the experiences of adult children and immigrant caregivers of a parent with dementia living in Poland. METHODS A qualitative, semistructured interview was conducted with 37 caregivers living in the United States while providing transnational care to a parent with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. The data analysis was based on the thematic analysis strategy. RESULTS Four themes were identified: (1) filial obligations and solidarity, (2) caregivers' contradictory emotions regarding transnational care, (3) financial and emotional exhaustion, and (4) challenges of nursing home dilemmas. DISCUSSION Transnational caregivers represent a unique group who face distinctive challenges related to competing demands and limited resources. This study contributes to a better understanding of their experiences whereas the findings highlight the importance of addressing the mental and physical well-being of immigrant caregivers of individuals with dementia and have important implications for health care professionals and immigration policies. Implications for future research were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Leszko
- Department of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota J Allen
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, Hammond, Indiana, USA
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Daynes-Kearney R, Gallagher S. Online Support Groups for Family Caregivers: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46858. [PMID: 38090796 PMCID: PMC10753418 DOI: 10.2196/46858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiving can affect people of all ages and can have significant negative health impacts on family caregivers themselves. Research has shown that social support acts as a buffer against many negative health impacts. A common source of social support is support groups. Although traditionally, these groups were conducted in a face-to-face setting, the advent of the internet, social media applications, and the smartphone have seen online support groups (OSGs) develop as a space where many caregivers seek support. The number of OSGs has increased exponentially, but there is no clear consensus on what factors or characteristics of OSGs contribute to social support development within them or what types of OSGs are available to family caregivers. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to contribute to the understanding of the types and characteristics of OSGs for family caregivers. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, the CINAHL, PsychInfo, Psych Articles, Social Sciences, Communication Source, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies (caregiver focused, adults aged 18 years or older, online social support groups, caring for a living person, peer-reviewed journal publications on empirical research). In total, 19 studies were included in the review. The research questions were (1) what type of social support groups are online for adult family caregivers, (2) what the communication mediums and characteristics of these OSGs are, and (3) what psychosocial or other factors make OSGs successful or unsuccessful for participants. RESULTS In response to the first research question, we found that the majority of OSGs took place on public text-based forums and were illness specific. Where demographics were reported, participants were predominately women, White, and working with university-level education. There were a variety of caregiving relationships. For the second research question, the most common communication medium found was text-based communication, with the use of emojis, photos, and GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) files as part of these exchanges. Most frequently, the OSGs were asynchronous with a degree of anonymity, not time-limited by the frequency of contact or duration, and moderated by peer or professional moderators or facilitators. Results for the third research question explored the overarching categories of safe communication and engagement and group management. These described successful OSGs as having a focus on similar others with shared lived experiences communicated in a nonjudgmental space overseen by trained peer or professional facilitators. CONCLUSIONS There are several key considerations for OSGs to be successful for family caregivers. A general recommendation for practitioners is to give importance to building active moderation and multifaceted structures of support to meet different levels of caregiver needs and the ability to engage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Daynes-Kearney
- Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Alshammari B, Noble H, McAneney H, Alshammari F, O’Halloran P. Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers of Patients in Saudi Arabia Receiving Hemodialysis: A Mixed-Methods Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030366. [PMID: 36766941 PMCID: PMC9914672 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Long-term caregiving for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD), is associated with physical and psychological stress, which may impact on the well-being and quality of life of caregivers. Due to a lack of understanding of the experiences of informal caregivers of patients receiving HD, especially in Saudi Arabia, this study aimed to measure burden in informal caregivers of patients receiving HD, examine the factors that predict caregiver burden (CB), and explore the experience of burden in caregivers of patients receiving HD. (2) Methods: This study used a mixed-methods, sequential, explanatory design, which consisted of two phases. Phase 1 involved a cross-sectional study design, with a convenience sample of 61 caregivers of patients on maintenance HD for at least 3 months. All caregivers in the study completed the Arabic version of the Zarit Burden Interview to identify caregiver burden. Phase 2 of the study involved a qualitative descriptive design involving semi-structured interviews with nine caregivers. (3) Results: Study findings indicate that caregivers did not experience severe burden. Being older, a female caregiver and having comorbidities was positively associated with increased levels of caregiver burden. In the qualitative phase of the study, a number of important factors emerged that may contribute to a reduction in caregiver burden, including social support, cultural acceptance, and religious influences. (4) Conclusion and impact: CB was found to be low when a comparison was made with other studies using similar populations. Understanding the factors that influence caregiver burden will contribute to the accurate assessment of caregiver burden and help reduce burden in informal caregivers, patients with renal failure, and others with chronic illnesses worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alshammari
- Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (P.O.)
| | - Helen Noble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Center, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen McAneney
- UCD Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter O’Halloran
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Center, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (B.A.); (P.O.)
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Smith T, Mansfield M, Hanson S, Welsh A, Khoury R, Clark A, Dures E, Adams J. Caregiving for older people living with chronic pain: analysis of the English longitudinal study of ageing and health survey for England. Br J Pain 2022; 17:166-181. [PMID: 37057251 PMCID: PMC10088417 DOI: 10.1177/20494637221144250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a disabling condition. Many people with chronic pain seek informal support for everyday activities of daily living (ADL). However, there remains uncertainty on the type of people with chronic pain who access this support, what types of support they need and who provides such support. The purpose of this analysis was to answer these uncertainties. Methods Data from the Health Survey for England (HSE) and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were accessed. People who reported chronic pain (moderate or above for minimum of 12 months) were identified. From these cohorts, we determined if individuals self-reported receiving informal care. Data on caregiver profiles and caregiving activities were reported through descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analyses were performed to compare health status outcomes between people with pain who received and who did not receive informal care. Results 2178 people with chronic pain from the ELSA cohort and 571 from the HSE cohort were analysed. People who received care were frequently female, older aged with several medical morbidities including musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis. People with chronic pain received informal care for several diverse tasks. Most frequently these related to instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) such as shopping and housework. They were most frequently provided by partners or their children. Although they reported greater disability and symptoms ( p < 0.001), people who received care did not report differences in health status, loneliness or wellbeing ( p = 0.27; p = 0.46). Conclusions Whilst it may be possible to characterise people living in chronic pain who receive informal care, there is some uncertainty on the impact of informal caregiving on their health and wellbeing. Consideration should now be made on how best to support both care recipients and informal caregivers, to ensure their health and quality of life is promoted whilst living with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Smith
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Mansfield
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Hanson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Allie Welsh
- School of Education, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Reema Khoury
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Emma Dures
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
- Academic Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Jo Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Zarzycki M, Seddon D, Morrison V. Informal caregiver motivations, values, challenges and gains: A photovoice and interpretative phenomenological analysis of interrelationships. J Health Psychol 2022; 28:568-582. [PMID: 36300898 PMCID: PMC10119898 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221124647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoption of a caregiving role in the context of illness and disability is often taken for granted. This study explores caregivers’ motivations to provide care and how these relate to values, and to the challenges and gains of caregiving. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with caregivers and photographs were taken by caregivers to exemplify their caregiving experiences. This photo-elicitation method complemented the use of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis when applied to verbatim transcripts. Superordinate themes included: caregiver’s life story; significance of family; caregiving obligations; caring relationship; challenges and gains associated with caregiver motivations. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations were less distinct in caregivers’ lived experiences than previously suggested, and were influenced by family values and specific challenges and gains of caregiving. The coexistence of different motivations and the nature of single complex motivations is discussed. The importance of caregiver assessment and support planning, and regular breaks from caregiving are highlighted.
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