Craniofacial Growth Analysis of Individuals With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate in Colombia

What Are the Effects on Palate of Early Lip Surgery in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate? Cross-Sectional Evaluation From 5-Year-Old

This study aimed to evaluate the postsurgical effects from 5 years on the palate after surgical repair of the lip at 3 or 9 months of age in children with cleft lip and palate. Eighty-four digitized dental impressions were divided into the following groups: group 1 (G1): lip surgery at 3 months of life; group 2 (G2): lip surgery at 9 months of life; group 3 (G3): without orofacial cleft. Five angular (C'IC, ICM, IC'M', CMM', and C'M'M) and 3 linear parameters (C-C', c-c', and M-M') were evaluated. Statistical analysis was applied with α=5%. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was significantly smaller in G1 than in G3 ( P =0.005), while IC'M' was significantly smaller in G3 than in G1 ( P <0.001). C'M'M was significantly smaller in G1 than in G2 and G3 ( P <0.001). The distances C-C' and c-c' were significantly smaller in G1 than in G2 and G3 ( P <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in both G1 and G2 ( P <0.001, in all) in the analysis of palatal symmetry. Linear regression analysis showed that the, 11.2% of outcomes determined by c-c' distance can be explained by the age of lip repair ( P =0.013). In conclusion, lip surgery at 3 months of life showed a tendency toward more restriction in 5-year postsurgery palate development. The age of cheiloplasty is one of the factors that can influence palatal development; however, other factors may be associated and should be studied.

Prevalence of systemic conditions in an orthognathic surgery population: A 20-year single-center study

OBJECTIVE

To describe the prevalence and characteristics of patients with systemic conditions in an orthognathic surgery population.

STUDY DESIGN

A retrospective review was conducted of 1653 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery between 2001 and 2020. Patients were grouped per category of systemic condition and relevant information was retrieved from medical records. Clinical and perioperative characteristics were compared between patients with and without systemic conditions using χ² tests and 95% confidence intervals. Age was compared using a cumulative logit model.

RESULTS

The proportion of patients with systemic conditions undergoing orthognathic surgery was 16% (272 of 1653 patients). Patients with systemic conditions were on average 6 years older than patients without systemic conditions (P < .001). Significant differences in age compared to healthy patients were found for endocrinological (12 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8-16 years), gastrointestinal (10 years; 95% CI, 3-18 years), pneumological (5 years; 95% CI, 2-13 years), and cardiovascular disorders (17 years; 95% CI, 12-21 years).

CONCLUSION

Nearly 1 out of 6 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery has a systemic condition. Knowledge of the prevalence and characteristics of these patients creates awareness among surgeons and a foundation for future studies on perioperative management.