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Lasky S, Moshal T, Jolibois M, Roohani I, Manasyan A, Husain F, Harris S, Nagengast ES, Urata MM, Magee WP, Hammoudeh JA. Orthognathic Surgery Rates in Furlow Double-Opposing Z-Plasty Versus Straight-Line Repair: A Review of Three Decades of Experience. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241277395. [PMID: 39150018 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241277395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of different surgical techniques on maxillary growth remains unclear. This study investigates the long-term impact of Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty versus straight-line repair (SLR) techniques on midface growth and subsequent orthognathic surgery. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS This study evaluated patients who underwent primary palatoplasty with Furlow or SLR techniques from 1994-2023. Patients were >14 years old at their most recent follow-up. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Primary outcomes were orthognathic surgery and orthognathic surgery recommendation rates to correct midface hypoplasia (MFH). Cephalometrics at the time of orthognathic surgery recommendation were traced to validate MFH. RESULTS In total, 1857 patients underwent palatoplasty, of which 335 met inclusion criteria (49 SLR, 286 Furlow). Average age at last follow-up was 18.5±2.6 years. Patients who underwent Furlow versus SLR showed no significant difference in orthognathic surgery rates (p=0.428) or recommendation for orthognathic surgery rates (p=0.900). Patients recommended to undergo orthognathic surgery had more negative ANB angles (p<0.001) and smaller SNA angles (p<0.001) than patients not recommended for orthognathic surgery, demonstrating maxillary hypoplasia. Upon multivariate regression, patients with Veau III and IV clefts had an increased need for orthognathic surgery, p=0.047 and p=0.008, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher cleft severity contributes to future orthognathic surgery. However, palatoplasty technique did not influence orthognathic surgery rates. Our results provide valuable data when surgeons are considering the impact of palatoplasty technique on sagittal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Lasky
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tayla Moshal
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marah Jolibois
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Idean Roohani
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Artur Manasyan
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatemah Husain
- Department of Orthodontics, Kuwait University, Jabriya, KW, USA
| | - Samuel Harris
- Division of Dentistry, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Nagengast
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Urata
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William P Magee
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hammoudeh
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Elayah SA, Wu M, Al-Moraissi EA, Yin J, Sakran KA, Al-Gumaei WS, Younis H, Almagrami I, Alqadasy NE, Li Y, Shi B. Impact of relaxing incisions on maxillofacial growth following Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique in patients with isolated cleft palate: a preliminary comparative study. BMC Surg 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37996863 PMCID: PMC10668437 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of relaxing incisions on maxillofacial growth following Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique in patients with isolated cleft palate. STUDY DESIGN A Retrospective Cohort Study. METHODS A total of 90 participants, 60 patients with non-syndromic isolated soft and hard cleft palate underwent primary palatoplasty (30 patients received the Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique without relaxing incision (S.F-RI group), and 30 received Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique with relaxing (S.F+RI group) with no significant difference found between them regarding the cleft type, cleft width, and age at repair. While the other 30 were healthy noncleft participants with skeletal class I pattern as a Control group. The control group (C group) was matched with the patient groups in number, age, and sex. All participants had lateral cephalometric radiographs at least 5 years old age. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with the same equipment by the same experienced radiologist while the participants were in centric occlusion and a standardized upright position, with the transporionic axis and Frankfort horizontal plane parallel to the surface of the floor. A well-trained assessor (S. Elayah) used DOLPHIN Imaging Software to trace twice to eliminate measurement errors. All the study variables were measured using stable landmarks, including 12 linear and 10 angular variants. RESULTS The mean age at collection of cephalograms was 6.03 ± 0.80 in the S.F+RI group, 5.96 ± 0.76 in the S.F-RI group, and 5.91 ± 0.87 in the C group. Regarding cranial base, the results showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups in S-N and S-N-Ba. While the S.F+R.I group had a significantly shortest S-Ba than the S.F-R.I & C groups (P = 0.01 & P < 0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference between S.F-R.I & C groups (P = 0.71). Regarding the skeletal maxilla, there was no significant difference between the S.F+R.I and S.F-R.I groups in all linear measurements (N-ANS and S-PM) except Co-A, the S.F+R.I group had significantly shorter Co-A than the S.F-R.I & C groups (P = < 0.01). While the angular measurement, S.F+R.I group had significantly less SNA angle than the S.F-R.I & C groups (P = < 0.01). Regarding mandibular bone, there were no statistically significant differences in all linear and angular mandibular measurements between the S.F+R.I and S.F-R.I.groups. Regarding intermaxillary relation, the S.F+R.I group had significant differences in Co-Gn-Co-A and ANB compared to the S.F-R.I & C groups (P = < 0.01). While there was no statistically significant difference in PP-MP between the three groups. CONCLUSION As a preliminary report, the Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique without relaxing incisions was found to have a good maxillary positioning in the face and a satisfactory intermaxillary relationship compared to the Sommerlad-Furlow modified technique with relaxing incisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadam Ahmed Elayah
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Jiayi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Karim Ahmed Sakran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Waseem Saleh Al-Gumaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hamza Younis
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ibtehal Almagrami
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Nadia E Alqadasy
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibn Al-Nafis University for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology &, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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The Impact of Lateral Relaxing Incision on Middle Ear Function in Cleft Palate Repair. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e277-e281. [PMID: 36872493 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with cleft palate are susceptible to otitis media with effusion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lateral relaxing incision (RI) on middle ear function in cleft palate patients who underwent palatoplasty using double-opposing Z-plasty (DOZ). This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent bilateral ventilation tube insertion concurrently with DOZ, wherein RI was selectively performed on the right side of the palate (Rt-RI group) or not (No-RI group). The frequency of VTI, duration of the first ventilation tube retention, and hearing outcomes at the last follow-up were reviewed. Outcomes were compared using the χ2 test and t test. A total of 126 treated ears from 63 non-syndromic children (18 male, 45 female) with cleft palate were reviewed. The mean age at surgery was 15.8±6.17 months. There were no significant differences in the frequency of ventilation tube insertion between the right and left ears within the Rt-RI group or between the Rt-RI and no-RI groups in the right ear. Subgroup analysis for ventilation tube retention time, auditory brainstem response thresholds, and air-conduction pure tone averages showed no significant differences. In the DOZ, the use of RI had no significant effects on middle ear outcomes during 3 years of follow-up. Relaxing incision seems to be safe without concern for middle ear function in children with cleft palate.
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Davies A, Davies A, Wren Y, Deacon S, Cobb A, McLean N, David D, Chummun S. Syndromes associated with Robin sequence: a national prospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:42-46. [PMID: 36376018 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of syndromic Robin sequence (RS) in the UK and if this group of patients had an increased need for airway and feeding management compared with a non-syndromic RS cohort. DESIGN A prospective national multicentre study of cases submitted to the Cleft Collective cohort studies. SETTING Specialist cleft services in the UK. PATIENTS 259 participants who fulfilled the diagnosis of RS. This group was compared with 548 participants with cleft palate only (CPO). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the presence of a syndrome in patients with RS and CPO. Secondary outcome measures included the use of airway and feeding adjuncts. RESULTS An associated syndrome was seen in 28% of patients with RS and 14% of patients with CPO. The most common syndrome for the RS group was Stickler syndrome (27%). Syndromic status was significantly higher among patients with RS compared with those with CPO (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.65 to 3.39; p<0.001). Patients with syndromic RS have an increased reliance on airway adjuncts compared with the patients without syndromic RS (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.64; p=0.018). There was no evidence of a difference in the use of feeding adjuncts between syndromic and non-syndromic RS groups (OR 2.43, 95% CI 0.78 to 7.58; p=0.126). CONCLUSION The presence of a syndrome has implications for management of patients with RS. Early identification of a syndrome may help prevent the consequences of a missed syndromic diagnosis. Routine ophthalmological and genetic screening for Stickler syndrome should be mandatory for all patients with RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Davies
- South West Cleft Service, University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK .,The Cleft Collective, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Davies
- The Cleft Collective, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yvonne Wren
- The Cleft Collective, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Scott Deacon
- South West Cleft Service, University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Alistair Cobb
- South West Cleft Service, University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil McLean
- Craniofacial Australia, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David David
- Craniofacial Australia, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shaheel Chummun
- South West Cleft Service, University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Observation of Palatal Wound Healing Process Following Various Degrees of Mucoperiosteal and Bone Trauma in a Young Rat Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081142. [PMID: 36009769 PMCID: PMC9405411 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The exact correlation of palatal trauma to maxillary inhibition has not been demonstrated. This paper determines the influence of different degrees of palatal trauma on maxillofacial growth and assesses whether usage of ADM can help rescue the inhibited growth during palatal wound healing. This research would help the surgeons comprehensively understand the impact of palatal trauma on maxillary growth and the therapeutic effect of the ADM. Abstract The accidental injury or surgery on soft and hard palatal tissue has an adverse impact on normal maxillary morphology. To design a single-factor experiment that excludes other interfering factors on maxillary growth, a young rat model was established to simulate the various degrees of palatal trauma. Eight maxillary parameters were measured to evaluate the impact of palatal trauma on maxillary growth. Furthermore, the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) was applied to cure the palatal trauma and alleviate the adverse impact of bone denudation on the maxillary growth. Micro-CT scanning and histology analyses were used. One-way ANOVA with least significant difference (LSD) post-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance. The palatal trauma mainly disturbed the transverse development of the maxilla. ADM promotes mucosa healing, but there is still an inhibitory effect on maxillofacial growth.
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