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Alansari N, Abed H, Abid M. Oral flora and functional dysbiosis of cleft lip and palate patients: A scoping review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:255-268. [PMID: 37173294 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This scoping review aimed to conduct an assessment of the current literature on specific ecological changes in the oral microbiota of individuals living with cleft lip and/or palate. METHODS All studies that assess oral microbiota and ecological changes distinct of individuals living with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were used, using planned search keywords. Included articles were grouped into cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and retrospective reviews. RESULTS A total of 164 eligible title articles were recognized. Of these, 32 full-text studies were included in the present review. All the included articles were published between 1992 and 2022. These studies were two retrospective studies, two review studies, and the remaining (n = 28) were observational studies. CONCLUSION The oral flora of cleft lip and/or palate patients has been shown in scientific studies to have an increased frequency of potentially pathogenic fungal and bacterial colonization, particularly Candida species, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacili and Streptococci mutans. This may influence oral diseases and post-operative repair complications, potentially necessitating further surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alansari
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Department of Orthodontics, Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hassan Abed
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushriq Abid
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Ahmedi S, Khan I, Ghanem S, Manzoor N. Limonene synergistically augments fluconazole susceptibility in clinical Candida isolates from cleft lip and palate patients. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2024; 15:47-54. [PMID: 38690249 PMCID: PMC11057589 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_34_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients are prone to Candida infections (oral thrush) mainly due to poor oral hygiene, repetitive surgeries, and orthodontic procedures. Aim This study was undertaken to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of limonene against clinical Candida isolates from CLP patients. Materials and Methods The antifungal efficacy of limonene was studied alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against six standards, twenty nine FLC sensitive, and three FLC resistant clinical strains using broth dilution, checkerboard microdilution, agar disk diffusion, growth curves, and spot assays. Results This nontoxic monoterpene gave low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 300-375 µg/mL and 500-520 µg/mL for FLC susceptible and FLC resistant strains, respectively. It showed synergistic interaction with FLC in all clinical and standard Candida strains (fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ≤0.5). Conclusion Significant chemosensitization of FLC was observed even against resistant clinical isolates. Complete suppression of fungal growth was observed when using combinations. Negligible toxicity, easy availability, and potent antifungal properties suggest that limonene and FLC combinations in appropriate doses can make excellent antifungal mouthwashes during CLP treatment pre and post surgery. Impending in vivo studies are needed to validate the present data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiema Ahmedi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Samah Ghanem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Gershater E, Liu Y, Xue B, Shin MK, Koo H, Zheng Z, Li C. Characterizing the microbiota of cleft lip and palate patients: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1159455. [PMID: 37143743 PMCID: PMC10152472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial cleft disorders, including cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), are one of the most frequently-occurring congenital disorders worldwide. The health issues of patients with CL/P encompass far more than just their anatomic anomaly, as patients with CL/P are prone to having a high incidence of infectious diseases. While it has been previously established that the oral microbiome of patients with CL/P differs from that of unaffected patients, the exact nature of this variance, including the relevant bacterial species, has not been fully elucidated; likewise, examination of anatomic locations besides the cleft site has been neglected. Here, we intended to provide a comprehensive review to highlight the significant microbiota differences between CL/P patients and healthy subjects in various anatomic locations, including the teeth inside and adjacent to the cleft, oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, and ear, as well as bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions. A number of bacterial and fungal species that have been proven to be pathogenic were found to be prevalently and/or specifically detected in CL/P patients, which can benefit the development of CL/P-specific microbiota management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Binglan Xue
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Min Kyung Shin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhong Zheng, ; Chenshuang Li,
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhong Zheng, ; Chenshuang Li,
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Boriollo MFG, Oliveira MC, Bassinello V, Aníbal PC, da Silva TA, da Silva JJ, Bassi RC, Netto MFR, Dos Santos Dias CT, Höfling JF. Candida species biotypes and polyclonality of potentially virulent Candida albicans isolated from oral cavity of patients with orofacial clefts. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3061-3084. [PMID: 34791549 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the incidence of Candida species, and the genetic diversity and virulence of C. albicans of the oral cavity from patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral samples were investigated by microbiological and species-specific PCR methods. The genetic diversity of C. albicans was established using isoenzyme markers, Nei's statistics, and clustering analysis. Hydrolytic enzymes (SAPs and PLs) were analyzed in vitro. RESULTS Oral colonization by Candida species was observed in 29 patients with CLP (65.9%), and C. albicans was highly prevalent. SAP and PL activities were observed in 100% and 51.9% of isolates, respectively. High genetic diversity and patterns of monoclonal and polyclonal oral colonization by C. albicans were observed among patients with CLP. Two major polymorphic taxa (A and B) and other minor polymorphic taxa (C to J) were identified. Only one of the 16 clusters (taxon A) harbored strains from patients with and without CLP, whereas other clusters harbored strains exclusively from CLP patients. CONCLUSIONS The anatomical conditions of the oral cavity of patients with CLP contribute to the high incidence of Candida species (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and/or Candida spp.). Data suggest high genetic diversity of potentially virulent C. albicans strains in the oral cavity of CLP patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Microbiological niches in orofacial clefts can contribute to the emergence of a relative clinical genotypic identity of C. albicans. However, orofacial rehabilitation centers can contribute to the direct and indirect sources of transmission and propagation of Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fabiano Gomes Boriollo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bassinello
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Aníbal
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Thaísla Andrielle da Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Júnior da Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carlos Bassi
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Rodrigues Netto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Dos Santos Dias
- Department of Exact Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 11 Pádua Dias Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Höfling
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), 901 Limeira Ave, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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