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Noguchi H, Higashi M, Desaki R, Tasaki T, Kirishima M, Kitazono I, Tabata K, Tanimoto A. Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma Coexisting with Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:339-345. [PMID: 34665056 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in adults usually occurs in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes when bone marrow hematopoiesis fails. EMH has also been recognized in benign or malignant hepatic tumors, such as hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular adenoma, and vascular tumors. However, it is rarely encountered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in elderly adults, and the molecular mechanism of EMH in hepatic tumors remains unclear. We present a case of a 74-year-old man without any hematopoietic disorders and hepatitis viral infection who underwent hepatic resection for HCC. Histological examination revealed a well-differentiated HCC with trilineage hematopoiesis in the tumor and non-neoplastic liver. The coexistence of HCC and EMH in adult patients with no hematopoietic disorders is very rare and must be distinguished from poorly differentiated or dedifferentiated HCC and hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Noguchi
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Michiyo Higashi
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryo Desaki
- Tanegashima Medical Center, Kagoshima 891-3198, Japan
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Mari Kirishima
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kitazono
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- 208512Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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ERGÜN S, GÜNEŞ S, BÜYÜKALPELLİ R, AYDIN O. Glutamate transporter SLC1A1 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:531-537. [PMID: 30862152 PMCID: PMC7024430 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1808-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study aimed to comparatively analyze the expression levels of the SLC1A1 gene in renal specimens from tumors and adjacent healthy kidney tissues of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Material and methods Nineteen patients diagnosed with ccRCC were included in the study. The expression levels of the SLC1A1 and GAPDH genes were measured in tumor and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from the adjacent healthy kidney of each subject. Via the GEPIA database, the distribution of SLC1A1 gene expressions in ccRCC and healthy kidney tissues was obtained. The relative expression of SLC1A1 was evaluated for the association with the clinical parameters of the patients. Results The expression of the SLC1A1 gene was significantly higher in males than females (P = 0.029). Also, there were statistically significant associations between stages II–IV and Fuhrman grades 2–4 with respect to SLC1A1 gene expression (P < 0.001 for both). Moreover, low levels of red blood cell and hemoglobin counts were significantly associated with the SLC1A1 expression (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The expression of the SLC1A1 gene in tumor tissues increased approximately 3 times compared with normal kidney tissues (P < 0.05). According to the GEPIA database, SLC1A1 gene expression is significantly higher in ccRCC patients than healthy persons (P = 0.01). Conclusion The change in the expression of SLC1A1 may be crucial for ccRCC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan ERGÜN
- Ulubey Vocational Higher School, Ordu University, OrduTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Sezgin GÜNEŞ
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, SamsunTurkey
| | - Recep BÜYÜKALPELLİ
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, SamsunTurkey
| | - Oğuz AYDIN
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, SamsunTurkey
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Badr N, Roberts C, Shaaban A. Extramedullary Haematopoiesis in Axillary Lymph Nodes of Breast Carcinoma Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall. Pathobiology 2018; 86:167-172. [DOI: 10.1159/000493752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bao Y, Liu Z, Guo M, Li B, Sun X, Wang L. Extramedullary hematopoiesis secondary to malignant solid tumors: a case report and literature review. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1461-1470. [PMID: 29922090 PMCID: PMC5997179 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s161746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) usually occurs in hematological disease, but more rarely develops in cases of malignant solid tumors. Due to its features on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that are atypical, EMH in tumor patients might easily be misdiagnosed as metastasis leading to the improper TNM staging and inappropriate therapy. Here, we reported the first case of pleural EMH occurring in a patient with esophageal carcinoma whose pleural lesion was first diagnosed as metastasis and confirmed EMH after the needle biopsy. In addition, a retrospective review was conducted by analyzing patients presented with EMH with malignant solid tumors from PubMed and Medline databases. A total of 42 solid tumor patients with EMH were enrolled, and breast cancer was the most common (n=13, 31.0%), followed by renal carcinoma (n=7, 16.7%) and lung cancer (n=6, 14.3%). A wide variety of body sites may be affected by EMH in malignant solid tumor patients, of which the lymph nodes (n=8, 19.0%) and liver (n=7, 16.7%) were the most common, followed by the kidney (n=6, 14.3%). All patients were diagnosed with EMH by excision, biopsy, or autopsy. Treatment strategies for EMH included surgery (n=25, 59.5%), hydroxyurea (n=1, 2.4%), and blood transfusions (n=2, 4.8%); a further 14 patients (33.3%) were subjected to clinical observation without intervention. Of the patients for whom outcome was reported, 10 patients maintained a good performance status (23.8%) and a further six patients died from the malignant tumor. This was the first study to summarize the presentations of EMH in malignant solid tumors, and our findings might provide some useful guidance for clinical practice, especially for treating patients harboring nonresponse lesions during the antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youting Bao
- Department of Oncology, Clinical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250200
| | - Meiying Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117.,Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan 250012
| | - Butuo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117.,Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan 250117
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Basic Parameters of Blood Count as Prognostic Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8687575. [PMID: 28105437 PMCID: PMC5220455 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8687575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer. Taking account of morbidity and mortality increase, it is evident that searching for independent prognostic factors is needed. Aim of the Study. The aim of the study was to analyze routinely performed blood parameters as potential prognostic factors for kidney cancer. Material and Methods. We have retrospectively reviewed the records of 230 patients treated for renal cell carcinoma in the years 2000–2006. Preoperative blood parameters, postoperative histopathological results, and staging and grading were performed. To estimate the risk of tumor recurrence and cancer specific mortality (CSM) within five years of follow-up, uni- and multivariate Cox and regression analyses were used. To assess the quality of classifiers and to search for the optimal cut-off point, the ROC curve was used. Results. T stage of the tumor metastasis is the most important risk factor for early recurrence and cancer specific mortality (p < 0.001). The preoperative platelet count (PLT) above 351 × 103/uL (95.3%; 55.1%) and AUC of 77% are negative prognostic factors and correlate with increased cancer specific mortality (CSM) during the five-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Increased risk of local recurrence was observed for PLT above 243.5 × 103/ul (59%; 88%) and AUC of 80% (p = 0.001). The opposite was observed in the mean platelets volume (MPV) for cancer specific mortality (CSM). The cut-off point for the MPV was 10.1 fl (75.4%; 55.1%) and for the AUC is of 68.1% (p = 0.047). Conclusions. Many analyzed parameters in univariate regressions reached statistical significance and could be considered as potential prognostic factors for ccRCC. In multivariate analysis, only T stage, platelet count (PLT), and mean platelet volume (MPV) correlated with CSM or recurrent ccRCC.
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Vassiliou V, Papamichael D, Lutz S, Eracleous E, Kountourakis P, Polyviou P, Michaelides I, Shoukris M, Andreopoulos D. Presacral Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in a Patient with Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Report of a Case and Literature Review. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 43 Suppl 1:S131-5. [PMID: 22318765 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-012-9370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Vassiliou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | - Stephen Lutz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Blanchard Valley Regional Cancer Center, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Eleni Eracleous
- Department of Radiology, Ayios Therissos Diagnostic Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Petros Polyviou
- Department of Radiology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Meykler S, Obstfeld A, Jhala N, Vergara N, Gupta PK. Pleural mass forming extramedullary hematopoiesis masquerading as a malignant neoplasm. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 43:996-9. [PMID: 26303071 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) represents the presence of immature hematopoietic elements and their differentiation into mature blood components outside of the medullary bone and may be seen in a variety of circumstances in the postnatal period, but is most strongly associated with disorders of the hematopoietic system. Postnatally, EMH is typically identified at sites of fetal hematopoiesis, the spleen, and liver, but occasional reports have identified it in nearly every tissue of the body. We report a case of EMH presenting as pleural mass, initially suspected to represent a neoplastic process in a patient with multiple comorbidities, including history of carcinoma, but without co-existing hematologic disorder. On-site evaluation of the fine-needle aspiration specimen was initially suspicious for a malignant neoplasm, but further evaluation revealed the lesion to be a mass forming focus of non-hepatosplenic EMH. In the era of increasing utilization of imaging, mass forming EMH is increasingly detected. When unsuspected, EMH may present a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist and may be confused for a neoplastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Meykler
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amrom Obstfeld
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nirag Jhala
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Norge Vergara
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prabodh K Gupta
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Williamson SR, Mast KJ, Cheng L, Idrees MT. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with intratumoral and nodal extramedullary megakaryopoiesis: a potential diagnostic pitfall. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1306-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Morais C, Johnson DW, Vesey DA, Gobe GC. Functional significance of erythropoietin in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:14. [PMID: 23305401 PMCID: PMC3554558 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the molecules regulated by the transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), is the hypoxia-responsive hematopoietic factor, erythropoietin (EPO). This may have relevance to the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), where mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene are major risk factors for the development of familial and sporadic RCC. VHL mutations up-regulate and stabilize HIF, which in turn activates many downstream molecules, including EPO, that are known to promote angiogenesis, drug resistance, proliferation and progression of solid tumours. HIFs typically respond to hypoxic cellular environment. While the hypoxic microenvironment plays a critical role in the development and progression of tumours in general, it is of special significance in the case of RCC because of the link between VHL, HIF and EPO. EPO and its receptor, EPOR, are expressed in many cancers, including RCC. This limits the use of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) to treat anaemia in cancer patients, because the rhEPO may be stimulatory to the cancer. EPO may also stimulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RCC, and pathological EMT has a key role in cancer progression. In this mini review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of EPO in RCC. The available data, either for or against the use of EPO in RCC patients, are equivocal and insufficient to draw a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Building 33, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
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Ricci D, Mandreoli M, Valentino M, Sabattini E, Santoro A. Extramedullary haematopoiesis in the kidney. Clin Kidney J 2012; 5:143-145. [PMID: 29497517 PMCID: PMC5783215 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfs015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is the development of haematopoietic tissue outside the bone marrow and it most often occurs in the liver and spleen. Renal EMH is quite rare and there are very few case reports concerning the kidney. We describe two cases of ‘renal histologically documented EMH’ and, in particular, in the second of these two, the EMH tissue coexists with a clear cell renal carcinoma. Although rare, these clinical pictures raise some questions about the role of needle biopsy in the management of renal masses that present a diagnostic dilemma, especially in cases without involvement of other abdominal or intrathoracic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ricci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcora Mandreoli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Valentino
- Radiology of Emergency Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Hemo-Limphopathology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Hypertension Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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