UbcH10 Expression in Benign, Hyperplastic, and Malignant Endometrial Curetted Materials

UbcH10 a Major Actor in Cancerogenesis and a Potential Tool for Diagnosis and Therapy

Malignant transformation is a multistep process in which several molecular entities become dysregulated and result in dysfunction in the regulation of cell proliferation. In past years, scientists have gradually dissected the pathways involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. The mitotic ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH10, has been extensively studied since its cloning and characterization and it has been identified as a constantly overexpressed factor in many types of cancer. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature about UbcH10 in human cancer, pointing out the association between its overexpression and exacerbation of cancer phenotype. Moreover, many recalled studied demonstrated how immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR analysis can distinguish normal tissues and benign lesions from malignant neoplasms. In other experimental studies, many of the consequences of UbcH10 overexpression, such as increased proliferation, metastasizing, cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs are reversed through gene silencing techniques. In recent years, many authors have defined UbcH10 evaluation in cancer patients as a useful tool for diagnosis and therapy. This opinion is shared by the authors who advertise how it would be useful to start using in clinical practice the notions acquired about this important moleculein the carcinogenesis of many human malignancies.

Combining Bioinformatics and Experiments to Identify and Verify Key Genes with Prognostic Values in Endometrial Carcinoma

Endometrial carcinoma(EC) is the most common cancer of female reproductive system, thus requiring for new effective biomarkers which could predict the onset of EC and poor prognosis. Our study integrated two GEO datasets(i.e.GSE63678, GSE17025) and TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas ) UCEC data to screen out 344 common differentially expressed genes(DEGs), which were further analyzed by GO(gene ontology) functions and KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome) pathways. KEGG analysis results showed these DEGs were mainly enriched in cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, cellular senescence, carbon metabolism and p53 signaling pathway. Top 20 hub genes with higher degree were selected from PPI(protein-protein interaction) network and 15 of them were associated with the prognosis of EC, that is, CCNB2, CDC20, BUB1B, UBE2C, AURKB, FOXM1, NCAPG, RRM2, TPX2, DLGAP5, CDCA8, CDC45, MKI67, BUB1, KIF2C. UBE2C(Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 C) was chosen for further validation in TCGA cohort on mRNA level and in our patient samples on protein level by immunohistochemistry. UBE2C was significantly highly expressed in endometrial carcinoma, and its expression level was associated with advanced FIGO staging and poor prognosis. Cox risk model demonstrated high UBE2C expression was an independent risk factor. Somatic mutations, elevated copy number, DNA hypomethylation all contributed to its overexpression. Therefore, by combination of bioinformatics and experiment, our study provided a unique insight into the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying EC and discovered new biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic prediction. UBE2C could serve as a potential marker to predict poor prognosis and as a therapeutic target.

Silencing ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) is a core ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the ubiquitin-proteasome system that promotes cell cycle progression. Previous studies have indicated that UBE2C mediates tumorigenesis and progression in various cancers, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. This study elucidated the function of UBE2C in PDAC tumorigenesis and progression by determining UBE2C expression via real-time qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The associations between UBE2C expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival were assessed using a tissue microarray based on a multicentre PDAC cohort. We found that UBE2C was strongly expressed in PDAC patient tissues and was negatively associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and survival (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that high UBE2C expression is an independent risk factor for PDAC (P = 0.001). In the PDAC cell lines CFPAC-1 and Panc-1, silencing UBE2C suppressed cell proliferation by inducing G1/S arrest mediated by downregulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, UBE2C knockdown decreased the migration of PDAC cells in vitro by downregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA-seq analysis showed that upon silencing UBE2C in CFPAC-1 cells, cyclin D1 and vimentin were downregulated by approximately 3.5-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively, and the major enriched pathways were related to cell cycle progression. Experiments on tumour-bearing mice injected with CFPAC-1 cells indicated that UBE2C depletion significantly inhibits tumour growth in vivo. These results suggest that UBE2C is involved in the development and progression of PDAC by regulating cell proliferation and EMT. UBE2C is a novel potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. DATABASE: Data are available in the GEO database under accession number GSE137172.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH10 promotes gastric cancer growth and is a potential biomarker for gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is a fatal disease and the availability of early diagnostic methods is limited. There is an urgent need to identify effective targets for early diagnosis and therapeutics. UbcH10 is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme with high expression in various types of cancers. In the present study, several gastric tumor cell lines with high or low expression of UbcH10 were exploited to study the role of UbcH10 in gastric cancer. Knockdown of UbcH10 expression using siRNA in gastric cancer cell lines with high expression of UbcH10 resulted in reduced proliferation, increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis and reduced serum-induced ERK, Akt and p38 phosphorylation signaling. In agreement, overexpression of UbcH10 in gastric cancer cell lines with low expression of UbcH10 led to enhanced cell proliferation and resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Most importantly, IHC analyses showed that the UbcH10 protein was expressed at a high level in most patient gastric cancer tissues, but was absent in adjacent mesenchyme tissues. These data suggest that UbcH10 may promote gastric cancer growth and can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis or as a target for novel therapeutics in gastric cancer.