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Guo Y, Zhou SH, Cao ZZ, Bao YY, Shen LF, Yao HT. Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Langerhans Cell Sarcoma: Is There a Link? A Case Report. Front Oncol 2022; 11:769310. [PMID: 35117987 PMCID: PMC8803631 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is an extremely rare, malignant neoplasm that originates from Langerhans cells (LCs). Fewer than 70 cases have been reported in the English-language literature. LCS typically involves multiple organs, including the skin, lymph nodes, lungs, bone, bone marrow, liver, spleen, and soft tissues. Several etiological factors for LCS have been proposed, including immunosuppression, virus infection, and prior hematological disease. We report a rare case of LCS with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection; bilateral cervical giant cysts were the initial manifestation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LCS with EBV infection. The case information was complete, and the relevant literature was reviewed to gain insight into LCS. The case raises new questions on the oncogenic character of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Zai Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Fang Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Cheng F, Yu F, Wang X, Huang K, Lu H, Wang Z. A Pedigree Analysis and Clonal Correlations of the Coexistence of B-Cell Lymphoma and Histiocytic/Dendritic Cell Tumor. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 29:906-914. [PMID: 33939500 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Histiocytic/dendritic cell tumors are rare in clinical practice. It is postulated that they originate from bone marrow stem cells. Accumulating evidence has established the existence of immunoglobulin gene and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in these tumors. Cases of transdifferentiation across lineages from follicular lymphoma to histiocytic/dendritic cell tumors have also been reported. Herein, we report 2 adult males with histiocytic neoplasms coexisting with B-cell lymphoma. Laser capture microdissection and capillary electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed comparable immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in both patients. In one case, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), Langerhans cell sarcoma, and histiocytic sarcoma coexisted in the lymph nodes. 11q22 deletion often present in CLL/SLL and expression of the BRAF V600E gene was detected in all the 3 components. In the other case, there diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma coexisted in the spleen. Forty-seven mutated genes commonly found in B-cell lymphoma were detected by next-generation sequencing. In the same line, DTX1, IRF8, KMT2D, MAP2K1, and TET2 genes were found to have similar mutation sites. The results of this study will contribute in providing new ideas for targeted treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- 71069The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Yu
- 71069The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- 71069The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Huang
- 71069The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- 56709Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 71069The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Ronen S, Keiser E, Collins KM, Aung PP, Nagarajan P, Tetzlaff MT, Curry JL, Ivan D, Prieto VG, Hymes S, Medeiros LJ, Torres-Cabala CA. Langerhans cell sarcoma involving skin and showing epidermotropism: A comprehensive review. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:547-557. [PMID: 32644218 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is rare and aggressive; patients have an overall survival rate of less than 50%. We present a 62-year-old man with a history of superficial spreading melanoma of the upper back with sentinel lymph node metastasis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and LCS. The patient presented with erythematous papules and scaly areas on his face, neck, arms, chest, abdomen, and legs. A skin biopsy revealed a proliferation of large neoplastic cells involving the dermis and with epidermotropism. These cells had atypical bean-shaped nuclei, with ample cytoplasm and abundant mitotic figures including atypical forms. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor to be diffusely positive for CD1a, S100 protein, and langerin (CD207) and negative for melanocytic markers. Some tumor cells were positive for cyclin D1. A diagnosis of LCS involving the skin was established. The present study is a very unusual case of LCS showing epidermotropism. The patient's history of metastatic melanoma posed additional challenges for diagnosis, underlying the need of immunophenotyping in these cases. Consensus for optimal standard therapy has not been established in LCS, and thus, early recognition is important since these neoplasms tend to recur and metastasize. LCS in skin is discussed and published cases are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Ronen
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Keiser
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katrina M Collins
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Doina Ivan
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon Hymes
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, Dermatopathology Section, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Katsuragawa H, Yamada Y, Ishida Y, Kaku Y, Fujimoto M, Kataoka TR, Haga H. A case of Langerhans cell sarcoma on the scalp: Whole-exome sequencing reveals a role of ultraviolet in the pathogenesis. Pathol Int 2020; 70:881-887. [PMID: 33410565 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a high-grade neoplasm with overtly malignant cytological features and a Langerhans cell phenotype. The underlying genetic features are poorly understood, and only a few alterations, such as those of the MARK pathway-related genes, CDKN2A and TP53 have been reported. Here we present a 70-year-old male with LCS on the scalp and pulmonary metastasis. The multinodular tumor, 3.0 cm in diameter, consisted of diffusely proliferated pleomorphic cells with numerous mitoses (53/10 HPFs). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD1a, Langerin and PD-L1, and the Ki-67 labeling index was 50%. These pathological features were consistent with LCS, and were also observed in the metastatic tumor. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that both the primary and metastatic tumors harbored a large number of mutations (>20 mutations/megabase), with deletion of CDKN2A and TP53 mutation, and highlighted that the mutational signature was predominantly characteristic of ultraviolet (UV) exposure (W = 0.828). Our results suggest, for the first time, that DNA damage by UV could accumulate in Langerhans cells and play a role in the pathogenesis of LCS. The high mutational burden and PD-L1 expression in the tumor would provide a rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of unresectable LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yo Kaku
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fujimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki R Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Soler AP, Miller M, Smith TL. Langerhans cell sarcoma of the skin in association with superficial atypical Langerhans cell proliferation. Rare Tumors 2017; 9:7037. [PMID: 29218135 PMCID: PMC5708304 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2017.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Miller
- Miraca Life Sciences, Hematopathology Division, Phoenix, AZ
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Zhang Y, Qu Z, Fang F. Langerhans cell sarcoma originating from left knee subcutaneous tissue: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3687-3694. [PMID: 27900055 PMCID: PMC5104150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells with notably malignant cytological features. Reports of LCS are sparsely available in English literature; to the best of our knowledge, only 55 cases have been reported. The present study reports a case of LCS originating from subcutaneous tissue of the left knee in a 75-year-old man. The diagnosis of LCS was supported by the results of magnetic resonance imaging, histological and immunohistochemical studies. The tumor began to metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes and eventually involved multiple organs. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered but were ineffective, and the patient died within 2 years of diagnosis. The present case should aid in expanding the currently available knowledge concerning LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaonan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zongyang Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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7
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Howard JEF, Masterson L, Dwivedi RC, Jani P. Langerhans cell sarcoma of the head and neck. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99:180-8. [PMID: 26777877 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck Langerhans cell sarcoma (HNLCS) is a rare malignant tumor carrying a poor prognosis. The aim of this work was to perform a systematic review of HNLCS cases, examine outcomes, and develop an evidence-based management algorithm. We performed a systematic literature search yielding 16 studies with 17 cases of HNLCS; 33 studies with 55 Non-HNLCS were used as a comparison. Mean disease-specific survival was 20.5 months (SE ± 5.1) for HNLCS versus 26.2 months (SE±4.2) for non-HNLCS. There was no significant difference in disease-specific (p = 0.768) or disease-free survival (p = 0.880) between the two cohorts. There was a significant difference in both disease-specific (p = 0.044) and disease-free survival (p = 0.001) between local, locoregional and disseminated disease favoring more limited disease. HNLCS appears to present later, with more disseminated disease. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of local disease, however clear margins do not guarantee clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E F Howard
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Liam Masterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, CB1 1QP, UK
| | - Raghav C Dwivedi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Piyush Jani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Langerhans cell sarcoma: a systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:320-31. [PMID: 25805533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare malignant tumour of Langerhans cells with a poor outcome. Given its rarity, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most appropriate treatment for this condition. Therefore the aim of this work was to review, compile, analyse and present clinical details and to determine the optimal treatment regimen. A search of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar was supplemented by hand searching. Data extracted included demographics, treatment, type of LCS and clinical outcome. Of 510 citations identified by a systematic literature search, 46 case series including 66 subjects with LCS met criteria for analysis. The most common treatment modality was chemotherapy, used alone or in combination in 47 cases (71%) followed by surgery in 31 cases (47%). Overall mean (S.E.) disease specific survival and disease free survival were 27.2 (3.9) and 18.3 (3.8) months respectively. There was a significant difference in both disease specific and disease free survival between the local, loco-regional and disseminated disease cohorts (DSS p=0.014; DFS p<0.001). More localised disease confers a survival advantage. Multi-modality therapy appears to be most effective, with the addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy appearing beneficial. Complete surgical excision with clear margins being most effective for local disease control. Any adjuvant therapy should not be delayed. Bone marrow transplant appears to be the most reliable treatment in terms of outcome especially in disseminated disease however has well known patient selection and toxicity/tolerance issues. The role of cell surface markers for prognostication remains unclear.
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Balog A, Meyerson H. Case study interpretation-Fort Lauderdale: Case 1. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 88:396-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balog
- Department of Pathology; Allegheny General Hospital; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Howard Meyerson
- Department of Pathology; University Hospitals Case Medical Center; Cleveland Ohio
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