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Westerskov Dalgas B, Elmose-Østerlund K, Bredahl TVG. Exploring basic psychological needs within and across domains of physical activity. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2308994. [PMID: 38327214 PMCID: PMC10854434 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2308994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored variations in adults' experience of satisfaction, unfulfilment and frustration of basic psychological needs within and across four domains of physical activity: Transport, household, occupation, and recreation. METHODS We utilized a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of 42 Danish adults. The participants ranged in age from 16 to 79 years (mean age 49 years, SD 21 years), gender (45% men, 55% women), and physical activity levels (38% low, 33% average, 29% high). Data were analysed using a thematic analysis, applying Self-Determination Theory as the guiding framework. RESULTS In the Transport domain, while most activities were seen as utilitarian necessities, autonomy satisfaction emerged for some through control over their means of transport. In Household domain, tasks were generally viewed as obligatory; however, activities with personal significance led to autonomy satisfaction and skill development. Occupation-wise, physical activity satisfaction varied, with the nature of the job impacting feelings of autonomy and competence. For Recreation domain, personal choice dictated autonomy satisfaction, with competence and relatedness varying according to goal achievement and social interactions. CONCLUSION The variations in the findings across domains indicate the effectiveness of applying strategies tailored to specific domains for enhancing need satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Westerskov Dalgas
- CONTACT Birgitte Westerskov Dalgas Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense5230, Denmark
| | - Karsten Elmose-Østerlund
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Dalgas BW, Ntoumanis N, Elmose-Østerlund K, Bredahl TVG. Exploring the process of restoring psychological needs after incidences of frustration and need unfulfillment. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1413963. [PMID: 38903469 PMCID: PMC11188414 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1413963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research on psychological need restoration after incidences of need frustration holds promise for deepening our understanding of the dynamic nature of psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory. We aimed to extend this work by exploring differences in the process of restoring psychological needs after indences of frustration versus need unfulfillment. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 Danish adults varying in age, gender, and physical activity levels. Data were analyzed using the Framework Method. Results We identified four distinct yet interconnected phases in the need restoration process: Discrepancies between Actual and Desired Need States, Experiencing Negative Emotions, Initiating Plans for Action, and Action Stage. These stages offer a comprehensive framework for understanding how individuals restore their needs. Discussion We discerned contrasting approaches to need restoration depending on prior experiences of need frustration due to external contingencies versus need frustration due to internal factors and need unfulfillment. Need frustration due to external contingencies prompts withdrawal, aligning with the avoidance strategies identified in the literature. Conversely, unfulfilled needs and need frustration due to internal factors lead to proactive engagement, highlighting a distinct 'fight' response. These insights extend existing research, providing a nuanced understanding of the dynamic processes of need restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Elmose-Østerlund
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Putter I, van der Vaart L, Bosman J. Evaluating Need Crafting: Scale Validation and Workplace Implications. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:301. [PMID: 38667097 PMCID: PMC11047519 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Basic psychological need crafting assumes that need-based experiences are enhanced through intentional behavior and thought changes. Despite its known benefits outside of the work context, need crafting instruments designed for this context, and the implications of need crafting for employee functioning, remain underexplored. Thus, this study set out to adapt and validate the need crafting scale (NCS) among employees (n = 229). Results supported the construct, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of the NCS. The research also revealed that, through need crafting, employees reported enhanced experiences related to their needs, which led to higher work effort and engagement and a reduced desire to leave their jobs. Additionally, the different types of need crafting had differential direct effects on employee functioning, supporting a more nuanced understanding of the construct. As the first of its kind, the study underpins the relevance and generalizability of the NCS and need crafting in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Putter
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (I.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Leoni van der Vaart
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (I.P.); (J.B.)
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Bosman
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa; (I.P.); (J.B.)
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Kam CCS, Cheng EH, Cui T. Measuring Self-Esteem with Expanded Format in a Fraction of Time: ESE-S and ESE-US. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:196-207. [PMID: 37782046 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2259990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of Likert format scales, they are not without problems-distorted dimensionality being one of the most serious. Zhang and Savalei proposed an alternative to Likert format called the Expanded format, in which each response option in the Likert scale is replaced with a series of complete statements. In response to their recent call, the purpose of the present study is to develop concise but valid Expanded format scales for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Short (four-item) and ultra-short (two-item) scales were constructed, and their validity was examined in four studies. Results showed both new scales had good psychometric properties (dimensionality, reliability, and validity). Therefore, they would seem to be practical alternatives to the RSES for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tianxue Cui
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Huyghebaert-Zouaghi T, Ntoumanis N, Thomas J, Badré S, Berjot S. Rethinking students' psychological need states: The unique role of need unfulfilment to understanding ill-being in academic settings. Stress Health 2024:e3379. [PMID: 38319884 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Prior research has shown that students face various stressors which can affect their psychological health. The present study examines the role of students' psychological need states in explaining their burnout and dropout intentions. More precisely, relying on recent findings from Self-Determination Theory research, we examined whether students' psychological need unfulfilment could contribute to explain their ill-being over and above need satisfaction and frustration. To this end, we also tested the validity of a tripartite instrument allowing to assess these need states in academic settings (Psychological Need States in Education-Scale [PNSE-S]). A study was conducted among two samples of high school (N = 473; Sample 1) and college (N = 1143; Sample 2) students. Results supported the construct validity of the 35-item PNSE-S in both samples by showing that students' relatedness, autonomy, and competence unfulfilment can be modelled as distinct need states alongside the frustration and satisfaction of those three needs. Moreover, these different need states displayed a well-differentiated pattern of associations with various facets of student burnout and with dropout intentions. Results also showed the critical role of psychological need unfulfilment in explaining students' ill-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Danish Center for Motivation and Behaviour Change, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- C2S, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Simon Badré
- C2S, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
- Centre d'Information et d'Orientation (CIO) de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Sophie Berjot
- C2S, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
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Papachristopoulos K, Gradito Dubord MA, Jauvin F, Forest J, Coulombe P. Positive Impact, Creativity, and Innovative Behavior at Work: The Mediating Role of Basic Needs Satisfaction. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:984. [PMID: 38131840 PMCID: PMC10740987 DOI: 10.3390/bs13120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent research, a growing body of empirical evidence suggests that prosocial impact at work can play a significant role in enhancing creativity and innovativeness. Drawing from self-determination theory, we hypothesized that basic psychological needs and benevolence satisfaction could serve as a mediating factor in the relation between an employee's perceived social impact and innovative work behavior and creativity, thus illuminating the manner in which the contentment of psychological needs fosters inventive proclivities within the organizational milieu. Results from a study in Greece and Canada (N = 528) showed that both perceived social impact and prosocial motivation are positively associated with innovative work behavior and creativity while autonomy and competence satisfaction mediate the relation between perceived social impact and the work outcomes examined within this study. Moreover, prosocial motivation was found to moderate the relation between benevolence satisfaction and innovativeness. Findings extend prior research on the role of prosociality on creative behavior at work and provide supporting evidence for the organizations that encourage and support employees' initiatives to make a positive difference in the lives of others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc-Antoine Gradito Dubord
- Future of Work Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
- Department of Human ReSources Management, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Florence Jauvin
- École des Sciences de la Gestion, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3X2, Canada; (F.J.); (J.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Jacques Forest
- École des Sciences de la Gestion, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3X2, Canada; (F.J.); (J.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrick Coulombe
- École des Sciences de la Gestion, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3X2, Canada; (F.J.); (J.F.); (P.C.)
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Alamer A, Morin AJS, Alrabai F, Alharfi A. Introducing the Basic Psychological Needs Frustration in Second Language Scale (BPNF-L2): Examining its factor structure and effect on L2 motivation and achievement. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104021. [PMID: 37696146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness is well-established in second language (L2) research. However, little is known about the frustration of these basic psychological needs and how they can undermine intrinsic motivation and L2 achievement. Importantly, there is no valid scale of the frustration of the basic psychological needs in the L2 context. Accordingly, the present study introduces a new scale called the Basic Psychological Needs Frustration in Second Language (BPNF-L2) and assesses its factor structure and criterion-related validity through the application of bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (bifactor ESEM). Our results showed that scores obtained on the BPNF-L2 scale are reliable and valid. Moreover, our results support the criterion-related validity of this factor structure by showing that the general factor of BPNF-L2 negatively explains intrinsic motivation and L2 achievement while the BPNF-L2 specific factors (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness frustration) explain the outcomes differently. The results indicate that feeling frustrated because basic psychological needs are not met may hinder the enjoyment and acquisition of the L2. Educational implications, methodological advancements, and directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alamer
- Department of English, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alexandre J S Morin
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Fakieh Alrabai
- Department of English, Faculty of Languages and Translation, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Alharfi
- Department of English, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
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Gillet N, Cougot B, Moret L, Tripodi D, Boudrias JS. Longitudinal psychological empowerment profiles, their determinants, and some health-related outcomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2023.2170227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gillet
- Université de Tours, Department of Psychology, Tours, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Cougot
- Université de Tours, Department of Psychology, Tours, France
| | - Leila Moret
- Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Gegenfurtner A. Bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling: A meta-analytic review of model fit. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1037111. [PMID: 36389589 PMCID: PMC9643583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1037111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivariate behavioral research often focuses on latent constructs—such as motivation, self-concept, or wellbeing—that cannot be directly observed. Typically, these latent constructs are measured with items in standardized instruments. To test the factorial structure and multidimensionality of latent constructs in educational and psychological research, Morin et al. (2016a) proposed bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM). This meta-analytic review (158 studies, k = 308, N = 778,624) aimed to estimate the extent to which B-ESEM model fit differs from other model representations, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), hierarchical CFA, hierarchical ESEM, and bifactor-CFA. The study domains included learning and instruction, motivation and emotion, self and identity, depression and wellbeing, and interpersonal relations. The meta-analyzed fit indices were the χ2/df ratio, the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR). The findings of this meta-analytic review indicate that the B-ESEM model fit is superior to the fit of reference models. Furthermore, the results suggest that model fit is sensitive to sample size, item number, and the number of specific and general factors in a model.
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Huyghebaert-Zouaghi T, Gillet N, Fernet C, Thomas J, Ntoumanis N. Managerial predictors and motivational outcomes of workers’ psychological need states profiles: A two-wave examination. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2022.2127354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- E.E. 1901 QualiPsy, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- IUF, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Claude Fernet
- LIPROM, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières,Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Jérémy Thomas
- E.A. 6291 Laboratoire C2S, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Danish Center for Motivation and Behaviour Change, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sweden School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University Halmstad, Sweden
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Huyghebaert‐Zouaghi T, Morin AJS, Ntoumanis N, Berjot S, Gillet N. Supervisors’ Interpersonal Styles: An Integrative Perspective and A Measure Based on Self‐Determination Theory. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre J. S. Morin
- Concordia University, Canada (Substantive Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory)
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- University of Southern Denmark, Denmark (Danish Center for Motivation and Behaviour Change)
- Halmstad University, Sweden (School of Health and Welfare)
| | - Sophie Berjot
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, France (E.A. 6291, Laboratoire C2S)
| | - Nicolas Gillet
- Université de Tours, France (E.E. 1901, QualiPsy)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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Remote working: a double-edged sword for workers' personal and professional well-being. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/jmo.2021.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
While research suggests that work centrality has a positive effect on work engagement and a negative influence on family satisfaction, these relations may differ as a function of one's work setting (onsite vs. remote working). In the present study, we examined the direct and indirect – through work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), work-family enrichment (WFE), and family-work enrichment (FWE) – effects of work centrality on work engagement and family satisfaction. We also examined whether these effects of work centrality on work engagement and family satisfaction differed between onsite and remote employees. We used a cross-sectional survey design to test our hypotheses among a total of 432 employees, including 152 always working onsite and 280 working remotely. As expected, our results revealed that work centrality was positively related to work engagement and negatively to family satisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effects (IE) of work centrality on work engagement were significantly mediated by WFE, whereas the IE of work centrality on family satisfaction were significantly mediated by FWC, WFE, and FWE. Finally, the relations between work centrality and the outcomes (work engagement and family satisfaction) were stronger among onsite employees than among remote employees. These results revealed that remote working may act as a double-edged sword by buffering the negative effects of work centrality on family satisfaction but also limiting the positive effects of work centrality on work engagement. Organizations and managers should thus consider addressing employees' work centrality and work type in their efforts to promote employees' professional and personal well-being.
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Olafsen AH, Halvari H, Frølund CW. The Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Need Frustration at Work Scale: A Validation Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:697306. [PMID: 34335414 PMCID: PMC8316828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to adapt and validate the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale within self-determination theory (SDT) within the work domain. Confirmatory factor analyses of three Norwegian samples and one English sample as well as multi-group analyses to examine measurement invariance were performed. The results showed that the adapted work-related scale with its six-factor structure fitted the data well in all four samples, and partial measurement invariance was obtained across samples and languages. Furthermore, internal consistencies for the subscales were acceptable and the subscales predicted work-related correlates as expected, demonstrating the criterion validity of the scale. The current study contributes to a unifying measurement for future research on one of the central underpinnings of SDT within the work domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hagen Olafsen
- School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hønefoss, Norway
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