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Leclerc P, Savard C, Vachon DD, Payant M, Lampron M, Tremblay M, Gamache D. Associations between the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 trait facets and aggression among outpatients with personality disorder: A multimethod study. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 116:152316. [PMID: 35483202 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most research on the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was conducted with self-reports. One of the specific areas for which a multimethod design has yet to be implemented is for the PID-5's associations with aggression. The main objectives of this study were to (a) compare the PID-5 associations with self-reported and file-rated aggression, (b) compare these associations between women and men, and (c) identify the relative importance of PID-5 facet predictors. METHODS A sample of outpatients with personality disorder (N = 285) was recruited in a specialized public clinic to complete questionnaires, and a subsample was assessed for file-rated aggression (n = 227). Multiple regression analyses were performed with PID-5 facets as statistical predictors but using distinct operationalizations of aggression (self-reported vs. file-rated). Moderation analyses were performed to identify the moderating effect of biological sex. Dominance analyses were computed to identify the relative importance of predictors. RESULTS PID-5 facet predictors of self-reported and file-rated aggression were very consistent in both conditions. However, the amount of explained variance was reduced in the latter case (from 39% to 14%), especially for women (from 40% to 2%). The most important predictors were Hostility, Risk Taking, and Callousness. CONCLUSION Pertaining to the statistically significant facets associated with aggression, strong evidence of multimethod replication was found. The women-men discrepancies were not most obvious in their specific associations with aggression, but rather in their amount of explained variance, maybe reflecting examiners' or patients' implicit biases, and/or different manifestations of aggression between women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Leclerc
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3600, rue Sainte-Marguerite (Pavillon Michel-Sarrazin), Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Claudia Savard
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Université Laval, 2320, allée des Bibliothèques (Pavillon des Sciences de l'éducation), Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2301, avenue D'Estimauville, Québec, QC G1E 1T2, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Local D-307, 90, avenue Vincent d'Indy, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - David D Vachon
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Local D-307, 90, avenue Vincent d'Indy, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001, rue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Maude Payant
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 100, rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada.
| | - Mireille Lampron
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, allée des Bibliothèques (Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard), Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marc Tremblay
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, 2915, avenue du Bourg-Royal, Québec, QC G1C 3S2, Canada.
| | - Dominick Gamache
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3600, rue Sainte-Marguerite (Pavillon Michel-Sarrazin), Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2301, avenue D'Estimauville, Québec, QC G1E 1T2, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Local D-307, 90, avenue Vincent d'Indy, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada.
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van Reijswoud BE, Debast I, Videler AC, Rossi G, Lobbestael J, Segal DL, van Alphen SPJ. Severity Indices of Personality Problems-Short Form in Old-Age Psychiatry: Reliability and Validity. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:174-182. [PMID: 32267173 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1743710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Severity Indices of Personality Problems (SIPP; Verheul et al., 2008) is a popular self-report questionnaire that measures severity of maladaptive personality functioning. Two studies demonstrated the utility of the short form (SIPP-SF) among older adults but validation in clinical settings is lacking. Therefore, we examined the psychometric properties of the SIPP-SF in a large sample of older adult Dutch outpatients (N = 124; age range = 60-85 years, M = 69.8, SD = 5.3). The SIPP-SF domains showed good to excellent internal reliability (Cronbach's α = .75-.91) and effectively discriminated between participants with and without a personality disorder, as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Convergent validity of the SIPP-SF was examined with instruments for measuring personality pathology among older adults (Informant Personality questionnaire [HAP]; Gerontological Personality Disorders Scale [GPS]). The GPS generally correlated with the SIPP-SF domains in expected directions, with small to large effect sizes. For the HAP, only 1 scale correlated with all SIPP-SF domains. No associations were found between the SIPP-SF and psychiatric symptomatology as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The SIPP-SF appears to be a promising instrument for assessing maladaptive personality functioning among older adult outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inge Debast
- Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arjan C Videler
- Breburg Institute for Mental Health Care, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Gina Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jill Lobbestael
- Department of Clinical Psychology Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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McClendon J, Bogdan R, Jackson JJ, Oltmanns TF. Mechanisms of Black–White disparities in health among older adults: Examining discrimination and personality. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:995-1011. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105319860180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether personality traits help explain the association between discrimination and racial health disparities in a sample of 1033 Black and White older adults. Participants completed measures of discrimination, personality, and self-reported physical and mental health. Elevated discrimination among Black participants was indirectly linked to worse physical and mental health outcomes through elevated neuroticism and lower agreeableness, controlling income, education, and gender. The specific facets of depression, impulsiveness, and trust were the most robust intervening personality factors. Interventions that target cognitive, emotional, and behavioral sequelae of discrimination may lessen its impact on health disparities.
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The intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment: Nonspecificity of maltreatment type and associations with borderline personality pathology. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1157-1171. [DOI: 10.1017/s095457941900066x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOne generation's experience of childhood maltreatment is associated with that of the next. However, whether this intergenerational transmission is specific to distinct forms of maltreatment and what factors may contribute to its continuity remains unclear. Borderline personality pathology is predicted by childhood maltreatment and characterized by features (e.g., dysregulated emotion, relationship instability, impulsivity, and inconsistent appraisals of others) that may contribute to its propagation. Among 364 older adults and 573 of their adult children (total n = 937), self-reported exposure to distinct forms of childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) showed homotypic and heterotypic associations across generations with little evidence that latent factors unique to specific forms of maltreatment show generational continuity. General nonspecific indices of childhood maltreatment showed evidence of intergenerational transmission after accounting for demographic factors and parent socioeconomic status (b = 0.126, p = 9.21 × 10−4). This continuity was partially mediated by parental borderline personality pathology (assessed longitudinally through a variety of measures and sources, indirect effect: b = 0.031, 95% confidence interval [0.003, 0.060]). The intergenerational continuity of childhood maltreatment may largely represent general risk for nonspecific maltreatment that may, in part, be propagated by borderline personality pathology and/or shared risk factors.
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Cruitt PJ, Oltmanns TF. Age-related outcomes associated with personality pathology in later life. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 21:89-93. [PMID: 29073530 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methodological advances enable the latest research on personality pathology in later life to turn toward understanding the role personality pathology plays in age-related outcomes. Despite indications that some features of personality disorders fade in later life, a prevalence rate of approximately 10 percent has been established for adults aged 50 or older. Personality disorder features have been linked to suicidal ideation, poorer physical health, and cognitive decline in later life. Given these associations, the literature on treatment of personality disorders in this age group is surprisingly scant. Future research needs to address this lack in order to provide guidelines for the use of the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders with older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Cruitt
- From the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Thomas F Oltmanns
- From the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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