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Chen D, Yang X, Liu M, Zhang Z, Xing E. Roles of miRNA dysregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1256-1268. [PMID: 33402729 PMCID: PMC8636266 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of plasma cells with complex pathology, causing significant morbidity due to its end-organ destruction. The outcomes of patients with myeloma have significantly improved in the past couple of decades with the introduction of novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies. However, MM remains incurable and presents considerable individual heterogeneity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous noncoding RNAs of 19-22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Numerous studies have shown that miRNA deregulation is closely related to MM pathology, including tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, prognosis, and drug response, which make the complicated miRNA network an attractive and marvelous area of investigation for novel anti-MM therapeutic approaches. Herein, we mainly summarized the current knowledge on the roles of miRNAs, which are of great significance in regulating pathological factors involved in MM progressions, such as bone marrow microenvironment, methylation, immune regulation, genomic instability, and drug resistance. Meanwhile, their potential as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xinhong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China.
| | - Enhong Xing
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China.
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2
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Initial Therapeutic Approaches to Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Adv Ther 2021; 38:3694-3711. [PMID: 34145483 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is part of a spectrum of plasma cell disorders that may result in end organ damage. MM is subclassified into high and standard risk based on cytogenetic and laboratory markers. The treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma is constantly changing with the advent of novel therapies. Recent advances in therapies have resulted in longer time to remission and overall survival. the introduction of targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies such as Daratumumab has improved stringent complete response to 39%. In this review, we outline the current approach to diagnosis, prognosis, and management of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in both transplant eligible and ineligible patients.
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Peng Y, Wu D, Li F, Zhang P, Feng Y, He A. Identification of key biomarkers associated with cell adhesion in multiple myeloma by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:262. [PMID: 32581652 PMCID: PMC7309988 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignant disease whose underlying molecular mechanism has not yet fully understood. Generally, cell adhesion plays an important role in MM progression. In our work, we intended to identify key genes involved in cell adhesion in MM. Methods First, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the mRNA expression profiles of GSE6477 dataset using GEO2R with cut-off criterion of p < 0.05 and [logFC] ≥ 1. Then, GO and KEGG analysis were performed to explore the main function of DEGs. Moreover, we screened hub genes from the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and evaluated their prognostic and diagnostic values by the PrognoScan database and ROC curves. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis including clinical correlation analysis, GSEA and transcription factor (TF) prediction, pan-cancer analysis of candidate genes was performed using both clinical data and mRNA expression data. Results First of all, 1383 DEGs were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that many DEGs were enriched in cell adhesion. 180 overlapped genes were screened out between the DEGs and genes in GO terms of cell adhesion. Furthermore, 12 genes were identified as hub genes based on a PPI network analysis. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that ITGAM, ITGB2, ITGA5, ITGB5, CDH1, IL4, ITGA9, and LAMB1 were valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of MM. Further study demonstrated that ITGA9 and LAMB1 revealed prognostic values and clinical correlation in MM patients. GSEA and transcription factor (TF) prediction suggested that MYC may bind to ITGA9 and repress its expression and HIF-1 may bind to LAMB1 to promote its expression in MM. Additionally, pan-cancer analysis showed abnormal expression and clinical outcome associations of LAMB1 and ITGA9 in multiple cancers. Conclusion In conclusion, ITGA9 and LAMB1 were identified as potent biomarkers associated with cell adhesion in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, 5th West Road, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, 5th West Road, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Fangmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, 5th West Road, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, 5th West Road, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yuandong Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, 5th West Road, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157, 5th West Road, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
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Xu Y, Chen B, George SK, Liu B. Downregulation of MicroRNA-152 contributes to high expression of DKK1 in multiple myeloma. RNA Biol 2016; 12:1314-22. [PMID: 26400224 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) induced bone lesion is one of the most crippling characteristics, and the MM secreted Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) has been reported to play important role in this pathologic process. However, the underlying regulation mechanisms involved in DKK1 expression are still unclear. In this study, we validated the expression patterns of microRNA (miR) 15a, 34a, 152, and 223 in MM cells and identified that miR-152 was significantly downregulated in the MM group compared with the non-MM group, and that miR-152 level was negatively correlated with the expression of DKK1 in the MM cells. Mechanistic studies showed that manipulating miR-152 artificially in MM cells led to changes in DKK-1 expression, and miR-152 blocked DKK1 transcriptional activity by binding to the 3'UTR of DKK1 mRNA. Importantly, we revealed that MM cells stably expressing miR-152 improved the chemotherapy sensitivity, and counteracted the bone disruption in an intrabone-MM mouse model. Our study contributes better understanding of the regulation mechanism of DKK-1 in MM, and opens up the potential for developing newer therapeutic strategies in the MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Xu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory ; Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China.,d These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Bingda Chen
- b Department of Neurology ; People's Hospital of Bishan District ; Bishan , Chongqing , PR China.,d These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Suraj K George
- c Department of Hematopathology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | - Beizhong Liu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory ; Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
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5
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Bi C, Chung TH, Huang G, Zhou J, Yan J, Ahmann GJ, Fonseca R, Chng WJ. Genome-wide pharmacologic unmasking identifies tumor suppressive microRNAs in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26508-18. [PMID: 26164366 PMCID: PMC4694918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as an important cause of microRNA (miRNA) deregulation. In Multiple Myeloma (MM), a few tumor suppressive miRNAs silenced by DNA hypermethylation have been reported, but so far there are few systemic investigations on epigenetically silenced miRNAs. We conducted genome-wide screening for tumor suppressive miRNAs epigenetically silenced in MM. Four Human MM Cell lines were treated with demethylating agent 5'azacytidine (5'aza). Consistently upregulated miRNAs include miR-155, miR-198, miR-135a*, miR-200c, miR-125a-3p, miR-188-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-663, and miR-630. Methylation array analysis revealed increased methylation at or near miRNA-associated CpG islands in MM patients. Ectopic restoration of miR-155, miR-198, miR-135a*, miR-200c, miR-663 and miR-483-5p significantly repressed MM cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. Furthermore, we derived a 33-gene signature from predicted miRNA target genes that were also upregulated in MM patients and associated with patient survival in three independent myeloma datasets. In summary, we have revealed important, epigenetically silenced tumor suppressive miRNAs by pharmacologic reversal of epigenetic silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglei Bi
- Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaofeng Huang
- Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junli Yan
- Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wee Joo Chng
- Experimental Therapeutics, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
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Zhou J, Ching YQ, Chng WJ. Aberrant nuclear factor-kappa B activity in acute myeloid leukemia: from molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2015; 6:5490-500. [PMID: 25823927 PMCID: PMC4467382 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been improved significantly over the last decade. Molecularly targeted agents hold promise to change the therapeutic landscape in AML. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) controls a plethora of biological process through switching on and off its long list of target genes. In AML, constitutive NF-κB has been detected in 40% of cases and its aberrant activity enable leukemia cells to evade apoptosis and stimulate proliferation. These facts suggest that NF-κB signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the development of AML and it represents an attractive target for the intervention of AML. This review summarizes our current knowledge of NF-κB signaling transduction including canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Then we specifically highlight what factors contribute to the aberrant activation of NF-κB activity in AML, followed by an overview of 8 important clinical trials of the first FDA approved proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib (Velcade), which is a NF-κB inhibitor too, in combination with other therapeutic agents in patients with AML. Finally, this review discusses the future directions of NF-κB inhibitor in treatment of AML, especially in targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ying Qing Ching
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and is characterized by the aberrant proliferation of terminally differentiated plasma B cells with impairment in apoptosis capacity. Particularly, osteolytic bone diseases and renal failure resulting from hyperparaproteinemia and hypercalcemia have been the major serious sequelae that are inextricably linked with MM tumor progression. Despite the introduction of new treatment regimens, problematic neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, drug resistance and high MM relapse rates continue to plague the current therapies. New chemical agents are in development on the basis of understanding several signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms like tumor necrosis factor-α, proteasome, PI3K and MARKs. This review focuses on the most recent patents and clinical trials in the development of new medicine for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Furthermore, the important signaling pathways involved in the proliferation, survival and apoptosis of myeloma cells will be discussed.
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MicroRNA: important player in the pathobiology of multiple myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:521586. [PMID: 24991558 PMCID: PMC4065722 DOI: 10.1155/2014/521586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role played by a class of small, noncoding RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell (PC) malignancy causing significant morbidity and mortality. Deregulated miRNA expression in patient's PCs and plasma has been associated with tumor progression, molecular subtypes, clinical staging, prognosis, and drug response in MM. A number of important oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs have been discovered to regulate important genes and pathways such as p53 and IL6-JAK-STAT signaling. miRNAs may also form complex regulatory circuitry with genetic and epigenetic machineries, the deregulation of which could lead to malignant transformation and progression. The translational potential of miRNAs in the clinic is being increasingly recognized that they could represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively summarizes current progress in delineating the roles of miRNAs in MM pathobiology and management.
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Rodríguez J, Castañeda G, Muñoz L, Navarro D, Villa JC. Simultaneous determination of erlotinib and metabolites in human urine using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1489-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Gregorio Castañeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Lorena Muñoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Diana Navarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Jose C. Villa
- Department of Clinical Oncology; General University Hospital of Ciudad Real; Ciudad Real Spain
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10
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Musso A, Zocchi MR, Poggi A. Relevance of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway in the regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated effects on T-cell proliferation and B-cell survival. Haematologica 2010; 96:16-23. [PMID: 20884711 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.031633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells can suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation but promote survival of normal and malignant B cells, thus representing a possible target for new therapeutic schemes. Here we defined the effects of cholesterol synthesis inhibitors on the interaction between these mesenchymal stromal cells and T or B lymphocytes. DESIGN AND METHODS We exposed mesenchymal stromal cells to inhibitors, such as fluvastatin, of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, responsible for the synthesis of mevalonate, the precursor of cholesterol. Also, these cells were treated with manumycin A, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor which blocks the mevalonate-dependent isoprenylation of small guanosin triphosphate binding proteins. First, mesenchymal stromal cell morphology, cytoskeleton assembly, cell cycle, survival and cytokine production were evaluated. Then, these cells were co-cultured with either T or B lymphocytes and we analyzed: 1) the inhibition of T-cell proliferation to mitogenic stimuli; 2) B-cell survival. RESULTS Fluvastatin altered the assembly of actin microfilaments, inactivated RhoA guanosin triphosphate binding protein, inhibited the S-phase of the cell cycle, induced apoptosis in a small fraction of cells but preserved cytokine production. Preincubation of mesenchymal stromal cells with fluvastatin, or manumycin A, down-regulated the expression of adhesion molecules, reduced cell-to-cell interactions and prevented the inhibition exerted by these stromal cells on CD3/T-cell receptor-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Mevalonic acid could revert morphological, phenotypic and functional effects of fluvastatin. Finally, fluvastatin significantly reduced the mesenchymal stromal cells-mediated rescue of B cells in the presence of dexamethasone, although it did not function in the absence of corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin-mediated effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells were conceivably due to the inhibition of isoprenylation of small guanosin triphosphate binding proteins, occurring for the lack of mevalonate. Altogether these findings suggest that drugs acting on the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway can regulate mesenchymal stromal cell-induced T-cell suppression and B-lymphocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Translational Oncology, National Institute for Cancer Research Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Maintenance and Consolidation Strategies in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Review of the Data. Curr Oncol Rep 2010; 12:395-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-010-0128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Nakaya A, Sagawa M, Muto A, Uchida H, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. The gold compound auranofin induces apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells through both down-regulation of STAT3 and inhibition of NF-κB activity. Leuk Res 2010; 35:243-9. [PMID: 20542334 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of NF-κB and STAT3 plays an important role in the cellular proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma cells. We first found that auranofin (AF), a coordinated gold compound, induced a significant level of cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and subsequent apoptosis of myeloma cells. Further, AF inhibited constitutive and IL-6-induced activation of JAK2 and phosphorylation of STAT3 followed by the decreased expression of Mcl-1. AF down-regulated the activation of NF-κB, and the combination of AF and a specific NF-κB inhibitor resulted in a marked decrease of Mcl-1 expression. These results suggest that AF inhibits both IL-6 induced-JAK/STAT pathway and NF-κB activation in myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Nakaya
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Honeywell R, Yarzadah K, Giovannetti E, Losekoot N, Smit E, Walraven M, Lind J, Tibaldi C, Verheul H, Peters G. Simple and selective method for the determination of various tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in the clinical setting by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1059-68. [PMID: 20382575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Anguiano A, Tuchman SA, Acharya C, Salter K, Gasparetto C, Zhan F, Dhodapkar M, Nevins J, Barlogie B, Shaughnessy JD, Potti A. Gene expression profiles of tumor biology provide a novel approach to prognosis and may guide the selection of therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4197-4203. [PMID: 19636021 PMCID: PMC4881369 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.19.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) comprise heterogeneous disorders with incompletely understood molecular defects and variable clinical features. We performed gene expression profiling (GEP) with microarray data to better dissect the molecular phenotypes, sensitivity to particular chemotherapeutic agents, and prognoses of these diseases. METHODS Using gene expression and clinical data from 877 patients ranging from normal plasma cells (NPC) to relapsed MM (RMM), we applied gene expression signatures reflecting deregulation of oncogenic pathways and tumor microenvironment to highlight molecular changes that occur as NPCs transition to MM, create a high-risk MGUS gene signature, and subgroup International Staging System (ISS) stages into more prognostically accurate clusters of patients. Lastly, we used gene signatures to predict sensitivity to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies among identified clusters of patients. RESULTS Myc upregulation and increasing chromosomal instability (CIN) characterized the evolution from NPC to RMM (P < .0001 for both). Studies of MGUS revealed that some samples shared biologic features with RMM, which comprised the basis for a high-risk MGUS signature. Regarding MM, we subclassified ISS stages into clusters based on shared features of tumor biology. These clusters differentiated themselves based on predictions for prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity (eg, in ISS stage I, one cluster was characterized by increased CIN, cyclophosphamide resistance, and a poor prognosis). CONCLUSION GEP provides insight into the molecular defects underlying plasma cell dyscrasias that may explain their clinical heterogeneity. GEP also may also refine current prognostic and therapeutic models for MGUS and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Anguiano
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sascha A. Tuchman
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chaitanya Acharya
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly Salter
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Joseph Nevins
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Bart Barlogie
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - John D. Shaughnessy
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Anil Potti
- From the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Regional Cancer Care, US Oncology Network, Chapel Hill, NC; Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; and Section of Hematology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Matulis SM, Morales AA, Yehiayan L, Croutch C, Gutman D, Cai Y, Lee KP, Boise LH. Darinaparsin induces a unique cellular response and is active in an arsenic trioxide-resistant myeloma cell line. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1197-206. [PMID: 19417148 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the organic arsenical darinaparsin (ZIO-101, S-dimethylarsino-glutathione) and its anti-myeloma activity compared with inorganic arsenic trioxide. Darinaparsin induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and the addition of N-acetylcysteine, which increases intracellular glutathione (GSH), blocked cytotoxicity of both darinaparsin and arsenic trioxide. In contrast to arsenic trioxide, intracellular GSH does not appear to be important for darinaparsin metabolism, as an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, buthionine sulfoximine, had little effect on drug activity. This discrepancy was resolved when we determined the effects of thiols on drug uptake. The addition of exogenous GSH, L-cysteine, or D-cysteine prevented darinaparsin cellular uptake and cell death but had no effect on the uptake or activity of arsenic trioxide, suggesting a difference in the transport mechanism of these two drugs. In addition, gene expression profiling revealed differences in the signaling of protective responses between darinaparsin and arsenic trioxide. Although both arsenicals induced a transient heat shock response, only arsenic trioxide treatment induced transcription of metal response genes and anti-oxidant genes related to the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. In contrast to the protective responses, both arsenicals induced up-regulation of BH3-only proteins. Moreover, silencing of BH3-only proteins Noxa, Bim, and Bmf protected myeloma cells from darinaparsin-induced cell death. Finally, treatment of an arsenic trioxide-resistant myeloma cell line with darinaparsin resulted in dose-dependent apoptosis, indicating that cross-resistance does not necessarily develop between these two forms of arsenic in multiple myeloma cell lines. These results suggest darinaparsin may be useful as an alternative treatment in arsenic trioxide-resistant hematologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Matulis
- Microbiology and Immunology and The Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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16
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Gertz MA. New targets and treatments in multiple myeloma: Src family kinases as central regulators of disease progression. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:2240-5. [PMID: 19052970 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802475311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignant condition that most commonly occurs in the seventh decade of life. Recent improvements in treatment may result in a more favourable outlook for recently diagnosed patients. Multiple myeloma is an incurable clonal B-cell malignancy, which is initially responsive to conventional chemotherapy; one-third of the patients achieve complete remission but multidrug resistance eventually develops. Although autologous stem cell transplantation remains an important option, many older patients are less tolerant to the toxicity associated with conditioning treatment, as well as being intrinsically less likely to do well after transplantation. Most patients eventually relapse with or without transplantation, and salvage therapy is only moderately effective. Thalidomide and subsequently, lenalidomide and bortezomib, have demonstrated improved outcomes for these patients, as well as proving efficacious in front-line regimens. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying multiple myeloma has given rise to novel targeted approaches. This review will focus in particular on Src-dependent signalling pathways, reflecting the expanding realisation of the critical and ubiquitous role of Src family kinases (SFKs) in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morie A Gertz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Zhou L, Hou J, Fu W, Wang D, Yuan Z, Jiang H. Arsenic trioxide and 2-methoxyestradiol reduce beta-catenin accumulation after proteasome inhibition and enhance the sensitivity of myeloma cells to Bortezomib. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1674-83. [PMID: 18485479 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beta-catenin, the key protein in canonical Wingless/int (Wnt) pathway, degrades via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Recently, it proved important roles in the proliferation of myeloma cells. But little is known about whether cytoplasmic beta-catenin content is associated with myeloma cell's sensitivity to Bortezomib. We examined the constitutive expression of beta-catenin in five myeloma cell lines and primary cells from patients. Meanwhile, the effect of Bortezomib combined with arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3))/2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) on beta-catenin accumulation, myeloma cells' survival, apoptosis and their sensitivity to Bortezomib were also investigated. Our study proved that beta-catenin protein levels are negatively associated with myeloma cells' sensitivity to Bortezomib. As(2)O(3)/2ME2 can reduce cytoplasmic beta-catenin accumulation after proteasome inhibition and enhance myeloma cells' sensitivity to Bortezomib. This will preliminarily help to optimize the new therapeutic regimens for MM treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital to the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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18
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Napoli N, Armamento‐Villareal R. Estrogen Hydroxylation in Osteoporosis. Adv Clin Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(06)43007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Zhou FL, Zhang WG, Chen G, Zhao WH, Cao XM, Chen YX, Tian W, Liu J, Liu SH. Serological identification and bioinformatics analysis of immunogenic antigens in multiple myeloma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:910-7. [PMID: 16193335 PMCID: PMC11030602 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying appropriate tumor antigens is critical to the development of successful specific cancer immunotherapy. Serological analysis of tumor antigens by a recombinant cDNA expression library (SEREX) allows the systematic cloning of tumor antigens recognized by the spontaneous autoantibody repertoire of cancer patients. We applied SEREX to the cDNA expression library of cell line HMy2, which led to the isolation of six known characterized genes and 12 novel genes. Known genes, including ring finger protein 167, KLF10, TPT1, p02 protein, cDNA FLJ46859 fis, and DNMT1, were related to the development of different tumors. Bioinformatics was performed to predict 12 novel MMSA (multiple myeloma special antigen) genes. The prediction of tumor antigens provides potential targets for the immunotherapy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and help in the understanding of carcinogenesis. Crude lysate ELISA methodology indicated that the optical density value of MMSA-3 and MMSA-7 were significantly higher in MM patients than in healthy donors. Furthermore, SYBR Green real-time PCR showed that MMSA-1 presented with a high number of copy messages in MM. In summary, the antigens identified in this study may be potential candidates for diagnosis and targets for immunotherapy in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. L. Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
- Environments and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - W. G. Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
- Environments and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - G. Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - W. H. Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - X. M. Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Y. X. Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - W. Tian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - S. H. Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, The west five road, No. 157, Xi’an, 710004 China
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20
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Gasparini G, Longo R, Toi M, Ferrara N. Angiogenic inhibitors: a new therapeutic strategy in oncology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 2:562-77. [PMID: 16270097 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multistep, complex and tightly regulated process that is necessary for tumor growth and metastasis. Based on data of preclinical models, several antiangiogenic compounds has been shown to modify activated tumor endothelium, which suggests that these compounds can improve cytotoxic drug delivery. Such agents have entered clinical trials as single agents or in combination with cytotoxic drugs, and have shown promising antitumor activity. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of antiangiogenic drugs are reviewed here. Most of the early clinical testing of these agents was conducted in patients with advanced disease resistant to standard therapies. Phase III trials compared the efficacy of standard chemotherapy alone with standard chemotherapy in combination with an experimental angiogenesis inhibitor. Although some of these studies were negative or controversial, recent studies validated in large clinical trials with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody demonstrated significant clinical benefit and renewed enthusiasm for this therapeutic strategy. This review describes the clinical studies of antiangiogenic agents and highlights the challenges related to choosing appropriate strategies for the selection of patients, study design and choice of appropriate endpoints for the studies' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampietro Gasparini
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Via G Martinotti, 20 00135 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Ito K, Nakazato T, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate induces apoptosis of myeloma cells via induction of TRAIL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1702-10. [PMID: 16289031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A component of a traditional Thai condiment, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), is a natural compound, and it is obtained from rhizomes of the ethno-medicinal plant Languas galanga (Zingiberaceae). Our previous studies showed that ACA dramatically inhibited cellular growth of multiple myeloma cells in vivo and in vitro through the induction of apoptosis in association with the activation of caspase-8, inactivation of NF-kappaB, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Subsequently, we investigated the detailed apoptotic pathway of ACA and further demonstrated that ACA up-regulates the expression of both TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) and TRAIL receptor death receptor 5 (DR5). In addition, TRAIL/R-Fc chimera neutralizes the ACA-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that the death signaling of TRAIL is involved in the ACA-induced apoptosis of myeloma cells, and provide a rationale for the induction of TRAIL/Apo2L by ACA, which could potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent in patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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