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Combination Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.36255/exonpublications.prostatecancer.combinationtreatment.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Marshall CH, Fu W, Wang H, Park JC, DeWeese TL, Tran PT, Song DY, King S, Afful M, Hurrelbrink J, Manogue C, Cotogno P, Moldawer NP, Barata PC, Drake CG, Posadas EM, Armstrong AJ, Sartor O, Antonarakis ES. Randomized Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T with or without Radium-223 in Men with Bone-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1623-1630. [PMID: 33451978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether radium-223 increases peripheral immune responses to sipuleucel-T in men with bone-predominant, minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 32 patients were randomized 1:1 in this open-label, phase II multicenter trial. Patients in the control arm received three sipuleucel-T treatments, 2 weeks apart. Those in the combination arm received six doses of radium-223 monthly, with sipuleucel-T intercalated between the second and fourth doses of radium-223. The primary endpoint was a comparison of peripheral antigen PA2024-specific T-cell responses (measured by proliferation index). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and PSA responses. RESULTS We enrolled 32 patients, followed for a median of 1.6 years. Six weeks after the first sipuleucel-T dose, participants in the control arm had a 3.2-fold greater change in PA2024-specific T-cell responses compared with those who received combination treatment (P = 0.036). Patients in the combination arm were more likely to have a >50% PSA decline [5 (31%) vs. 0 patients; P = 0.04], and also demonstrated longer PFS [39 vs. 12 weeks; HR, 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.76] and OS (not reached vs. 2.6 years; HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.08-1.23). CONCLUSIONS Our data raise the possibility of greater clinical activity with the combination of sipuleucel-T and radium-223 in men with asymptomatic bone mCRPC, despite the paradoxically lower immune responses observed. Additional study to confirm these findings in a larger trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H Marshall
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Fu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hao Wang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Theodore L DeWeese
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Serina King
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michaella Afful
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julia Hurrelbrink
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Nancy P Moldawer
- Urologic Oncology Program, Cedars Sinai Cancer & Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Charles G Drake
- New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program, Cedars Sinai Cancer & Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Ghosh S, Girigoswami K, Girigoswami A. Membrane-encapsulated camouflaged nanomedicines in drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2067-2082. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the limitations of conventional therapies, there has been an increasing need for nanomedicines for real-time diagnosis and effective treatment of life-threatening diseases. Despite the conceptual and technological success achieved by researchers worldwide, the complexities of biological systems, efficient engineering and formulation of monodispersed nanomedicines, inadequate information on bio–nano interactions, issues on health hazards, clinical trials and commercialization have set new challenges in biomedical research. This review highlights how the biological membrane improves the performance of nanomedicines in drug delivery. With the list of nanomedicines getting longer gradually to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapeutics, it is important to concentrate on the interactions between nanostructures and living systems in order to improve the biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of functional nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ghosh
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, India
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Ding X, Huang T, Gao Y, Lu S, Tao H, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang F, Zhou Y, Zhou G, Luan Y. Permanent
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I prostate brachytherapy for castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2018; 26:278-283. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Fei Ding
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Tian‐Bao Huang
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Sheng‐Ming Lu
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Hua‐Zhi Tao
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jia‐Nan Xu
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yao‐Zong Xu
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yu‐Quan Zhou
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Guang‐Chen Zhou
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Urology Clinical Medical College Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
- Department of Urology Taihe County People's Hospital Fuyang Anhui China
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5
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[Immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer-a comeback?]. Urologe A 2018; 57:1342-1345. [PMID: 30341689 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-018-0790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCA) seems to be more of an immunologic desert than other tumor entities. It is striking that only rarely does prostate cancer show abundant immune cells and a proimmunogenic microenvironment. OBJECTIVES Is immunotherapy in PCA effective and which patients can benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature and recent congress data are presented. RESULTS Preliminary results with sipuleucel-T for PCA cancer were very promising showing a significant overall survival benefit in randomised phase III studies and the US Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval for this individualised vaccine. Contrary to other tumor entities this was not the immediate breakthrough to a new therapeutic era of immunotherapy but remained an isolated case and restricted to the USA. More recently, several trials evaluated immunotherapeutic agents but missed their preliminary endpoints. Interestingly, individual patients did benefit and showed long-term remission. CONCLUSIONS Genome sequencing and new biomarkers are also paving a novel pathway towards individualised immunotherapy for PCA. On-going research and clinical trials are exploring the question of which patients will benefit.
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Tian Y, Guo R, Yang W. Multifunctional Nanotherapeutics for Photothermal Combination Therapy of Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ranran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Wuli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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Wang K, Ruan H, Xu T, Liu L, Liu D, Yang H, Zhang X, Chen K. Recent advances on the progressive mechanism and therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3167-3178. [PMID: 29881290 PMCID: PMC5983013 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although there have been great advances in mechanisms and therapeutic methods of prostate cancer, the mortality rate of prostate cancer remains high. The castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which develops from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, foreshadows a more dismal outcome. Concomitant with the researches in the mechanism of CRPC and therapy for CRPC, more and more landmark progress has been made in recent years. Methods A number of clinical and experimental studies were reviewed to indicate the novel advancement in the progressive mechanism and therapy of CRPC. Results The androgen receptor (AR) is still a vital driver in the progression of CRPC, while other multiple mechanisms also contribute to this progression, such as tumor immunity, cancer stem cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and DNA repair disorder. In terms of the therapeutic methods of CRPC, chemotherapy with drugs, such as docetaxel, has been the first-line therapy for CRPC for many years. Besides, newer agents, which target some of the above mechanisms, show additional overall survival benefits for CRPC patients. These therapies include drugs targeting the androgen axis pathway (androgen synthesis, androgen receptor splice variants, coactivators of AR and so on), PI3K-AKT pathway, WNT pathway, DNA repair, rearrangement of ETS gene, novel chemotherapy and immunotherapy, bone metastasis therapy and so on. Understanding these novel findings on the mechanisms of CRPC and the latest potential CRPC therapies will direct us for further exploration of CRPC. Conclusion Through comprehensive consideration, the predominant mechanism of CRPC might be the AR signal axis concomitant with tumor microenvironment, stress, immunity, tumor microenvironment and so on. For CRPC therapy, targeting the AR axis pathway and chemotherapy are the first-line treatments at present. However, with the advancements in CRPC therapy made by the researchers, other novel potential methods will occupy more and more important position in the treatment of CRPC, especially the therapies targeting the tumor microenviroment, tumor immunity and DNA repair and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshan Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hailong Ruan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tianbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Padmanabhan
- Medical Sciences Institute and Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin; Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee Wiscosin
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Park JC, Eisenberger MA. Advances in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:1719-33. [PMID: 26653301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During the past several years, there has been substantial progress in the development of treatments for advanced prostate cancer with the approval of multiple new life-prolonging agents using different mechanisms of action. Such progress was attainable because of advances in our understanding of the biology behind mechanisms of androgen receptor pathway activation, complex tumor-microenvironment interaction of bone metastasis, antitumor immunology, and new oncogenic pathways. Continuous efforts are being made to develop new therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action, define the optimal sequences and/or combinations of current agents, and identify reliable surrogate end points to facilitate new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Park
- Genito-Urinary Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mario A Eisenberger
- Genito-Urinary Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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Van Gool SW. Brain Tumor Immunotherapy: What have We Learned so Far? Front Oncol 2015; 5:98. [PMID: 26137448 PMCID: PMC4470276 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade glioma is a rare brain cancer, incurable in spite of modern neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Novel approaches are in research, and immunotherapy emerges as a promising strategy. Clinical experiences with active specific immunotherapy demonstrate feasibility, safety and most importantly, but incompletely understood, prolonged long-term survival in a fraction of the patients. In relapsed patients, we developed an immunotherapy schedule and we categorized patients into clinically defined risk profiles. We learned how to combine immunotherapy with standard multimodal treatment strategies for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme patients. The developmental program allows further improvements related to newest scientific insights. Finally, we developed a mode of care within academic centers to organize cell-based therapies for experimental clinical trials in a large number of patients.
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Narita M, Kanda T, Abe T, Uchiyama T, Iwafuchi M, Zheng Z, Liu A, Kaifu T, Kosugi S, Minagawa M, Itoh K, Takahashi M. Immune responses in patients with esophageal cancer treated with SART1 peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1699-709. [PMID: 25625346 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced stage of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus have a poor prognosis with a lethal outcome. In order to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, we performed a phase I/II clinical trial of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) pulsed with SART1 peptide in seven patients with advanced stage of this disease. Although the feasibility of this therapy was definite, the effectiveness was not clearly confirmed in advanced stage of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. However, in vitro study revealed that moDCs generated for this therapy possessed a potent ability of inducing SART1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In addition, these moDCs were demonstrated to be able to produce exosomes with an antigen presenting ability for inducing SART1 peptide-specific CTLs. ELISPOT assay using cryopreserved patient's lymphocytes demonstrated that IFN-γ ELISPOTs were increased after four times of SART1 peptide-pulsed moDC vaccinations compared with before the vaccination in a patient. The present study demonstrated that moDCs prepared from advanced stage of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus possess a good immune function and in vivo immune responses (detected by ELISPOT assay) were evoked by the infusion of these moDCs. These findings suggest that DC-based immunotherapy could be one of the modalities applicable for squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8518, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8518, Japan
| | - Minami Iwafuchi
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8518, Japan
| | - Zhiyin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Aichun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kaifu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kosugi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Masahiro Minagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8520, Japan
| | - Kyogo Itoh
- Cancer Vaccine Development Division, Kurume University Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Fukuoka 830‑0011, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Takahashi
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951‑8518, Japan
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Hu S, Li L, Yeh S, Cui Y, Li X, Chang HC, Jin J, Chang C. Infiltrating T cells promote prostate cancer metastasis via modulation of FGF11→miRNA-541→androgen receptor (AR)→MMP9 signaling. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:44-57. [PMID: 25135278 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early clinical studies suggested infiltrating T cells might be associated with poor outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The detailed mechanisms how T cells contribute to PCa progression, however, remained unclear. Here, we found PCa cells have a better capacity to recruit more CD4(+) T cells than the surrounding normal prostate cells via secreting more chemokines-CXCL9. The consequences of more recruited CD4(+) T cells to PCa might then lead to enhance PCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that infiltrating CD4(+) T cells might function through the modulation of FGF11→miRNA-541 signals to suppress PCa androgen receptor (AR) signals. The suppressed AR signals might then alter the MMP9 signals to promote the PCa cell invasion. Importantly, suppressed AR signals via AR-siRNA or anti-androgen Enzalutamide in PCa cells also enhanced the recruitment of T cells and the consequences of this positive feed back regulation could then enhance the PCa cell invasion. Targeting these newly identified signals via FGF11-siRNA, miRNA-541 inhibitor or MMP9 inhibitor all led to partially reverse the enhanced PCa cell invasion. Results from in vivo mouse models also confirmed the in vitro cell lines in co-culture studies. Together, these results concluded that infiltrating CD4(+) T cells could promote PCa metastasis via modulation of FGF11→miRNA-541→AR→MMP9 signaling. Targeting these newly identified signals may provide us a new potential therapeutic approach to better battle PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Dorff TB, Wilkins C, Hepgur M, Quinn DI. Durable Complete Remission From Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Sipuleucel-T After Estrogen Withdrawal. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2014; 12:e55-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract: Targeted immunotherapies represent a valid strategy for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. A randomized, double-blind, Phase II clinical trial of PROSTVAC® demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in overall survival and a large, global, Phase III trial with overall survival as the primary end point is ongoing. PROSTVAC immunotherapy contains the transgenes for prostate-specific antigen and three costimulatory molecules (designated TRICOM). Research suggests that PROSTVAC not only targets prostate-specific antigen, but also other tumor antigens via antigen cascade. PROSTVAC is well tolerated and has been safely combined with other cancer therapies, including hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, another immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Even greater benefits of PROSTVAC may be recognized in earlier-stage disease and low-disease burden settings where immunotherapy can trigger a long-lasting immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, 823 82nd Parkway, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572, USA
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Li J, Sun Y, Jia T, Zhang R, Zhang K, Wang L. Messenger RNA vaccine based on recombinant MS2 virus-like particles against prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1683-94. [PMID: 24105486 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed cancer in the western male population with high mortality. Recently, alternative approaches based on immunotherapy including mRNA vaccines for PCa have shown therapeutic promise. However, for mRNA vaccine, several disadvantages such as the instability of mRNA, the high cost of gold particles, the limited production scale for mRNA-transfected dendritic cells in vitro, limit their development. Herein, recombinant bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs), which based on the interaction of a 19-nucleotide RNA aptamer and the coat protein of bacteriophage MS2, successfully addressed these questions, in which target mRNA was packaged by MS2 capsid. MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccines were easily prepared by recombinant protein technology, nontoxic and RNase-resistant. We show the packaged mRNA was translated into protein as early as 12 hr after phagocytosed by macrophages. Moreover, MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccines induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses, especially antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and balanced Th1/Th2 responses without upregulation of CD4(+) regulatory T cells, and protected C57BL/6 mice against PCa completely. As a therapeutic vaccine, MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccines delayed tumor growth. Our results provide proof of concept on the efficacy and safety of MS2 VLP-based mRNA vaccine, which provides a new delivery approach for mRNA vaccine and implies important clinical value for the prevention and therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Elevated understanding and respect for the relevance of the immune system in cancer development and therapy has led to increased development of immunotherapeutic regimens that target existing cancer cells and provide long-term immune surveillance and protection from cancer recurrence. This review discusses using particles as immune adjuvants to create vaccines and to augment the anticancer effects of conventional chemotherapeutics. Several particle prototypes are presented, including liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, and porous silicon microparticles, the latter existing as either single- or multiparticle platforms. The benefits of using particles include immune-cell targeting, codelivery of antigens and immunomodulatory agents, and sustained release of the therapeutic payload. Nanotherapeutic-based activation of the immune system is dependent on both intrinsic particle characteristics and on the immunomodulatory cargo, which may include danger signals known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cytokines for effector-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Elena Serda
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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