Effect of an IMB Model-Based Education on the Acceptability of HPV Vaccination Among College Girls in Mainland China: A Cluster RCT

The Effectiveness of an Information-Motivation Behavioral Skill Health Promotion Video on Health Status Among Chiang Mai University Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic

PURPOSE

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of the IMB Educational Health Promotion (IMBEHP) video for improving quality of life, health risk awareness, and health promotion among Chiang Mai University (CMU) personnel.

METHODS

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a 1-group pre-posttest design. The sample group included 528 CMU personnel who worked at the university between June 2020 and December 2021. Data collection was conducted before and after participants watched the IMB health promotion video.

RESULTS

After watching the video, the participants' quality of life scores were at a medium level. Moreover, physical health, mental health, social relations, and total quality of life score measures showed statistically significant differences between before and after viewing, at P < .05. The mean total for quality of life increased from the prior intervention implementation. Understanding of health risks also increased after watching the video, and the levels of health risk increased as follows: low level of health risk increased to 343 (64.96%), followed by medium and high health risk, at 21.78% (n = 115) and 10.04% (n = 53), respectively. Lastly, awareness about nutrition was statistically significant at .05.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of video in educating, motivating, and developing health-promoting skills among this population. After watching the video, CMU personnel increased their awareness of chronic disease risk factors, health promotion practice, illnesses prevention, healthy behaviors, and improvement of quality of life.

Social Media as an Effective Provider of Quality-Assured and Accurate Information to Increase Vaccine Rates: Systematic Review

BACKGROUND

Vaccination programs are instrumental in prolonging and improving people's lives by preventing diseases such as measles, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and influenza from escalating into fatal epidemics. Despite the significant impact of these programs, a substantial number of individuals, including 20 million infants annually, lack sufficient access to vaccines. Therefore, it is imperative to raise awareness about vaccination programs.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the potential utilization of social media, assessing its scalability and robustness in delivering accurate and reliable information to individuals who are contemplating vaccination decisions for themselves or on behalf of their children.

METHODS

The protocol for this review is registered in PROSPERO (identifier CRD42022304229) and is being carried out in compliance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Comprehensive searches have been conducted in databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health), CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. The target population encompasses the general public, including adults, children, and adolescents. The defined interventions comprise platforms facilitating 2-way communication for sharing information. These interventions were compared against traditional interventions and teaching methods, referred to as the control group. The outcomes assessed in the included studies encompassed days unvaccinated, vaccine acceptance, and the uptake of vaccines compared with baseline. The studies underwent a risk-of-bias assessment utilizing the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for RCTs, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) assessment.

RESULTS

This review included 10 studies, detailed in 12 articles published between 2012 and 2022, conducted in the United States, China, Jordan, Australia, and Israel. The studies involved platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and non-general-purpose social media. The outcomes examined in these studies focused on the uptake of vaccines compared with baseline, vaccine acceptance, and the number of days individuals remained unvaccinated. The overall sample size for this review was 26,286, with individual studies ranging from 58 to 21,592 participants. The effect direction plot derived from articles of good and fair quality indicated a nonsignificant outcome (P=.12).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that, in a real-world scenario, an equal number of positive and negative results may be expected due to the interventions' impact on the acceptance and uptake of vaccines. Nevertheless, there is a rationale for accumulating experience to optimize the use of social media with the aim of enhancing vaccination rates. Social media can serve as a tool with the potential to disseminate information and boost vaccination rates within a population. However, relying solely on social media is not sufficient, given the complex structures at play in vaccine acceptance. Effectiveness hinges on various factors working in tandem. It is crucial that authorized personnel closely monitor and moderate discussions on social media to ensure responsible and accurate information dissemination.

[Discourses about condom use and non-use among gay, bisexual men, and other men who have sex with men in two colombian cities.]

OBJECTIVE

The HIV increase cases raises concern worldwide. This phenomenon is related, among other things, to sexual practices where condom use is limited. To achieve the eradication of AIDS, international organizations have been interested in analyzing and understanding the sexual practices of certain population groups, within these men who have sex with other men. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the discourses on the use and non-use of condoms held by a group of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBHSH) men from two cities in Colombia.

METHODS

A qualitative study was carried out with data analysis through the iterative process, from the interpretation of the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) model. The collection of information was carried out between 2020 and 2021 through in-depth interviews, virtually and in person, with a sample of 20 GBHSH from Colombia from the cities of Cali and Medellín.

RESULTS

In the Information component, it was identified that traditional sexual education had a negative impact and was very focused on a cisheterosexual and reproductive perspective. Regarding Motivational, it was highlighted that the majority were oriented towards not using condoms and that perceiving a low risk of contracting an STI was the main motivation for not using condoms. Regarding Behavioral Skills, it was analyzed that distrust towards the sexual partner promoted its use, but the intensification of pleasure, added to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, caused its use to decrease. It was also evidenced that the use of drugs such as PreP or PEP discouraged condom use in relationships.

CONCLUSIONS

The information on condom use revolves around cisheteronormative practices, leaving aside the care related to STIs. The motivation for not using condoms revolves around misinformation, pleasure and trust in the couple, while the motivation for condom use revolves around health care. The behavior regarding the non-use of condoms is related to the previous points, while misinformation and pleasure in non-use predominate.

Effects of a Walking Exercise-Focused Health Promotion Program for Middle-Aged Women in the Korean Community

We assessed the effectiveness of a walking exercise-focused health promotion program based on an information-motivation-behavioral skills model. This intervention study employed a non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. We recruited 44 middle-aged women (22 per group) who visited two health check-up centers in G city of South Korea. The intervention included information (health education), personal motivation (pedometer monitoring, setting goals, and keeping an exercise log), social motivation (group discussion and support, telephone counseling), and behavioral skills (walking exercise) components. Ten sessions of this program involved three face-to-face and seven online interactions via mobile instant messaging. As primary outcomes (health behavior), physical activity level and health-promoting lifestyle were measured by standardized scales. As secondary outcomes (health status), physiological indicators by body measurements and perceived stress by a scale were produced. We used the chi-squared test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test for the analysis. After the intervention, in the experimental group, the level of physical activity (Z = -2.065, p = 0.039) and health-promoting lifestyle improved (t = 3.344, p = 0.002), and both waist circumference (t = -4.328, p < 0.001) and perceived stress (t =-3.578, p < 0.001) decreased. In conclusion, our theory-based intervention has advantages in terms of high standardization potential, high availability, and improvement of health behavior and health status. In future, this approach will be useful for devising interventions that meet the health needs of people who are concerned about quality of life in the second half of life.

COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Among People Living With HIV in Wuhan, China

Vaccination is essential to controlling the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People living with HIV (PLWH) were considered more vulnerable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared with the general population. Therefore, it is urgent to protect PLWH from SARS-CoV-2 infection. For PLWH, vaccine hesitancy could be more common and may compromise vaccine coverage. Our study aimed to investigate the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH and associated factors. A cross-sectional online survey was performed among PLWH and the general population from 4 April to 18 April 2021 in Wuhan, China. The multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors for COVID-19 vaccination willingness among PLWH. A total of 556 PLWH and 570 individuals from the general population were enrolled. The COVID-19 vaccine willingness among PLWH was 60.8%, which was relatively lower than that in the general population (80.9%) (P &lt; 0.001). The results of multivariable analysis indicated that PLWH with comorbidities (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.25–3.45), those who had idea about PLWH would be more serious if they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.11–2.51) and those who thought their antiretroviral therapy (ART) would be affected by COVID-19 epidemic (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.22–3.42) had higher willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. PLWH who had a monthly income over 5,000 RMB (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45–0.92) and had a sex orientation as non-homosexual (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.96) were associated with lower willingness for COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings showed that the PLWH had a lower willingness for COVID-19 vaccination compared with the general population in Wuhan. Targeted interventions such as health education should be conducted to increase the willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH, thus enhancing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PLWH.