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Yu T, Xu B, He L, Xia S, Chen Y, Zeng J, Liu Y, Li S, Tan X, Ren K, Yao S, Song X. Pigment epithelial-derived factor gene loaded novel COOH-PEG-PLGA-COOH nanoparticles promoted tumor suppression by systemic administration. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:743-59. [PMID: 26955272 PMCID: PMC4772918 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis has been proposed as an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the most powerful endogenous anti-angiogenic reagents discovered to date and PEDF gene therapy has been recognized as a promising treatment option for various tumors. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and valid vector for its systemic delivery. Herein, a novel gene delivery system based on the newly synthesized copolymer COOH-PEG-PLGA-COOH (CPPC) was developed in this study, which was probably capable of overcoming the disadvantages of viral vectors and cationic lipids/polymers-based nonviral carriers. PEDF gene loaded CPPC nanoparticles (D-NPs) were fabricated by a modified double-emulsion water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation method. D-NPs with uniform spherical shape had relatively high drug loading (~1.6%), probably because the introduced carboxyl group in poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) terminal enhanced the interaction of copolymer with the PEDF gene complexes. An excellent in vitro antitumor effect was found in both C26 and A549 cells treated by D-NPs, in which PEDF levels were dramatically elevated due to the successful transfection of PEDF gene. D-NPs also showed a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and inhibited the tumor-induced angiogenesis in vivo by an alginate-encapsulated tumor cell assay. Further in vivo antitumor investigation, carried out in a C26 subcutaneous tumor model by intravenous injection, demonstrated that D-NPs could achieve a significant antitumor activity with sharply reduced microvessel density and significantly promoted tumor cell apoptosis. Additionally, the in vitro hemolysis analysis and in vivo serological and biochemical analysis revealed that D-NPs had no obvious toxicity. All the data indicated that the novel CPPC nanoparticles were ideal vectors for the systemic delivery of PEDF gene and might be widely used as systemic gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili He
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Xia
- Central Laboratory, Science Education Department, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Department of Pathology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Williams SB, Prado K, Hu JC. Economics of robotic surgery: does it make sense and for whom? Urol Clin North Am 2014; 41:591-6. [PMID: 25306170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The authors performed a literature review to identify cost-effectiveness research as it pertains to robotic surgery. There is increased utilization of robotic surgery in urology with limited comparative effectiveness research demonstrating superiority over conventional, less costly treatment options. Further research into identifying determinants for optimal utilization of robotics and newer technology is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Williams
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kris Prado
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood, Boulevard, STE 1000, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Jim C Hu
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 924 Westwood, Boulevard, STE 1000, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Whitlatch LW, Young MV, Schwartz GG, Flanagan JN, Burnstein KL, Lokeshwar BL, Rich ES, Holick MF, Chen TC. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity is diminished in human prostate cancer cells and is enhanced by gene transfer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 81:135-40. [PMID: 12137802 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(02)00053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D) inhibits growth and induces differentiation of prostate cells. The enzyme responsible for 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D synthesis, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)-1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-OHase), has been demonstrated in human prostate cells. We compared the levels of 1alpha-OHase activity in prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3 and in primary cultures of normal, cancerous and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prostate cells. We observed a marked decrease in 1alpha-OHase activity in prostate cancer cells, including an undetectable level of activity in LNCaP cells. Transient or stable transfection of 1alpha-OHase cDNA into LNCaP cells increased 1alpha-OHase activity from undetectable to 4.95pmole/mg+/-0.69pmole/mg and 5.8pmole/mg+/-0.7pmole/mg protein per hour, respectively. In response to 25(OH)D, the prohormone of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D, the transfected LNCaP cells showed a significant inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation (37%+/-6% and 56%+/-4% at 10(-8)M for transiently and stably transfected cells, respectively). These findings support an important autocrine role for 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D in the prostate and suggest that the re-introduction of the 1alpha-OHase gene to prostate cancer cells, in conjunction with the systemic administration of 25(OH)D, constitutes an endocrine form of gene therapy that may be less toxic than the systemic administration of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyman W Whitlatch
- Department of Medicine, Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Endocrine Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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