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Sittiju P, Chaiyawat P, Pruksakorn D, Klangjorhor J, Wongrin W, Phinyo P, Kamolphiwong R, Phanphaisarn A, Teeyakasem P, Kongtawelert P, Pothacharoen P. Osteosarcoma-Specific Genes as a Diagnostic Tool and Clinical Predictor of Tumor Progression. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050698. [PMID: 35625426 PMCID: PMC9138411 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The standard method for the diagnosis and monitoring of osteosarcoma is biopsy and tumor imaging, which causes discomfort to patients and is difficult to repeat. A blood sample can be used as a non-invasive method for monitoring tumor material. Vimentin and ezrin show clinical significance in samples obtained from OS patients but need circulating tumor cell purification, since they are expressed in leukocytes. Due to the low-temperature storage of the samples, it proved impossible to perform purification to remove the contamination. We propose that novel or OS-specific biomarkers using differential gene expression from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database is a promising approach for developing diagnostic and tumor progression strategies. Seven genes from the database showed significant expression in OS cell lines/primary cells compared to a normal blood donor, together with ezrin and VIM. The expression of the five candidate genes together with ezrin and vimentin were quantified by qRT-PCR and analyzed using a mathematical model with high efficiency to discriminate between OS patients and normal samples, resulting in the selection of three candidate genes: COL5A2 (one of the five from the database) as well as ezrin and VIM. Our study demonstrates that these genes in retrospective samples could serve as tools of OS detection and predictors of disease progression. Abstract A liquid biopsy is currently an interesting tool for measuring tumor material with the advantage of being non-invasive. The overexpression of vimentin and ezrin genes was associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in metastasis and progression in osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we identified other OS-specific genes by calculating differential gene expression using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, confirmed by using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect OS-specific genes, including VIM and ezrin in the buffy coat, which were obtained from the whole blood of OS patients and healthy donors. Furthermore, the diagnostic model for OS detection was generated by utilizing binary logistic regression with a multivariable fractional polynomial (MFP) algorithm. The model incorporating VIM, ezrin, and COL5A2 genes exhibited outstanding discriminative ability, as determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.9805, 95% CI 0.9603, 1.000). At the probability cut-off value of 0.3366, the sensitivity and the specificity of the model for detecting OS were 98.63% (95% CI 90.5, 99.7) and 94.94% (95% CI 87.5, 98.6), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and qRT-PCR, in our study, identified three candidate genes that are potential diagnostic and prognostic genes for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaralawan Sittiju
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Weerinrada Wongrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Phichayut Phinyo
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rawikant Kamolphiwong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Areerak Phanphaisarn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.C.); (D.P.); (J.K.); (P.P.); (A.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-94-5325 (ext. 206)
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Ismail A, Boujguenna I, Hattab K, Mansouri N, El Ganouni NCI, Idrissi MO, Hazmiri FE, Rais H. A cartilage-forming tumor of the mandibular angle: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:176. [PMID: 35484609 PMCID: PMC9047383 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandible can be the site of benign or malignant lesions of different origins, including odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions. Cartilage-forming tumors have been rarely reported at this site. Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant cartilage-producing neoplasm that is extremely rare in the mandible. The rarity of cartilage-forming tumor occurrence in the mandible can make diagnosis difficult for pathologists, as they do not expect this type of tumor at this anatomical site. Here we report a case of chondrosarcoma of mandibular angle. CASE PRESENTATION A 70-year-old Moroccan male patient consulted a dentist for wisdom tooth pain. Wisdom tooth extraction was conducted. After 6 months, the patient reported the recurrence of pain associated with swelling in the mandibular area and paresthesia along the path of the mandibular nerve. A panoramic radiograph demonstrated a mixed radiolucent-opaque lesion involving the mandibular angle. Computed tomography showed a large osteolytic spontaneously hypointense and multilobulated lesion. A biopsy was done. Histopathological examination revealed sheets and irregular lobules of atypical cells presenting cartilaginous differentiation. Tumor cells showed severe nuclear atypia and were located within a hyaline cartilage matrix. Some foci of necrosis were noted. Osteoid deposits were not found. The patient was diagnosed with grade III chondrosarcoma and underwent a right segmental mandibulectomy with submandibular lymph node dissection. Macroscopically, the tumor was localized in the mandibular angle with extension in the mandibular body. Histopathology confirmed the previous diagnosis of grade III chondrosarcoma and did not show any lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Owing to many histological similarities, grade III chondrosarcoma must be distinguished from chondroblastic osteosarcoma and metastatic lesions. In addition, chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the jawbones has a worse prognosis than chondrosarcoma, making the distinction between these two malignant tumors the most important concern of the pathologist when dealing with a cartilage-forming tumor at this site. Surgery with wide excision margins remains the best therapeutic approach, while the role of radiotherapy is controversial. The management of mandibular chondrosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach involving maxillofacial surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Ismail
- Department of Pathology and Biopathology Unit, Clinical Research Center, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Imane Boujguenna
- Department of Pathology and Biopathology Unit, Clinical Research Center, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Koussay Hattab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nadia Mansouri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Najat Cherif Idrissi El Ganouni
- Department of Radiology, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mariem Ouali Idrissi
- Department of Radiology, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Hazmiri
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hanane Rais
- Department of Pathology and Biopathology Unit, Clinical Research Center, MOHAMMED VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
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Manchanda AS, Narang RS, Mahajan S. Osteosarcoma: A case report and evaluation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:374-375. [PMID: 34703147 PMCID: PMC8491360 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) comprises 2.1% of all malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors. OS arising from the jaw OS differs from OS of the long bones in its biological behavior, presenting a lower incidence of metastasis and a better prognosis. The morphologic and behavioral heterogeneity observed in OS and the perplexity of the varied histological features mimicking other primary and metastatic bone tumors has emphasized the need of advanced molecular techniques in its diagnosis. Hereby, we present a case of OS which was diagnosed by immunohistochemical analysis, aiding in establishing its histogenetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesh S Manchanda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh Narang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sanah Mahajan
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Shah S, Mishra B, Tiwari N, Nikunj A. Osteosarcoma of jaws: Challenges in diagnosis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:589. [PMID: 33967520 PMCID: PMC8083400 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_142_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for about 20% of all sarcomas with gnathic involvement seen in about 6%–10% of all OSs. The clinical presentation of OSs in the jaws is different from that of long bones as swelling is the most common complaint in patients with jaw OS followed by pain. The histopathologic variables seen are more favorable in OSs of jaws. Low-grade tumors are Stage I, high-grade tumors are Stage II and metastatic tumors (regardless of grade) are Stage III. A 17-year-old male patient reported with a complaint of the presence of an intra-oral growth gradually increasing in size in the right buccal mucosa region soft tissue enveloping the occlusal aspect of the right mandibular second molar. Extraorally swelling was present on the right side of the face for 4 months. Radiographically, there was a radiolucency from the distal aspect of right Mandibular second molar extending into the ramus region of the mandible with ill-defined borders. Hemi-mandibulectomy was done with the removal of the right mandible from the premolar region to condyle and coronoid processes. Microscopic evaluation of the sections after hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells arranged in a biphasic pattern and some areas of attempted bone formation evident in deeper sections. Tumor was an osteoblastic variety consisting of tumor osteoid surrounded by bizarrely arranged fibroblast-like cells. It showed positive staining with α-smooth muscle actin and Vimentin, suggesting a malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells with high myofibroblastic activity. Our case had small-cell histology; therefore, differential diagnosis was important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonalee Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Biswajit Mishra
- Department of Oral Surgery, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nidhi Tiwari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anand Nikunj
- Department of Oral Surgery, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Krishnan B, Khanna G, Clohisy D. Gene translocations in musculoskeletal neoplasms. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:2131-46. [PMID: 18566876 PMCID: PMC2493006 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Establishing the best diagnosis for musculoskeletal neoplasms requires a multidisciplinary approach using clinical, radiographic, and histologic analyses. Despite this rigorous approach, establishing accurate diagnoses and prognoses remains challenging. Improved diagnostic methods are expected as unique molecular signals for specific bone and soft tissue cancers are identified. We performed a systematic review of the best available evidence to explore three major applications of molecular genetics that will best benefit clinical management of musculoskeletal neoplasms: diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. The specific questions addressed in this systematic review are: (1) What sets of histopathologic sarcoma subtypes will benefit from molecular evaluation and diagnosis? (2) What molecular methods are best applied to histopathologic sarcomas to distinguish between major subtypes? (3) How do the molecular patterns discovered on genetic diagnosis affect prognosis of certain sarcomas? (4) Which sarcoma translocations can benefit from an improved response and outcome using existing and forthcoming pharmacogenetic approaches targeting molecular events? This review summarizes recent advances in molecular genetics that are available and will soon be available to clinicians to better predict outcomes and subsequently help make future treatment decisions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 492, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Gaurav Khanna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 492, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Denis Clohisy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 492, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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