1
|
Bhattacharya R, Saini S, Ghosh S, Roy P, Ali N, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS, Mishra AK, Singh LR. Organosulfurs, S-allyl cysteine and N-acetyl cysteine sequester di-carbonyls and reduces carbonyl stress in HT22 cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13071. [PMID: 37567958 PMCID: PMC10421908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized by high blood glucose level, is a progressive metabolic disease that leads to serious health complications. One of the major pathological consequences associated with diabetes is the accumulation of highly reactive carbonyl compounds called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Most of the AGEs are dicarbonyls and have the potential to covalently modify proteins especially at the lysine residues in a non-enzymatic fashion (a process termed as glycation) resulting in the functional impairment and/or toxic gain in function. Therefore, non-toxic small molecules that can inhibit glycation are of interest for the therapeutic intervention of diabetes. In the present communication, we have investigated the effect of organosulfurs (S-allyl cysteine, SAC and N-acetyl cysteine, NAC) that are major principal components of Allium sativa against the glycation of different proteins. We discovered that both SAC and NAC are potent anti-glycating agents. We also found that both SAC and NAC reduce ROS level and inhibit apoptosis caused by protein glycation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshmee Bhattacharya
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oral N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct to standard medical therapy improved heart function in cases with stable class II and III systolic heart failure. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:2063-2075. [PMID: 34727343 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research attempted to assess whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as adjunctive therapy can be useful in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS Fifty-five cases with diagnosed systolic HF and stable symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II and III and on optimal medical treatment of HF for at least 3 months were assigned for receiving oral NAC (600 mg twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. The outcomes were changes in the echocardiographic hemodynamic indices as well as the patients' functional capacity assessed by NYHA classification over a 12-week treatment. RESULTS Compared to placebo, NAC more significantly improved the systolic left ventricular (LV) function expressed as the ejection fraction and Tei index. These changes are accompanied by more improvement in other LV echocardiographic indices including LV end-diastolic volume index and LV global longitudinal strain in the patients receiving NAC in comparison with those receiving placebo. In parallel with the improvement of LV function, right ventricular (RV) function expressed as RV fractional area change and RV Tei-index also got more improvement in those receiving NAC than those receiving placebo. However, the change in RV global longitudinal strain did not show a significant difference between study groups. Additionally, at week 12, the distribution of the NYHA functional class also shifted toward a better outcome in the NAC group in comparison with the placebo group; however, it was not significant. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data support experimental findings showing that NAC supplementation is able to improve heart function. TRIAL REGISTRATION The registration of the trial was done at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ). Identifier code: IRCT20120215009014N333. Registration date: 2020-01-11.
Collapse
|
3
|
Barros Filho ACL, Moreira HT, Dias BP, Ribeiro FFF, Tanaka DM, Schmidt A, Maciel BC, Simões MV, Marin-Neto JA, Romano MMD. Feasibility and reference intervals assessed by conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography in normal hamsters. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14776. [PMID: 33650789 PMCID: PMC7923569 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine feasibility, reference intervals, and reproducibility of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) in adult Syrian hamsters. BACKGROUND Syrian hamster is an experimental model for several heart diseases. Echocardiography allows the evaluation of structure and function with bidimensional conventional techniques and STE. However, there is no data regarding reference values for bidimensional LVEF and myocardial strain in hamsters. METHODS A total of 135 female Syrian hamsters were anesthetized and studied with a small animal dedicated echocardiography system. Echocardiography measurements were obtained from M-mode and B-mode images. Feasibility and 95% reference intervals were obtained for LVEF using three different approaches: LVEF_Teichholz (from M-mode linear measurements), LVEF_BMode (from area-length method), and LVEF_ STE (from strain), and for global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS), and radial (GRS) endocardial strain. Reproducibility was assessed as intra-class correlation coefficients. RESULTS Feasibility of LVEF and endocardial strain was high (95% in FEVE_Teichholz, 93% in the LVEF_BMode, 84% in the LVEF_STE, 84% from PSLAX, and 80% from PSSAX). Values of LVEF_Teichholz were significantly higher than values of LVEF_BMode, and LVEF_STE-derived methods (59.0 ± 5.8, 53.8 ± 4.7, 46.3 ± 5.7, p < 0.0001). The 95% reference intervals for GLS, GCS, and GRS were respectively -13.6(-7.5;-20.4)%, -20.5 ± 3.1%, and + 34,7 ± 7.0%. Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.49 - 0.91 for LVEF measurements, 0.73 - 0.92 for STE, with better results for LVEF_Teichholz and GLS. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of LVEF by several methods and STE parameters is feasible in hamsters. Reference intervals for LVEF and STE obtained for this experimental animal model can be applied at future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C L Barros Filho
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique T Moreira
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P Dias
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando F F Ribeiro
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M Tanaka
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Schmidt
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito C Maciel
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Simões
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A Marin-Neto
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Minna M D Romano
- Cardiology Center of the Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cruz N, Miranda JD, Crespo MJ. Modulation of Vascular ACE by Oxidative Stress in Young Syrian Cardiomyopathic Hamsters: Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5070064. [PMID: 27420103 PMCID: PMC4961995 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and oxidative stress are present in young Syrian cardiomyopathic hamsters (SCH) before the clinical manifestation of heart failure (HF). The developmental time-course of these alterations and their potential interactions, however, are still unknown. We evaluated mRNA and protein levels of ACE, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the vasculature of SCH from one to four months of age. Total RNA and proteins were quantified with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The role of nitric oxide (NO) on vascular ACE activity was also assessed. ACE mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in SCH at two months of age compared with controls (CT) (p < 0.05). At this two-month stage, eNOS protein levels were lower in SCH (87%) than in CT (100%) (p < 0.05), although iNOS protein levels increased significantly (482%) compared to CT (100%; p < 0.05). In addition, ACE mRNA expression and activity were modulated by NO at two months of age. Thus, the combination of low eNOS and high iNOS protein levels may underlie vascular renin-angiotensin system (RAS) over-activation. Altogether, these factors may contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular hyper-reactivity in the early stages of heart failure, and eventually trigger cardiac deterioration in this animal model of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nildris Cruz
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Jorge D Miranda
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Maria J Crespo
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Puerto Rico-School of Medicine, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falcinelli S, Gowen BB, Trost B, Napper S, Kusalik A, Johnson RF, Safronetz D, Prescott J, Wahl-Jensen V, Jahrling PB, Kindrachuk J. Characterization of the host response to pichinde virus infection in the Syrian golden hamster by species-specific kinome analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:646-57. [PMID: 25573744 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Syrian golden hamster has been increasingly used to study viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) pathogenesis and countermeasure efficacy. As VHFs are a global health concern, well-characterized animal models are essential for both the development of therapeutics and vaccines as well as for increasing our understanding of the molecular events that underlie viral pathogenesis. However, the paucity of reagents or platforms that are available for studying hamsters at a molecular level limits the ability to extract biological information from this important animal model. As such, there is a need to develop platforms/technologies for characterizing host responses of hamsters at a molecular level. To this end, we developed hamster-specific kinome peptide arrays to characterize the molecular host response of the Syrian golden hamster. After validating the functionality of the arrays using immune agonists of defined signaling mechanisms (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), we characterized the host response in a hamster model of VHF based on Pichinde virus (PICV(1)) infection by performing temporal kinome analysis of lung tissue. Our analysis revealed key roles for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL) responses, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in the response to PICV infection. These findings were validated through phosphorylation-specific Western blot analysis. Overall, we have demonstrated that hamster-specific kinome arrays are a robust tool for characterizing the species-specific molecular host response in a VHF model. Further, our results provide key insights into the hamster host response to PICV infection and will inform future studies with high-consequence VHF pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Falcinelli
- From the ‡Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian B Gowen
- §Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Brett Trost
- ¶Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- ‡‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, ‖Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- ¶Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Reed F Johnson
- From the ‡Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Safronetz
- **Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Joseph Prescott
- **Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- §§Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA; ¶¶National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- From the ‡Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; §§Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- §§Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shimada K, Uzui H, Ueda T, Lee JD, Kishimoto C. N-Acetylcysteine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis in Rats via Nitric Oxide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:203-10. [PMID: 25147347 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414547574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may play an important role in the development of myocarditis. We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS A rat model of porcine myosin-induced EAM was used. After the immunization with myosin, NAC (20 mg/kg/d) or saline was injected intraperitoneally on days 1 to 21. Additional myosin-immunized rats treated with NAC were orally given 25 mg/kg/d of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and N(G)-nitro-d-arginine methylester (d-NAME), an inactive enantiomer. The NAC treatment improved cardiac pathology associated with reduced superoxide production. In the EAM rats treated with NAC associated with oral l-NAME, but not with oral d-NAME, the severity of myocarditis was not reduced. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was reduced by NAC treatment. Myocardial c-kit(+) cells were demonstrated only in the NAC-treated group. Hemodynamic study showed that the increased left ventricular mass produced by myocardial inflammation tended to be reduced by NAC treatment. CONCLUSION Treatment with NAC ameliorated myocardial injury via NO system in a rat model of myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Uzui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jong-Dae Lee
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
WU XIAOYAN, LUO ANYU, ZHOU YIRONG, REN JIANGHUA. N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:615-24. [PMID: 24889421 PMCID: PMC4094772 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of oxidative stress on nuclear factor (NF)‑κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure were examined using the antioxidant N‑acetylcysteine (NAC). Heart failure was established in Japanese white rabbits with intravenous injections of doxorubicin, with ten rabbits serving as a control group. Of the rabbits with heart failure, 12 were not treated (HF group) and 13 received NAC (NAC group). Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis. Myocardial cell apoptosis, apoptosis‑related protein expression, NF‑κBp65 expression and activity, total anti‑oxidative capacity (tAOC), 8‑iso‑prostaglandin F2α (8‑iso‑PGF2α) expression and glutathione (GSH) expression levels were determined. In the HF group, reduced tAOC, GSH levels and Bcl‑2/Bax ratios as well as increased 8‑iso‑PGF2α levels and apoptosis were observed (all P<0.05), which were effects that were attenuated by the treatment with NAC. NF‑κBp65 and iNOS levels were significantly higher and the P‑IκB‑α levels were significantly lower in the HF group; expression of all three proteins returned to pre‑HF levels following treatment with NAC. Myocardial cell apoptosis was positively correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), NF‑κBp65 expression and 8‑iso‑PGF2α levels, but negatively correlated with the maximal and minimal rates of increase in left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax and ‑dp/dtmin, respectively) and the Bcl‑2/Bax ratio (all P<0.001). The 8‑iso‑PGF2α levels were positively correlated with LVEDP and negatively correlated with +dp/dtmax and ‑dp/dtmin (all P<0.001). The present study demonstrated that NAC increased the antioxidant capacity, decreased the NF‑κB activation and reduced myocardial cell apoptosis in an in vivo heart failure model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XIAO-YAN WU
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - AN-YU LUO
- Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - YI-RONG ZHOU
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - JIANG-HUA REN
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Camuglia AC, Maeder MT, Starr J, Farrington C, Kaye DM. Impact of N-acetylcysteine on endothelial function, B-type natriuretic peptide and renal function in patients with the cardiorenal syndrome: a pilot cross over randomised controlled trial. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 22:256-9. [PMID: 23219310 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both heart and renal failure are characterised by increased systemic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and occur in the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, on endothelial function, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and renal function in patients with CRS. METHODS In a double blind, placebo controlled manner, we randomised nine stable outpatients with both heart failure (LVEF<40% and NYHA class II or III) and renal failure (Cockroft Gault clearance of 20-60ml/min) to placebo or NAC (500mg orally twice daily) for 28 days followed by a wash out period (>7 days) and crossover to the other treatment. RESULTS Eight patients completed the study and all data (N=9) was used in the analysis. Mean forearm blood flow improved significantly with NAC with mean ratio of improvement of 1.99 (SEM: ±0.49) for NAC and 0.73 (SEM: ±0.23) for placebo with a p-value of 0.047. There was no significant difference in BNP (p=0.25), renal function (p=0.71) or NYHA class (p=0.5). No deaths occurred during the trial. CONCLUSION In this pilot trial of patients with CRS, NAC therapy was associated with improved forearm blood flow. This may represent a general improvement in endothelial function and warrants further investigation of antioxidant therapy in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Camuglia
- The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne 8008, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|