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Mondal NK, Li S, Elsenousi AE, Mattar A, Nordick KV, Lamba HK, Hochman-Mendez C, Rosengart TK, Liao KK. NADPH oxidase overexpression and mitochondrial OxPhos impairment are more profound in human hearts donated after circulatory death than brain death. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H548-H562. [PMID: 38180451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00616.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated cardiac stress and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in human donation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts regarding warm ischemic time (WIT) and subsequent cold storage and compared them with that of human brain death donor (DBD) hearts. A total of 24 human hearts were procured for the research study-6 in the DBD group and 18 in the DCD group. DCD group was divided into three groups (n = 6) based on different WITs (20, 40, and 60 min). All hearts received del Nido cardioplegia before being placed in normal saline cold storage for 6 h. Left ventricular biopsies were performed at hours 0, 2, 4, and 6. Cardiac stress [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits: 47-kDa protein of phagocyte oxidase (p47phox), 91-kDa glycoprotein of phagocyte oxidase (gp91phox)] and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [OxPhos, complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) subunit of ETC (CI)-complex V (ATP synthase) subunit of ETC (CV)] proteins were measured in cardiac tissue and mitochondria respectively. Modulation of cardiac stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in both DCD and DBD hearts. However, DCD hearts suffered more cardiac stress (overexpressed NADPH oxidase subunits) and diminished mitochondrial OxPhos than DBD hearts. The severity of cardiac stress and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in DCD hearts correlated with the longer WIT and subsequent cold storage time. More drastic changes were evident in DCD hearts with a WIT of 60 min or more. Activation of NADPH oxidase via overproduction of p47phox and gp91phox proteins in cardiac tissue may be responsible for cardiac stress leading to diminished mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These protein changes can be used as biomarkers for myocardium damage and might help assess DCD and DBD heart transplant suitability.NEW & NOTEWORTHY First human DCD heart research studied cardiac stress and mitochondrial dysfunction concerning WIT and the efficacy of del Nido cardioplegia as an organ procurement solution and subsequent cold storage. Mild to moderate cardiac stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were noticed in DCD hearts with WIT 20 and 40 min and cold storage for 4 and 2 h, respectively. These changes can serve as biomarkers, allowing interventions to preserve mitochondria and extend WIT in DCD hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan K Mondal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Shiyi Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Abdussalam E Elsenousi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Aladdein Mattar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Katherine V Nordick
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Harveen K Lamba
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kenneth K Liao
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Hypothermia Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction during Acute Ischemia Reperfusion by Maintaining Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and by Promoting Hexokinase II Binding to Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4476448. [PMID: 35873800 PMCID: PMC9301761 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4476448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypothermia (H), cardioplegia (CP), and both combined (HCP) are known to be protective against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Mitochondria have molecular signaling mechanisms that are associated with both cell survival and cell death. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in proapoptotic and prosurvival signaling pathways mediating H, CP, or HCP-induced protection of mitochondrial function after acute myocardial IR injury. Methods Rats were divided into five groups. Each group consists of 3 subgroups based on a specific reperfusion time (5, 20, or 60 min) after a 25-min global ischemia. The time control (TC) groups were not subjected to IR but were perfused with 37 °C Krebs-Ringer's (KR) buffer, containing 4.5 mM K+, in a specific perfusion protocol that corresponded with the duration of each IR protocol. The IR group (control) was perfused for 20 min with KR, followed by 25-min global ischemia, and then KR reperfusion for 5, 20, or 60 min. The treatment groups were exposed to 17 °C H, 37 °C CP (16 mM K+), or HCP (17 °C + CP) for 5 min before ischemia and for 2 min on reperfusion before switching to 37 °C KR perfusion for the remainder of each of the reperfusion times. Cardiac function and mitochondrial redox state (NADH/FAD) were monitored online in the ex vivo hearts before, during, and after ischemia. Mitochondria were isolated at the end of each specified reperfusion time, and changes in O2 consumption, membrane potential (ΔΨm), and Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) were assessed using complex I and complex II substrates. In another set of hearts, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were isolated after a specified reperfusion time to conduct western blot assays to determine hexokinase II (HKII) and Bax binding/translocation to mitochondria, cytosolic pAkt levels, and cytochrome c (Cyto-c) release into the cytosol. Results H and HCP were more protective of mitochondrial integrity and, concomitantly, cardiac function than CP alone; H and HCP improved post-ischemic cardiac function by (1) maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics, (2) maintaining HKII binding to mitochondria with an increase in pAkt levels, (3) increasing CRC, and (4) decreasing Cyto-c release during reperfusion. Bax translocation/binding to mitochondria was unaffected by any treatment, regardless of cardiac functional recovery. Conclusions Hypothermia preserved mitochondrial function and cardiac function, in part, by maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics, by retaining HKII binding to mitochondria via upstream pAkt, and by reducing Cyto-c release independently of Bax binding to mitochondria.
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Braik A, Lahouel M, Merabet R, Djebar MR, Morin D. Myocardial protection by propolis during prolonged hypothermic preservation. Cryobiology 2019; 88:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma C, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Liu Z, Tian X. Isoquercetin ameliorates myocardial infarction through anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis factor and regulating TLR4-NF-κB signal pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532872 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective mechanisms and identify the effects of isoquercetin on myocardial infarction in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Isoquercetin ameliorated myocardial infarct size, creatine kinase (CK), CK‑MB and lactic dehydrogenase activity and inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress and heart cell apoptosis in a rat with AMI. Isoquercetin increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase levels and suppressed the Toll-like receptor 4‑nuclear factor (TLR4‑NF)‑κB signaling pathway in a rat with AMI. Overall, isoquercetin ameliorated AMI through anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic factors, and regulation of the TLR4‑NF‑κB signaling pathway. Isoquercetin may therefore potentially exert a protective effect against AMI or other heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtai Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Yang M, Stowe DF, Udoh KB, Heisner JS, Camara AKS. Reversible blockade of complex I or inhibition of PKCβ reduces activation and mitochondria translocation of p66Shc to preserve cardiac function after ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113534. [PMID: 25436907 PMCID: PMC4250075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a vital role in cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. P66Shc, a splice variant of the ShcA adaptor protein family, enhances mROS production by oxidizing reduced cytochrome c to yield H2O2. Ablation of p66Shc protects against IR injury, but it is unknown if and when p66Shc is activated during cardiac ischemia and/or reperfusion and if attenuating complex I electron transfer or deactivating PKCβ alters p66Shc activation during IR is associated with cardioprotection. Methods Isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused and subjected to increasing periods of ischemia and reperfusion with or without amobarbital, a complex I blocker, or hispidin, a PKCβ inhibitor. Phosphorylation of p66Shc at serine 36 and levels of p66Shc in mitochondria and cytosol were measured. Cardiac functional variables and redox states were monitored online before, during and after ischemia. Infarct size was assessed in some hearts after 120 min reperfusion. Results Phosphorylation of p66Shc and its translocation into mitochondria increased during reperfusion after 20 and 30 min ischemia, but not during ischemia only, or during 5 or 10 min ischemia followed by 20 min reperfusion. Correspondingly, cytosolic p66Shc levels decreased during these ischemia and reperfusion periods. Amobarbital or hispidin reduced phosphorylation of p66Shc and its mitochondrial translocation induced by 30 min ischemia and 20 min reperfusion. Decreased phosphorylation of p66Shc by amobarbital or hispidin led to better functional recovery and less infarction during reperfusion. Conclusion Our results show that IR activates p66Shc and that reversible blockade of electron transfer from complex I, or inhibition of PKCβ activation, decreases p66Shc activation and translocation and reduces IR damage. These observations support a novel potential therapeutic intervention against cardiac IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - David F Stowe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Research Service, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Kenechukwu B Udoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - James S Heisner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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Cardioprotective mechanism of diazoxide involves the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:2042-50. [PMID: 23642436 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener, diazoxide, preserves myocyte volume homeostasis and contractility during stress via an unknown mechanism. Pharmacologic overlap has been suggested between succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and KATP channel modulators. Diazoxide may be cardioprotective due to the inhibition of SDH which may form a portion of the mitochondrial KATP channel. To determine the role of inhibition of SDH in diazoxide's cardioprotection, this study utilized glutathione to prevent the inhibition of SDH. METHODS SDH activity was measured in isolated mitochondria exposed to succinate (control), malonate (inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase), diazoxide, and varying concentrations of glutathione alone or in combination with diazoxide. Enzyme activity was measured by spectrophotometric analysis. To evaluate myocyte volume and contractility, cardiac myocytes were superfused with Tyrode's physiologic solution (Tyrode's) (20 minutes), followed by test solution (20 minutes), including Tyrode's, hyperkalemic cardioplegia (stress), cardioplegia + diazoxide, cardioplegia + diazoxide + glutathione, or glutathione alone; followed by Tyrode's (20 minutes). Myocyte volume and contractility were recorded using image grabbing software. RESULTS Both malonate and diazoxide inhibited succinate dehydrogenase. Glutathione prevented the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by diazoxide in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of diazoxide prevented the detrimental myocyte swelling due to cardioplegia alone and this benefit was lost with the addition of glutathione. However, glutathione elicited an independent cardioprotective effect on myocyte contractility. CONCLUSIONS The ability of diazoxide to provide beneficial myocyte homeostasis during stress involves the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, which may also involve the opening of a purported mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel.
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Yang M, Camara AKS, Wakim BT, Zhou Y, Gadicherla AK, Kwok WM, Stowe DF. Tyrosine nitration of voltage-dependent anion channels in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion: reduction by peroxynitrite scavenging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:2049-59. [PMID: 22709907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Excess superoxide (O(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) forms peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) during cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, which in turn induces protein tyrosine nitration (tyr-N). Mitochondria are both a source of and target for ONOO(-). Our aim was to identify specific mitochondrial proteins that display enhanced tyr-N after cardiac IR injury, and to explore whether inhibiting O(2)(-)/ONOO(-) during IR decreases mitochondrial protein tyr-N and consequently improves cardiac function. We show here that IR increased tyr-N of 35 and 15kDa mitochondrial proteins using Western blot analysis with 3-nitrotyrosine antibody. Immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by LC-MS/MS identified 13 protein candidates for tyr-N. IP and Western blot identified and confirmed that the 35kDa tyr-N protein is the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Tyr-N of native cardiac VDAC with IR was verified on recombinant (r) VDAC with exogenous ONOO(-). We also found that ONOO(-) directly enhanced rVDAC channel activity, and rVDAC tyr-N induced by ONOO(-) formed oligomers. Resveratrol (RES), a scavenger of O(2)(-)/ONOO(-), reduced the tyr-N levels of both native and recombinant VDAC, while L-NAME, which inhibits NO generation, only reduced tyr-N levels of native VDAC. O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) levels were reduced in perfused hearts during IR by RES and L-NAME and this was accompanied by improved cardiac function. These results identify tyr-N of VDAC and show that reducing ONOO(-) during cardiac IR injury can attenuate tyr-N of VDAC and improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Biary N, Xie C, Kauffman J, Akar FG. Biophysical properties and functional consequences of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release in intact myocardium. J Physiol 2011; 589:5167-79. [PMID: 21825030 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced ROS release (RIRR) is a fundamental mechanism by which cardiac mitochondria respond to elevated ROS levels by stimulating endogenous ROS production in a regenerative, autocatalytic process that ultimately results in global oxidative stress (OS), cellular dysfunction and death. Despite elegant studies describing the phenomenon of RIRR under artificial conditions such as photo-induced oxidation of discrete regions within cardiomyocytes, the existence, biophysical properties and functional consequences of RIRR in intact myocardium remain unclear. Here, we used a semi-quantitative approach of optical superoxide (O(2)(-)) mapping using dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence to explore RIRR, its arrhythmic consequences and underlying mechanisms in intact myocardium. Initially, perfusion of rat hearts with 200 μM H(2)O(2) for 40 min (n = 4) elicited two distinct O(2)(-) peaks that were readily distinguished by their timing and amplitude. The first peak (P1), which was generated rapidly (within 5-8 min of H(2)O(2) perfusion) was associated with a relatively limited (10 ± 2%) rise in normalized O(2)(-) levels relative to baseline. In contrast, the second peak (P2) occurred 19-26 min following onset of H(2)O(2) perfusion and was associated with a significantly greater amplitude compared to P1. Spatio-temporal ROS mapping during P2 revealed active O(2)(-) propagation across the myocardium at a velocity of ~20 μm s(-1). Exposure of hearts (n = 18) to a short (10 min) episode of H(2)O(2) perfusion revealed consistent generation of P2 by high (≥200 μM, 8/8) but not lower (≤100 μM, 3/8) H(2)O(2) concentrations (P < 0.03). In these hearts, onset of P2 occurred following, not during, the 10 min OS protocol, consistent with RIRR. Importantly, P2 (+) hearts exhibited a markedly greater (by 3.8-fold, P < 0.001) arrhythmia score compared to P2 (-) hearts. To explore the mechanism underlying RIRR in intact myocardium, hearts were perfused with either cyclosporin A (CsA) or 4-chlorodiazepam (4-Cl-DZP) to inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) or the inner membrane anion channel (IMAC), respectively. Surprisingly, perfusion with CsA failed to suppress (P = 0.75, n.s.) or even delay H(2)O(2)-induced P2 or the incidence of arrhythmias compared to untreated hearts. In sharp contrast, perfusion with 4-Cl-DZP markedly blunted O(2)(-) levels during P2, and suppressed the incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Finally, perfusion of hearts with the synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK-134 completely abolished the H(2)O(2)-mediated RIRR response as well as the incidence of arrhythmias. These findings extend the concept of RIRR to the level of the intact heart, establish regenerative O(2)(-) production as the mediator of RIRR-related arrhythmias and reveal their strong dependence on IMAC and not the mPTP in this acute model of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Biary
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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