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Das SK, Nerune SM, Das KK. Antioxidant therapy for hepatic diseases: a double-edged sword. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:7-14. [PMID: 38234261 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases are complex conditions, significantly influenced by oxidative stress. This comprehensive review assesses the therapeutic role of antioxidants like l-ascorbic acid and α tocopherol, beta-carotene, various minerals, and plant-based ingredients in mitigating oxidative stress-induced liver diseases. The manuscript delves into the critical influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on disease susceptibility, progression, and response to antioxidant therapy. While animal studies suggest antioxidant efficacy in liver disease treatment, human trials remain inconclusive, and caution is advised due to its possible potential pro-oxidant effects. Moreover, the interactions of antioxidants with other drugs necessitate careful consideration in the management of polypharmacy in liver disease patients. The review underscores the need for further research to establish the clinical benefits of antioxidants with understanding of possible antioxidant toxicities to elucidate the intricate interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in liver diseases. The aim is to foster a better understanding of the knowledge on hepatic disease management with judicial antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayandeep K Das
- Department of Pathology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitri M Nerune
- Department of Pathology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal K Das
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
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Gligorijević N, Šukalović V, Penezić A, Nedić O. Characterisation of the binding of dihydro-alpha-lipoic acid to fibrinogen and the effects on fibrinogen oxidation and fibrin formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:319-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:724-741. [PMID: 31521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of the dietary components of the Mediterranean diet are reviewed in prevention of cardiovascular disease, stroke, age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. A companion article provides a comprehensive review of extra-virgin olive oil. The benefits of consumption of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids are described. Fresh fish provides eicosapentaenoic acid while α-linolenic acid is found in canola and soybean oils, purslane and nuts. These ω-3 fatty acids interact metabolically with ω-6 fatty acids mainly linoleic acid from corn oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil. Diets rich in ω-6 fatty acids inhibit the formation of healthier ω-3 fatty acids. The deleterious effects on lipid metabolism of excessive intake of carbohydrates, in particular high-fructose corn syrup and artificial sweeteners, are explained. The critical role of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the developing and aging brain and in Alzheimer disease is addressed. Nutritional epidemiology studies, prospective population-based surveys, and clinical trials confirm the salutary effects of fish consumption on prevention of coronary artery disease, stroke and dementia. Recent recommendations on fish consumption by pregnant women and potential mercury toxicity are reviewed. The polyphenols and flavonoids of plant origin play a critical role in the Mediterranean diet, because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of benefit in type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer prevention. Polyphenols from fruits and vegetables modulate tau hyperphosphorylation and beta amyloid aggregation in animal models of Alzheimer disease. From the public health viewpoint worldwide the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables has become the main tool for prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. We review the important dietary role of cereal grains in prevention of coronary disease and stroke. Polyphenols from grapes, wine and alcoholic beverages are discussed, in particular their effects on coagulation. The mechanisms of action of probiotics and vitamins are also included.
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Sohaib M, Anjum FM, Nasir M, Saeed F, Arshad MS, Hussain S. Alpha-lipoic acid: An inimitable feed supplement for poultry nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:33-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - F. M. Anjum
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - M. Nasir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
| | - F. Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. S. Arshad
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - S. Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Valiollahpoor Amiri M, Deldar H, Ansari Pirsaraei Z. Impact of supplementary royal jelly onin vitromaturation of sheep oocytes: genes involved in apoptosis and embryonic development. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 62:31-8. [DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1088102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mahlicli FY, Altinkaya SA. Immobilization of alpha lipoic acid onto polysulfone membranes to suppress hemodialysis induced oxidative stress. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Arshad MS, Anjum FM, Khan MI, Shahid M. Wheat germ oil and α-lipoic acid predominantly improve the lipid profile of broiler meat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11158-11165. [PMID: 24191686 DOI: 10.1021/jf4041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In response to recent assertions that synthetic antioxidants may have the potential to cause toxic effects and to consumers' increased attention to consuming natural products, the poultry industry has been seeking sources of natural antioxidants, alone or in combination with synthetic antioxidants that are currently being used by the industry. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of α-lipoic acid, α-tocopherol, and wheat germ oil on the status of antioxidant enzymes, fatty acid profile, and serum biochemical profile of broiler blood. One-day-old (180) broiler birds were fed six different feeds varying in their antioxidant content: no addition (T1), natural α-tocopherol (wheat germ oil, T2), synthetic α-tocopherol (T3), α-lipoic acid (T4), α-lipoic acid together with natural α-tocopherol (T5), and α-lipoic acid together with synthetic α-tocopherol (T6). The composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the breast and leg meat was positively influenced by the different dietary supplements. The content of fatty acid was significantly greater in broilers receiving T2 both in breast (23.92%) and in leg (25.82%) meat, whereas lower fatty acid levels was found in broilers receiving diets containing T6 in the breast (19.57%) and leg (21.30%) meat. Serum total cholesterol (113.42 mg/dL) and triglycerides (52.29 mg/dL) were lowest in the group given natural α-tocopherol and α-lipoic acid. Wheat germ oil containing natural α-tocopherol alone or with α-lipoic acid was more effective than synthetic α-tocopherol in raising levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase while lowering plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides and raising high-density lipoprotein and plasma protein significantly. It was concluded that the combination of wheat germ oil and α-lipoic acid is helpful in improving the lipid profile of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Pastori D, Carnevale R, Cangemi R, Saliola M, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Vicario T, Farcomeni A, Violi F, Pignatelli P. Vitamin E serum levels and bleeding risk in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy: a retrospective cohort study. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000364. [PMID: 24166490 PMCID: PMC3886776 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic risk assessment is a crucial issue in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who are receiving oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT). Our aim was to analyze the relationship between vitamin E, which possesses anticoagulant properties, and bleeding events in NVAF patients. Methods and Results In this retrospective observational study we analyzed baseline serum cholesterol‐adjusted vitamin E (vit E/chol) levels in 566 consecutive patients (59% males, mean age 73.6 years) receiving OAT followed up for a mean time of 22 months. Mean time in therapeutic INR range (TTR) was 64%. The overall incidence rate of any bleeding event was 9.2/100 person‐years. Compared to patients who did not bleed, those who experienced bleeding events (n=92, 73 minor and 15 major bleedings and 4 cerebral hemorrhages according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis [ISTH] ) classification) showed a significant difference for history of coronary heart disease (P=0.039), HAS‐BLED score (P=0.002), and vit E/chol levels (P<0.001). Higher vit E/chol serum levels were found in patients who bled compared to those who did not (5.27±1.93 versus 4.48±1.97 μmol/cholesterol; P<0.001), with a progressive increase from minor (5.16±1.91 μmol/mmol cholesterol, P=0.006) to major bleedings (5.72±2.0 μmol/mmol cholesterol, P=0.008). A Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that serum vit E/chol quartiles (global P=0.0189) and HAS‐BLED scores (P=0.005) predicted bleeding events. Conclusions In a NVAF population being treated with warfarin, serum vitamin E predicted hemorrhagic events. Further study is necessary to see if the relationship between serum levels of vitamin E and bleeding is still maintained with the use of new anticoagulants. Clinical Trial Registration URL: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier NCT01882114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pastori
- Center of Atherothrombosis, I Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Policlinico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Bleeding Complications in Both Anticoagulated and Nonanticoagulated Surgical Patients. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2013; 29:113-7. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e31827f599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Finno C, Valberg S. A Comparative Review of Vitamin E and Associated Equine Disorders. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1251-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C.J. Finno
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul; MN
| | - S.J. Valberg
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; St. Paul; MN
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Wong WW, Gabriel A, Maxwell GP, Gupta SC. Bleeding risks of herbal, homeopathic, and dietary supplements: a hidden nightmare for plastic surgeons? Aesthet Surg J 2012; 32:332-46. [PMID: 22395325 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x12438913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of complementary and alternative medicine has increased tremendously in the last two decades. Herbal products, homeopathic medicines, and dietary supplements are extremely popular and are available without a prescription (which likely contributes to their popularity). Despite their "natural" characteristics, these remedies have the potential to cause bleeding in patients who undergo surgery. The high use of these supplements among cosmetic surgery patients, coupled with increasing reports of hematomas associated with herbal and homeopathic medicines, prompted the authors to conduct a comprehensive review focused on bleeding risks of such products in an effort to raise awareness among plastic surgeons. This review focuses on 19 herbs, three herbal formulas, two herbal teas, and several other supplements that can cause bleeding perioperatively and postoperatively. In addition to being aware of such adverse effects, plastic surgeons must adequately screen all patients and educate them on the possible dangers associated with these treatments.
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Navarese EP, Mollo R, Buffon A. Effect of alpha lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic dysfunction and platelet reactivity in type 1 diabetes: rationale and design of the AUTOnomic function and platelet REACTivity trial (AUTO-REACT protocol). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 92:375-9. [PMID: 20880602 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between cardiac autonomic dysfunction and increased platelet reactivity in patients with type 1 diabetes and whether alpha lipoic acid therapy (ALA) might improve both abnormalities in these patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cardiac autonomic function will be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Platelet reactivity will be investigated by both measuring the aggregation time on the PFA-100 method and flow cytometry. HRV and platelet reactivity will be re-assessed in the patients with depressed HRV after 4 weeks from randomization to ALA or placebo. DISCUSSION The cardiovascular autonomic system might play a role in the modulation of platelet reactivity which is increased in diabetes. Within this framework, ALA might be found to exercise antithrombotic effects in addition to its known antioxidants properties. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 12610000291088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano Pio Navarese
- Department of Cardiology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A Gemelli 8, 800168 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Oral warfarin is associated with extensive food and drug interactions, and there is a need to consider such interactions with the new oral anticoagulants (OACs) dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and apixaban. A literature survey was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and recent abstracts from thrombosis meetings to identify publications related to food, drug and dietary supplement interaction studies with dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and apixaban. Clinical experience regarding food interactions is currently limited. Regarding drug-drug interactions, dabigatran requires caution when used in combination with strong inhibitors or inducers of P-glycoprotein, such as amiodarone or rifampicin. Rivaroxaban (and possibly apixaban) is contraindicated in combination with drugs that strongly inhibit both cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein, such as azole antimycotics, and caution is required when used in combination with strong inhibitors of only one of these pathways. Important drug interactions of the new OACs that can lead to adverse clinical reactions may also occur with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin and clopidogrel. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications and food supplements (e.g. St. John's Wort) may also interact with the new OACs. Given the common long-term use of drugs for some chronic disorders, the frequent use of OTC medications and the need for multiple treatments in special populations, such as the elderly people, it is essential that the issue of drug interactions is properly evaluated. New OACs offer significant potential advantages to the field of venous thromboprophylaxis, but we should not fail to appreciate their lack of extensive clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Walenga
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Vernarelli JA, Roberts JS, Hiraki S, Chen CA, Cupples LA, Green RC. Effect of Alzheimer disease genetic risk disclosure on dietary supplement use. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1402-7. [PMID: 20219963 PMCID: PMC2854909 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer disease (AD) with APOE genotype disclosure is not recommended for clinical use but is available through direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies. Little is known about whether APOE genotype disclosure would actually prompt changes in nutrition behaviors among at-risk individuals. OBJECTIVE We studied the effect of APOE genotype disclosure for AD risk assessment on dietary supplement use in adults with a family history of AD. DESIGN As part of a secondary analysis of data from the second Risk Evaluation and Education for Alzheimer's Disease Study, we examined the effect of genotype disclosure on health-behavior changes among 272 unaffected first-degree relatives of persons with AD. RESULTS Overall, 16% of all participants reported a change in dietary supplement use after AD risk assessment. Participants who learned that they had at least one copy of the risk-increasing epsilon4 allele (epsilon4+) had 4.75 times the odds of reporting a change in dietary supplement use than did their counterparts who had an absence of the risk-increasing epsilon4 allele (epsilon4-) (95% CI: 2.23, 10.10; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, race, baseline supplement use, randomization arm, and educational level. There were no significant differences between APOE epsilon4+ and epsilon4- participants in changes in overall diet, exercise, or medications. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of first-degree relatives receiving genetic susceptibility testing for AD, an APOE epsilon4+ genotype status was positively associated with dietary supplement use after risk disclosure. Such changes occurred despite the absence of evidence that supplement use reduces the risk of AD. Given the expansion of DTC genetic tests, this study highlights the need for future studies in disease risk communication.
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Wang JS, Cheng ML, Yen HC, Lou BS, Liu HC. Vitamin E Suppresses Enhancement of Factor VIII-Dependent Thrombin Generation by Systemic Hypoxia. Stroke 2009; 40:656-9. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.108.517995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Shyan Wang
- From the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Center for Healthy Aging Research (J.-S.W., H.-C.L.), the Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology (M.-L.C., H.-C.Y.), and the General Education Center (B.-S.L.), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- From the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Center for Healthy Aging Research (J.-S.W., H.-C.L.), the Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology (M.-L.C., H.-C.Y.), and the General Education Center (B.-S.L.), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Yen
- From the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Center for Healthy Aging Research (J.-S.W., H.-C.L.), the Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology (M.-L.C., H.-C.Y.), and the General Education Center (B.-S.L.), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Show Lou
- From the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Center for Healthy Aging Research (J.-S.W., H.-C.L.), the Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology (M.-L.C., H.-C.Y.), and the General Education Center (B.-S.L.), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chun Liu
- From the Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science and Center for Healthy Aging Research (J.-S.W., H.-C.L.), the Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology (M.-L.C., H.-C.Y.), and the General Education Center (B.-S.L.), Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Miyazawa T, Shibata A, Sookwong P, Kawakami Y, Eitsuka T, Asai A, Oikawa S, Nakagawa K. Antiangiogenic and anticancer potential of unsaturated vitamin E (tocotrienol). J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Efficacy, safety and tolerability of tipranavir coadministered with ritonavir in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents. AIDS 2008; 22:1789-98. [PMID: 18753862 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32830c481b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir (TPV/r) in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients. DESIGN Open-label randomized pediatric trial (1182.14/PACTG1051) comparing TPV/r at two doses including an optimized background regimen. METHODS HIV-1-infected patients (2-18 years) with plasma viral load 1500 copies/ml or more were randomized to TPV/r 290/115 or 375/150 mg/m twice-daily oral solution and optimized background regimen. Week 48 efficacy, safety and tolerability results were evaluated. RESULTS Children (n = 115; 97% treatment experienced) were randomized to low or high dose therapy. Eighty-eight remained on-treatment through 48 weeks. Baseline characteristics were similar between dose groups. At study entry, half of the HIV-1 isolates were resistant to all protease inhibitors. At 48 weeks, 39.7% low-dose and 45.6% high-dose TPV/r recipients had viral load less than 400 copies/ml and 34.5 and 35.1%, respectively, achieved viral load less than 50 copies/ml. Vomiting, cough and diarrhea were the most frequent adverse events. Grade 3 alanine aminotransferase elevations were observed in 6.3% of patients. No grade 4 alanine aminotransferase or grade 3/4 aspartate aminotransferase elevations were reported. CONCLUSIONS TPV/r achieved a sustained virologic response, showed a good safety profile and was well tolerated at either dose. In pediatric patients with high baseline resistance profiles, high-dose TPV/r tended to demonstrate a better sustained response.
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Shin BS, Lee BD, Hahm TS, Kim CS, Park CD, Gwak MS, Lee SM, Chung IS, Kim GS. Effects of ascorbic acid on coagulation during living donor liver transplantation in adults. Korean J Anesthesiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2008.55.4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Seop Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Dal Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Hahm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Do Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik Soo Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gaab Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
To understand how vitamin E fulfills its functions in membranes and lipoproteins, it is necessary to know how it associates with the lipid components of these structures and the effects its presence has on their structure and stability. Studies of model membrane systems containing vitamin E have proved to be an informative approach to address these questions. A review of the way vitamin E interacts with phospholipid bilayers, how it distributes within the structure, its motional diffusion characteristics, and orientation has been undertaken. The effect of vitamin E on membrane stability and permeability has been described. The tendency of vitamin E to form complexes with certain phospholipids is examined as is the way modulation of protein functions takes place. Finally, recent evidence relevant to the putative role of vitamin E in protecting membranes from free radical attack and the consequences of lipid oxidation in lipoproteins and membranes is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College London, London SE2 9NH, United Kingdom
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Nakagawa K, Shibata A, Yamashita S, Tsuzuki T, Kariya J, Oikawa S, Miyazawa T. In vivo angiogenesis is suppressed by unsaturated vitamin E, tocotrienol. J Nutr 2007; 137:1938-43. [PMID: 17634267 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.8.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy using drugs and food components is a recognized strategy for the prevention of various angiogenesis-mediated disorders such as tumor growth, diabetic retinopathy, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our preliminary cell culture studies, using both bovine aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on screening for food-derived antiangiogenic compounds, showed tocotrienol (T3), an unsaturated version of vitamin E, to be a potential angiogenic inhibitor. We therefore investigaged the in vivo antiangiogenic properties of T3 using 2 well-characterized angiogenic models [mouse dorsal air sac (DAS) assay and the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay]. In the DAS assay, the increased neovascularization (angiogenesis index, 4.8 +/- 0.6) in tumor cell-implanted mice was suppressed (angiogenesis index, 2.7 +/- 0.6) by dietary supplementation of 10 mg T3-rich oil/d (equivalent to 4.4 mg T3/d). In the CAM assay, T3 (500-1000 microg/egg) inhibited new blood vessel formation on the growing CAM and increased the frequency of avascular zone (36-50%). To evaluate the antiangiogenic mechanism, we conducted cell-culture studies and found that T3 significantly reduced fibroblast growth factor -induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HUVEC (P < 0.05), with delta-T3 having the highest activity. Western blot analysis revealed that delta-T3 suppressed the phosphorylation of phosophoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK) and Akt, and increased the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase and p38 in fibroblast growth factor-treated HUVEC, indicating that the antiangiogenic effects of T3 are associated with changes in growth factor-dependent phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase /PDK/Akt signaling as well as induction of apoptosis in endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that T3 has potential as a therapeutic dietary supplement for preventing angiogenic disorders, and therefore future clinical study will be required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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Thiele JJ, Ekanayake-Mudiyanselage S. Vitamin E in human skin: organ-specific physiology and considerations for its use in dermatology. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:646-67. [PMID: 17719081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E has been used for more than 50 years in experimental and clinical dermatology. While a large number of case reports were published in this time, there is still a lack of controlled clinical studies providing a rationale for well defined dosages and clinical indications. In contrast, advances in basic research on the physiology, mechanism of action, penetration, bioconversion and photoprotection of vitamin E in human skin has led to the development of numerous new formulations for use in cosmetics and skin care products. This article reviews basic mechanisms and possible cosmetic as well as clinical implications of the recent advances in cutaneous vitamin E research. Experimental evidence suggests that topical and oral vitamin E has antitumorigenic, photoprotective, and skin barrier stabilizing properties. While the current use of vitamin E is largely limited to cosmetics, controlled clinical studies for indications such as atopic dermatitis or preventions of photocarcinogenesis are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens J Thiele
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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