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Jiwatram-Negron T, Meinhart M, Ward M, Michalopoulos L, Zhan Q, Nikitin D, Gilbert L. Associations between different forms of intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress among women who use drugs and alcohol in Kyrgyzstan. J Trauma Stress 2024; 37:318-327. [PMID: 38356327 DOI: 10.1002/jts.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) have an increased risk of experiencing posttraumatic stress, and the subsequently associated symptoms can vary by form of IPV exposure (i.e., physical, sexual, or psychological IPV). Related research among socially marginalized populations, however, is limited, including among women who use and misuse substances. Drawing on baseline data from a pilot study conducted among 213 women in Kyrgyzstan who reported using drugs or engaging in hazardous alcohol use, we examined the associations between different forms of IPV and severe posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The vast majority of participants reported lifetime (93.9%, n = 200) and past 3-month (65.3%, n = 139) IPV, and two thirds of participants (65.3%, n = 139) reported experiencing PTSS in the prior month. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated statistically significant associations between only some forms of IPV and PTSS, including physical IPV, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.15, 9.14], and injurious IPV, aOR = 2.71, 95% CI [1.10, 6.65]. Additionally, experiencing any form of IPV was associated with 4.95 higher odds of reporting PTSS, 95% CI [1.16, 21.15]; no other results were significant. These results not only underscore the need for future research on the mechanisms that might explain the unique associations between different forms of IPV and posttraumatic stress, but also highlight an urgent need for trauma-informed mental health and psychosocial support interventions for women who use drugs and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Meinhart
- National Coalition of Independent Scholars, Battleboro, Vermont, USA
| | - Malorie Ward
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Qihao Zhan
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Louisa Gilbert
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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Edgemon TG, Clay-Warner J, Kawashima T, Anarfi JK, Okech D. Violence Increases Psychological Distress Among Women Trafficking Survivors in Ghana. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241231780. [PMID: 38332619 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241231780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Human trafficking is a crime that is often shaped by violence, particularly for women who are trafficked. Additionally, trafficking survivors often report severe psychological distress, though research on the causes of this psychological distress is lacking, as there is little longitudinal data available on trafficking survivors. Informed by past literature on the links between violence and mental health among other traumatized groups of women, we investigate how experiences of violence influence posttraumatic stress, depression, and suicide ideation among a unique longitudinal sample of 116 labor-trafficked women in Ghana. We find that experiencing sexual violence while being trafficked is associated with higher levels of both depression and posttraumatic stress years after the trafficking period ended. This indicates both the long-term effects of stress and the enduring nature of psychological distress among the women in this study. Our analytic account of how violent experiences while trafficked impact mental health over the period of reintegration contributes to the general literature on violence and mental health among women, as well as to literature on the health implications of human trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Edgemon
- Department of Sociology, Social Policy, and Criminology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - John K Anarfi
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Okech
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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The impact of posttraumatic stress symptoms on quality of life among battered wives in India amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12894. [PMID: 36644676 PMCID: PMC9829435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Battery against women has alarmingly escalated since the COVID-19 Pandemic, resulting in increase in post-traumatic stress disorder and negatively influenced their quality of life. Purpose The purpose of this research was to find the effect of PTSD on the quality of life among battered wives in Madhya Pradesh, India, during the said plague. Method Two hundred and seventy-seven battered wives, aged 20 years old to 49 years old participated in this study. Purposive sampling method was employed for data collection. The assessment instruments used were the respondents' demographic data, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale-Interview version DSM-5, and World Health Organization Quality of Life. Whereas, for the quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis were used. Furthermore, the demographic details of the participants-age, education, duration of marriage, economic status, types of violence and number of children -severely impacted which added to the posttraumatic stress symptoms among domestically abused women. Results Findings revealed that posttraumatic stress symptoms were a strong predictor of poor quality of life among battered wives (R2 = 0.587; β = 0.766). The study also has found that the demographic details of the participants-age, education, duration of marriage, economic status, types of violence and number of children were significantly related with vulnerability to posttraumatic stress symptoms among battered women. Conclusion Battered women's mental health conditions continued to be a major issue in India, and psychological interventions were strongly recommended.
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Labra-Valerdi P, Chacón-Moscoso S, Sanduvete-Chaves S. Predictive Factors of Mental Health in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Chile. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP19447-NP19467. [PMID: 34715759 PMCID: PMC9679563 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211042810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies about violence against women specific to the Chilean population are scarce. As a result, government treatment programs lack a local perspective. Predictor variables were analyzed in the mental health of Chilean women who have survived intimate partner abuse. Two hundred and two women who made regular visits to public Women's Centers participated in the study; on average, they had survived 11 years of abuse. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine what variable/s in the history of violence best predicted the mental health variables. Among other protective factors, an increase in both resilience and the time since the last violent episode yielded a reduction in levels of general psychological distress (B = -1.836, p < .001 and B = 1.117, p < .001 respectively), post-traumatic stress disorder (B = -1.243, p = .002 and B = 1.221, p < .001 respectively), and depression (B = -1.822, p < .001 and B = 1.433, p < .001 respectively). The study also noted risk factors such as a high level of additional stressors, which in turn led to increased levels of general psychological distress (B = 1.007, p = .005), post-traumatic stress disorder (B = 0.928, p = .013), and depression (B = 1.061, p = .016). The Women's Center is the place where women feel most supported. To improve the effectiveness of treatments at these centers and aid in the recovery of women who have suffered from intimate partner violence, the predictive factors significantly related to mental health should be taken into account. This means prioritizing cases where the last episode of violence was more recent, addressing additional stressors, and promoting resilience.
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Rahme C, Haddad C, Akel M, Khoury C, Obeid H, Obeid S, Hallit S. Factors associated with violence against women in a representative sample of the Lebanese population: results of a cross-sectional study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:63-72. [PMID: 32008070 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the prevalence of violence against women (VAW) and assess factors associated with VAW among a representative sample of the Lebanese population. This cross-sectional study was carried out between September and December 2018. Participants from all Lebanese governorates were enrolled in this study using a proportionate random sample. The percentages of women who were exposed to physical and non-physical abuse were 37.1% and 49.4% respectively. Factors associated with physical abuse were being divorced, having a partner addicted to substances and alcohol, or with a history of threats, violence, assaults, and crimes, higher stressful life experiences, and abuse reported from childhood (physical, sexual, or psychological). Non-physical abuse was associated with abuse reported from childhood (physical, sexual, or psychological), higher stressful life experiences, and the fact that the partner is addicted to substances and alcohol, or has a history of threats. Our results suggest that being divorced, illiterate, and unemployed, having an addicted partner, and having experienced child abuse are all factors that are associated with more violence against women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rahme
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,UMR 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, University Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chloe Khoury
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hala Obeid
- Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Dawson L, Einboden R, McCloughen A, Buus N. Beyond polyphony: Open Dialogue in a Women's Shelter in Australia as a possibility for supporting violence-informed practice. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2021; 47:136-149. [PMID: 32990992 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Open Dialogue is a family/social network-centered psychotherapeutic approach to responding to people in crisis and distress. In 2017, Open Dialogue network meetings were implemented in an Australian inner-city shelter for disadvantaged women. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of participating in these meetings from the perspective of service users and Open Dialogue practitioners. Qualitative interviews were completed with thirteen participants (six service users and seven practitioners) and analyzed thematically. The findings suggested that dialogical processes created safety by attending to multiple voices in nonviolent ways that reduced perceived hierarchies. Notions of expertise were renegotiated, which allowed the women to feel heard in significant ways that were different from their previous experiences with other social and healthcare services. Open Dialogue is an approach that can meaningfully attend to some of the power relations within which women live and within which social and health care services are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dawson
- The Centre for Family-Based Mental Health Care, St. Vincent's Private Hospital
| | - Rochelle Einboden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney
| | - Andrea McCloughen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney
| | - Niels Buus
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney
- St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark
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Tullio V, Lanzarone A, Scalici E, Vella M, Argo A, Zerbo S. Violence against women in heterosexual couples: A review of psychological and medico-legal considerations. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2021; 61:113-124. [PMID: 33591871 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420936081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is the most pervasive violation of women's rights worldwide, causing devastating lifelong damage. Victims can suffer physical, emotional or mental health problems, and experience detrimental effects in social, psychological and relational health with their families, especially children. Due to the complexity regarding violence against women in heterosexual couples, it is important to make a clear distinction between psychological and physical mistreatment, which also includes psychological violence. This differentiation is important in determining different emotional and psychological aspects of mistreatment in order to understand the reasons why some women stay in such relationships and to explain the personality profiles of victims and perpetrators. In this short narrative review, we have combined perspectives of depth psychology and attachment theory from studies on trauma, traumatic bonds and the perpetrator/victim complex in gender violence. We have also considered the growing literature on IPVAW as it relates to the medico-legal field. Our search strategy included intimate partner violence, attachment styles, risk factors and the victim/perpetrator relationship. Distinguishing the different types of IPVAW is a necessary step in understanding the complexity, causes, correlations and consequences of this issue. Above all, it enables the implementation of effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tullio
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Lanzarone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scalici
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Argo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Zerbo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
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