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Gerolamo AM, Delaney KR, Phoenix B, Black P, Rushton A, Stallings J. Psychiatric Nursing Workforce Survey: Results and Implications. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:690-696. [PMID: 36582042 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221146190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The last national survey of psychiatric-mental health (PMH) nurses was conducted in 2016 and was limited to advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Data on the demographic and employment characteristics of the PMH workforce could inform how to optimize the PMH nursing workforce to address increasing demands for mental health services. The objective was to conduct a national survey of PMH registered nurses (RNs) and PMH-APRNs to gather data on their demographic, educational, and practice characteristics. METHODS An email survey was administered between October 2020 and February 2021 to all members of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association and to all PMH-APRNs certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center. Separate surveys included 51 questions (RN) and 52 questions (APRN). Survey questions were informed by several sources including the Minimum Data Set for the Behavioral Health Workforce. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 4,088 PMH-RNs and 5,158 PMH-APRNs, with a combined response rate of 12.1%. Findings suggest that the workforce is aging but has increased slightly in diversity. In all, 62.4% of RNs reported a hospital as their primary employment setting, while the majority of APRNs (70.4%) practice in outpatient settings. Forty-four percent of the PMH-APRN respondents indicated that most of their patients receive federal insurance. CONCLUSIONS Nursing must plan for significant retirements in the PMH workforce in next 5 years. Hospital-based practice continues to dominate PMH-RN roles but might be expanded to community-based settings teaming with PMH-APRNs in outpatient sites. Increasing the diversity of the workforce should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gerolamo
- Angela M. Gerolamo, PhD, CRNP, PMHNP-BC, Jefferson College of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen R Delaney
- Kathleen R. Delaney, PhD, PMHNP-BC, FAAN, Rush College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bethany Phoenix
- Bethany Phoenix, PhD, RN, FAAN, UCSF School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Black
- Patricia Black, PhD, RN, FAAN, APNA, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Amy Rushton
- Amy Rushton, DNP, PMHCNS-BC, HCA Healthcare, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janette Stallings
- Janette Stallings, MA, MSN, APRN, PMHNP-BC, Thrive Mental Health, LLC, Bellevue, NE, USA
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Al Jabri F, Kvist T, Turunen H. Core competencies of healthcare professionals in Oman: Research and evidence-based practice needs attention. Nurs Open 2023; 10:2053-2065. [PMID: 36323624 PMCID: PMC10006615 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to examine (1) the perceptions on core competencies of healthcare professionals working at clinical settings in Oman and (2) which demographic characteristics explain the overall core competency. DESIGN A cross-sectional design. METHODS Healthcare Professional Core Competency Instrument, consisting of 11 sub-scales with 81 items, was distributed to healthcare professionals (n = 1,543; 826 nurses and 717 physicians) who worked at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Altogether 1,078 healthcare professionals (628 nurses and 450 physicians) responded representing 70% overall response rate. Healthcare professionals perceived their overall core competence as excellent, safety being the highest, and research and evidence-based practice was the lowest. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ethnicity, gender and years of working experience were the characters that explained the overall core competence, where expatriate senior professionals reported higher competency levels compared with counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Al Jabri
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Kvist
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannele Turunen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Furst MA, Salinas-Perez JA, Gutiérrez-Colosia MR, Salvador-Carulla L. A new bottom-up method for the standard analysis and comparison of workforce capacity in mental healthcare planning: Demonstration study in the Australian Capital Territory. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255350. [PMID: 34314451 PMCID: PMC8315559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study are to evaluate and describe mental health workforce and capacity, and to describe the relationship between workforce capacity and patterns of care in local areas. We conducted a comparative demonstration study of the applicability of an internationally validated standardised service classification instrument—the Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories—DESDE-LTC) using the emerging mental health ecosystems research (MHESR) approach. Using DESDE-LTC as the framework, and drawing from international occupation classifications, the workforce was classified according to characteristics including the type of care provided and professional background. Our reference area was the Australian Capital Territory, which we compared with two other urban districts in Australia (Sydney and South East Sydney) and three benchmark international health districts (Helsinki-Uusima (Finland), Verona (Italy) and Gipuzkoa (Spain)). We also compared our data with national level data where available. The Australian and Finnish regions had a larger and more highly skilled workforce than the southern European regions. The pattern of workforce availability and profile varied, even within the same country, at the local level. We found significant differences between regional rates of identified rates of psychiatrists and psychologists, and national averages. Using a standardised classification instrument at the local level, and our occupational groupings, we were able to assess the available workforce and provide information relevant to planners about the actual capacity of the system. Data obtained at local level is critical to providing planners with reliable data to inform their decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anne Furst
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Luis Salvador-Carulla
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Delaney KR. Nurse fellowships: An advance for population-based mental health care. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:330-336. [PMID: 33032754 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Delaney
- Rush College of Nursing, 600 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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Assessing an Epidemic: Utility of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Level 2 Substance Use Screener in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients. J Addict Nurs 2020; 31:9-16. [PMID: 32132419 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inpatient psychiatric hospitals provide an important point of care for assessing and stabilizing substance use and for facilitating linkage to appropriate treatment. Toxicology screening provides a key measure of substance use yet may miss many cases of substance use because of variable windows of detection and the limited scope of substances assessed. This study assesses the utility of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Level 2 Substance Use screener as a supplemental tool for identifying substance use by self-report within an inpatient psychiatric hospital setting. METHODS From a larger sample of 97 adult psychiatric inpatients, 60 who underwent drug toxicology testing and completed the DSM-5 screener were assessed. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of the self-report screener in comparison with drug toxicology test results collected by chart review. RESULTS Sensitivity of the DSM-5 screener varied across substances assessed: The self-report measure identified 100% of individuals who tested positive for opioid use, 83% who tested positive for cannabis use, 50% who tested positive for cocaine use, and 37% who tested positive for benzodiazepine use. The self-report measure also identified 27 instances among 60 participants in which substance use identified by self-report was not detected by toxicology testing. CONCLUSION The brief and easily administered DSM-5 Level 2 Substance Use screener shows promise for improving identification of substance use in an inpatient psychiatric hospital setting. This measure may also provide psychiatric inpatient nursing staff with a means of working collaboratively with patients to assess substance use and coordinate appropriate treatment plans.
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Happell B, Platania-Phung C, Scholz B, Bocking J, Horgan A, Manning F, Doody R, Hals E, Granerud A, Lahti M, Pullo J, Vatula A, Koski J, van der Vaart KJ, Allon J, Griffin M, Russell S, MacGabhann L, Bjornsson E, Biering P. Changing attitudes: The impact of Expert by Experience involvement in Mental Health Nursing Education: An international survey study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2019; 28:480-491. [PMID: 30390371 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reform to nursing education is essential to ensure future generations of nurses are strongly positioned to value, know, and deliver strength-based, recovery-oriented mental health practice. A promising pathway to effectively drive reform is the coproduction of curricula by nursing academics and people with lived experience of recovery from mental distress referred to as Experts by Experience. The Co-production in Mental Health Nursing Education (COMMUNE) project is an international collaboration for development and implementation of consumer coproduced curricula. This study evaluated the inclusion of Expert by Experience-led mental health nursing education on nursing students' attitudes to people labelled with mental illness, mental health nursing, and consumer participation. A repeated self-report measures design was implemented in Australia, Ireland, and Finland to ascertain level of generalizability of consumer involvement within undergraduate nursing programmes. Data were collected from nursing students (n = 194) immediately before and after the education module, using three self-report instruments on attitudes (Mental Health Nurse Education Survey, Consumer Participation Questionnaire, and Opening Minds Scale). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Eighty-nine per cent of the 27 points of change reflected more favourable and accepting attitudinal change. Of these, 41% were significant at Bonferroni adjusted alpha of 0.0025. There was a statistically significant increase in preparedness for practice in the mental health field in each of the three countries. The most pronounced change is related to the social and systemic inclusion of people with a diagnostic label and recovery-oriented care more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Happell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Platania-Phung
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Scholz
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Woden, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Julia Bocking
- Synergy, Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, University of Canberra, Faculty of Health, and ACT Health, Building 6, Level 3, Canberra Hospital, Woden Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Aine Horgan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Manning
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory Doody
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Hals
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hedmark, Norway
| | - Arild Granerud
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hedmark, Norway
| | - Mari Lahti
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Pullo
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annaliina Vatula
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Koski
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing Science, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jerry Allon
- Institute for Nursing Studies, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martha Griffin
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Russell
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam MacGabhann
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Einar Bjornsson
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall Biering
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define and describe the current psychiatric mental health registered nursing (PMHN) workforce providing care for persons with mental health and substance use conditions, evaluate sources of data relevant to this workforce, identify additional data needs, and discuss areas for action and further investigation. METHOD This article uses currently available data, much of it unpublished, to describe the current PMHN workforce. RESULTS The available data indicate that PMHNs represent the second largest group of behavioral health professionals in the United States. As is true of the overall nursing workforce, PMHNs are aging, overwhelming female, and largely Caucasian, although the PMHN workforce is becoming more diverse as younger nurses enter the field. PMHNs are largely employed in the mental health specialty sector, and specifically in institutional settings. Similar to other behavioral health professionals, a significant shortage of PMHNs exists in rural areas. Because of data limitations and difficulty accessing the best available data on the PMHN workforce, it is often overlooked or mischaracterized in published research and government reports on the behavioral health workforce. CONCLUSIONS Although PMHNs are one of the largest groups in the behavioral health workforce, they are largely invisible in the psychiatric literature. Psychiatric nursing must correct misperceptions about the significance of the PMHN workforce and increase awareness of its importance among government agencies, large health care organizations, and within the broader nursing profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Phoenix
- 1 Bethany J. Phoenix, PhD, RN, FAAN, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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Delaney KR, Naegle MA, Valentine NM, Antai-Otong D, Groh CJ, Brennaman L. The Effective Use of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses in Integrated Care: Policy Implications for Increasing Quality and Access to Care. J Behav Health Serv Res 2017; 45:300-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s11414-017-9555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Delaney KR. The child mental health system is faltering: Why is nursing not providing solutions? JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2017; 30:70-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND No data exist about how directors of psychiatric mental health (PMH) graduate nurse practitioner (NP) programs have dealt with moving their programs to a lifespan model. It is equally unclear as to how many programs have changed to a doctor of nursing practice (DNP) level of clinical education. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this survey was to gather data on the state of graduate PMH NP education as they align with regulatory models. DESIGN A brief survey was sent via e-mail to 118 program directors of PMH NP programs. RESULTS Seventy-six program directors responded (64% return rate). Their responses indicate all programs have transitioned to a PMH NP lifespan model and about a third to the DNP level. Securing child clinical placements is a significant issue. CONCLUSION Significant challenges exist to growing the PMH NP lifespan workforce including how to assist PMH clinical nurse specialists, Adult PMH NPs, and other NPs wanting to obtain the PMH NP lifespan degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Vanderhoef
- 1 Dawn M. Vanderhoef, PhD, DNP, PMHNP-BC, FAANP, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathleen R Delaney
- 2 Kathleen R Delaney, PhD, PMH-NP, FAAN, Rush College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
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Delaney KR, Naegle M, Flinter M, Pulcini J, Hauenstein EJ. Critical workforce issues for registered and advanced practice nurses in integrated care models. Nurs Outlook 2016; 64:607-609. [PMID: 29673461 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Pearson GS. Who Takes Care of the Nurses? J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2016; 22:183-184. [PMID: 30871398 DOI: 10.1177/1078390316646074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine S Pearson
- 1 Geraldine S. Pearson, PhD, PMH-CNS, FAAN, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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