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Kurbatfinski S, Woo J, Ntanda H, Giesbrecht G, Letourneau N. Perinatal Predictors and Mediators of Attachment Patterns in Preschool Children: Exploration of Children's Contributions in Interactions with Mothers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1022. [PMID: 39201958 PMCID: PMC11352242 DOI: 10.3390/children11081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Insecure and disorganized attachment patterns in children are linked to poor health outcomes over the lifespan. Attachment patterns may be predicted by variables that influence the quality of children's interactions with their primary caregivers/parents (usually mothers) such as prenatal and postnatal exposures and the children's own behaviours in interactions. The purposes of this exploratory study were to examine: (1) prenatal predictors of children's attachment patterns, and (2) postnatal mediators and moderators of associations between prenatal predictors and children's attachment patterns, with adjustment for relevant covariates. Mother-child dyads (n = 214) from the longitudinal Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort were studied using valid and reliable measures. Hayes' mediation analysis was employed to determine direct and indirect effects. Mothers' prenatal cortisol levels directly predicted disorganized (versus organized) child attachment in unadjusted models. Children's passivity (in adjusted models) and compulsivity (in unadjusted and adjusted models) in parent-child interactions mediated the pathway between mothers' prenatal cortisol levels and children's disorganized attachment patterns. Serial mediation analyses revealed that mothers' cortisol levels predicted their children's cortisol levels, which predicted children's compulsivity, and, ultimately, disorganized attachment in both unadjusted and adjusted models. No predictors were correlated with children's insecure (versus secure) attachment. This exploratory research suggests that prenatal exposure to mothers' cortisol levels and children's behavioural contributions to parent-child interaction quality should be considered in the genesis of children's attachment patterns, especially disorganization. Interventions focused on parent-child interactions could also focus on addressing children's behavioral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kurbatfinski
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (G.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK S7N 0W8, Canada;
| | - Henry Ntanda
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Gerald Giesbrecht
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (S.K.); (G.G.)
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Owerko Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Cumming School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Zhang W, Pan Z, Zhu Y, Lv D, Zhang H, Li S, Liu C, Xiong X, Li Q, Yao G, Yang S, Song R, Yan S, Wang D, Li M, Liu H. Illness uncertainty, resilience, and perceived social support among patients with moyamoya disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1405594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2024] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study aims to investigate the levels of illness uncertainty in patients with moyamoya disease and to determine the association of socio-demographic characteristics, perceived social support and resilience with illness uncertainty in patients with moyamoya disease.MethodA cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted in two hospitals in China from August to December 2023. A socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Chinese versions of Mishel’s Unsurety in Disease Scale (MUIS), the Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Chinese version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to perform this research. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 statistical software. The t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to identify associated factors.ResultA total of 263 patients with moyamoya disease were recruited in this survey. The score of illness uncertainty was at a moderate level of (100.03 ± 18.59). The present study identified a negative correlation between illness uncertainty with resilience perceived social support. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that gender, occupation, education level, resilience and perceived social support were the related factors of illness uncertainty.ConclusionPatients with moyamoya disease experienced moderate disease uncertainty on average, which was related to gender, occupation, education level, resilience and perceived social support. Future research is needed to better explore the complex relationships between illness uncertainty, resilience, and perceived social support with different types of moyamoya disease using longitudinal research.
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