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Jones BA, Cahill L, McDermott DT. Assessing Attitudes Toward Trans and Gender Diverse People: Adapting the 'Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs' Scale. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:2533-2544. [PMID: 37561420 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2245524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to update the gender-based terminology of a measure used to assess attitudes toward trans and gender diverse people (the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale; TABS) in order to reflect appropriate and inclusive language standards and conventions while maintaining the psychometric integrity of the tool. The updated TABS was administered to 247 heterosexual, cisgender adults in the UK. Participants also completed the original TABS as well as measure of self-esteem and social desirability to test construct validity. We demonstrate that after updating the language of the TABS to reflect best-practice, the psychometric properties of the TABS were unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Jones
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Liam Cahill
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daragh T McDermott
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Pavlova A, Paine SJ, Sinclair S, O'Callaghan A, Consedine NS. Working in value-discrepant environments inhibits clinicians' ability to provide compassion and reduces well-being: A cross-sectional study. J Intern Med 2023; 293:704-723. [PMID: 36843313 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of compassion in healthcare leads to better patient and clinician outcomes. However, compassion in healthcare is increasingly lacking, and the rates of professional burnout are high. Most research to date has focused on individual-level predictors of compassion and burnout. Little is known regarding how organizational factors might impact clinicians' ability to express compassion and well-being. The main study objective was to describe the association between personal and organizational value discrepancies and compassion ability, burnout, job satisfaction, absenteeism and consideration of early retirement among healthcare professionals. METHODS More than 1000 practising healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and allied health professionals) were recruited in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The study was conducted via an online cross-sectional survey and was preregistered on AsPredicted (75407). The main outcome measures were compassionate ability and competence, burnout, job satisfaction and measures of absenteeism and consideration of early retirement. RESULTS Perceived discrepancies between personal and organizational values predicted lower compassion ability (B = -0.006, 95% CI [-0.01, -0.00], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.05) but not competence (p = 0.24), lower job satisfaction (B = -0.20, 95% CI [-0.23, -0.17], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.14), higher burnout (B = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.06), absenteeism (B = 0.004, 95% CI [0.00, 0.01], p = 0.01 and f 2 = 0.01) and greater consideration of early retirement (B = 0.02, 95% CI [0.00, 0.03], p = 0.04 and f 2 = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Working in value-discrepant environments predicts a range of poorer outcomes among healthcare professionals, including hindering the ability to be compassionate. Scalable organizational and systems-level interventions that address operational processes and practices that lead to the experience of value discrepancies are recommended to improve clinician performance and well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Pavlova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah-Jane Paine
- Te Kupenga Hauora Maori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shane Sinclair
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Compassion Research Lab, Calgary, Canada.,Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anne O'Callaghan
- Hospital Palliative Care Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tan HC, Ho JA, Kumarusamy R, Sambasivan M. Measuring social desirability bias: Do the full and short versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale matter? J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2021; 17:382-400. [PMID: 34612754 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211046091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the sensitive nature of ethics research, the presence of social desirability bias (SDB) threatens the validity of research findings. As ethics studies often overlook this bias, we aimed to provide evidence that SDB varies across individual and situational factors. We thus investigated the influence of socio-demographic factors and survey modes on SDB. A total of 348 working adults were randomly chosen to participate in either an on-line or off-line survey containing eight versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability (MCSD) scale. The reliabilities for the eight versions ranged from 0.35 to 0.81. Statistical tests revealed that different socio-demographic factors influence different versions of the MCSD scale. The results also showed that using on-line surveys minimizes SDB. This study provides practical implications and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houng Chien Tan
- Faculty of Accountancy, Finance and Business, 61777Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jo Ann Ho
- School of Business and Economics, 37449Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Aizpitarte A, Alonso-Arbiol I, Van de Vijver FJR. An Explanatory Model of Dating Violence Risk Factors in Spanish Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:797-809. [PMID: 29152871 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dating violence is a serious public health issue that needs further understanding in terms of risk factors that may be involved in it. The main goal of this study was to test a mediational model of dating violence risk factors. The sample was composed of 477 secondary and college students from Spain (59% females). A dynamic developmental explanatory model considering aggressiveness, insecure attachment, interparental conflict, and peer dating violence was tested using a multigroup structural equation model. Aggressiveness partially mediated the relation between anxious attachment and dating violence and fully mediated the association between interparental conflict resolution and dating violence. Furthermore, perceived peer dating violence was a direct predictor of dating violence. Implications for prevention and intervention plans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alazne Aizpitarte
- University of California, Davis
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
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Bhalla A, Durham RL, Al-Tabaa N, Yeager C. The development and initial psychometric validation of the eHealth readiness scale. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Densten I. What is happening just below the CEO? LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-03-2015-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Densten
- School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Hulme PA, Middleton MR. Psychosocial and developmental characteristics of civilly committed sex offenders. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2013; 34:141-9. [PMID: 23477434 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2012.732193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A convenience sample of 38 civilly committed sex offenders completed questionnaires on selected psychosocial and developmental characteristics. More than half (61%) demonstrated an external locus of control. They had higher levels of empathy compared to normative data for the general population, and their levels of anger, aggression, and hostility were similar to male college students. Somatization was comparable to psychiatric outpatients. A high proportion reported at least one form of childhood trauma (87%), with 66% reporting childhood sexual abuse. Issues related to the use of self-report instruments with this patient population are discussed and recommendations for future studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly A Hulme
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Nursing, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5330, USA.
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Domes G, Hollerbach P, Vohs K, Mokros A, Habermeyer E. Emotional empathy and psychopathy in offenders: an experimental study. J Pers Disord 2013; 27:67-84. [PMID: 23342958 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2013.27.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies associated psychopathy in adults with deficits in empathy but these studies did not directly compare cognitive and emotional facets of empathy. The present study sought to establish whether psychopathy is associated with impairments in emotional empathy among adult offenders. Participants were 90 male offenders scoring low (n = 29), medium (n = 33) or high (n = 28) on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and n = 28 male noncriminal controls. Empathy functioning was assessed through self-report and computerized decision tasks, differentiating between perspective-taking (cognitive empathy) and compassion (emotional empathy). Against expectations, level of psychopathy among the offenders was not associated with either emotional or cognitive empathy. Offenders however had lower scores for both cognitive and emotional components of empathy functioning than controls. Both facets of empathy showed small but significant positive correlations with education level and social desirability. The methods employed to assess differences in empathy functioning may not be sensitive enough to assess differences in forensic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Domes
- University of Freiburg, Germany (G. D., P. H.); and Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich,Switzerland.
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Vu A, Pham K, Tran N, Ahmed S. The Influence of Social Desirability on Self-Reported Sexual Behavior in HIV Survey in Rural Ethiopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wja.2013.34044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rigoni D, Kühn S, Gaudino G, Sartori G, Brass M. Reducing self-control by weakening belief in free will. Conscious Cogn 2012; 21:1482-90. [PMID: 22579497 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Believing in free will may arise from a biological need for control. People induced to disbelieve in free will show impulsive and antisocial tendencies, suggesting a reduction of the willingness to exert self-control. We investigated whether undermining free will affects two aspects of self-control: intentional inhibition and perceived self-control. We exposed participants either to anti-free will or to neutral messages. The two groups (no-free will and control) then performed a task that required self-control to inhibit a prepotent response. No-free will participants showed less intentional inhibitions than controls, suggesting a reduction of self-control. We assessed perceived self-control by asking participants whether the response resulted from a deliberate intention or from an impulsive reaction. Perceived self-control was lower in the no-free will group than in control group. Our findings show that undermining free will can degrade self-control and provide insights into how disbelieving in free will leads to antisocial tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rigoni
- LNC, University of Provence, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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An examination of the factorial dimensionality of the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vu A, Tran N, Pham K, Ahmed S. Reliability of the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, and Uganda. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011; 11:162. [PMID: 22136357 PMCID: PMC3259072 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of HIV often use self-reported surveys to measure sexual knowledge, attitudes, and practices. However, the self-reported data are vulnerable to social desirability (SD), a propensity of individuals to report favorable responses. The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) was developed as a measure of the effect of social desirability, but it has not been adapted for or used in Africa. This study aimed to apply the MC-SDS nested in an HIV behavioral intervention program and to measure its reliability in four African countries. METHODS The MC-SDS was adapted based on consultations with local stakeholders and pilot tested in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, and Uganda. Trained interviewers administered the modified 28-item MC-SDS survey to 455 men and women (ages 15-24 years). The scores for the social desirability scales were calculated for all participants. An analysis of the internal consistency of responses was conducted using the Cronbach's α coefficient. Acceptable internal consistency was defined as an α coefficient of ≥ 0.70. RESULTS Mean social desirability scores ranged from a low of 15.7 in Kenya to a high of 20.6 in Mozambique. The mean score was 17.5 for Uganda and 20.6 for Mozambique. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.63 in Kenya, 0.66 in Mozambique, 0.70 in Uganda, and 0.80 in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS The MC-SDS can be effectively adapted and implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. The reliability of responses in these settings suggest that the MC-SDS could be a useful tool for capturing potential SD in surveys of HIV related risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vu
- International Emergency and Public Health Fellowship Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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Thijssen J, de Ruiter C. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Initial Validation of the Caregiver Wish List for Parenting Practices. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2011; 20:541. [PMID: 21841902 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-011-9486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Thijssen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Rigoni D, Kühn S, Sartori G, Brass M. Inducing disbelief in free will alters brain correlates of preconscious motor preparation: the brain minds whether we believe in free will or not. Psychol Sci 2011; 22:613-8. [PMID: 21515737 DOI: 10.1177/0956797611405680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeling of being in control of one's own actions is a strong subjective experience. However, discoveries in psychology and neuroscience challenge the validity of this experience and suggest that free will is just an illusion. This raises a question: What would happen if people started to disbelieve in free will? Previous research has shown that low control beliefs affect performance and motivation. Recently, it has been shown that undermining free-will beliefs influences social behavior. In the study reported here, we investigated whether undermining beliefs in free will affects brain correlates of voluntary motor preparation. Our results showed that the readiness potential was reduced in individuals induced to disbelieve in free will. This effect was evident more than 1 s before participants consciously decided to move, a finding that suggests that the manipulation influenced intentional actions at preconscious stages. Our findings indicate that abstract belief systems might have a much more fundamental effect than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rigoni
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Gent, Padova, Italy.
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Leite WL, Cooper LA. Detecting Social Desirability Bias Using Factor Mixture Models. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2010; 45:271-293. [PMID: 26760286 DOI: 10.1080/00273171003680245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the conceptualization that social desirable bias (SDB) is a discrete event resulting from an interaction between a scale's items, the testing situation, and the respondent's latent trait on a social desirability factor, we present a method that makes use of factor mixture models to identify which examinees are most likely to provide biased responses, which items elicit the most socially desirable responses, and which external variables predict SDB. Problems associated with the common use of correlation coefficients based on scales' total scores to diagnose SDB and partial correlations to correct for SDB are discussed. The method is demonstrated with an analysis of SDB in the Attitude toward Interprofessional Service-Learning scale with a sample of students from health-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Leite
- a Research and Evaluation Methodology Program , College of Education, University of Florida
| | - Lou Ann Cooper
- b Office of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Florida
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