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Sibbons CM, Irvine NA, Pérez-Mojica JE, Calder PC, Lillycrop KA, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Involving Δ8 Desaturation and Differential DNA Methylation of FADS2 Regulates Proliferation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:432. [PMID: 29556240 PMCID: PMC5844933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important for immune function. Limited evidence indicates that immune cell activation involves endogenous PUFA synthesis, but this has not been characterised. To address this, we measured metabolism of 18:3n-3 in quiescent and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and in Jurkat T cell leukaemia. PBMCs from men and women (n = 34) were incubated with [1-13C]18:3n-3 with or without Concanavalin A (Con. A). 18:3n-3 conversion was undetectable in unstimulated PBMCs, but up-regulated when stimulated. The main products were 20:3n-3 and 20:4n-3, while 18:4n-3 was undetectable, suggesting initial elongation and Δ8 desaturation. PUFA synthesis was 17.4-fold greater in Jurkat cells than PBMCs. The major products of 18:3n-3 conversion in Jurkat cells were 20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. 13C Enrichment of 18:4n-3 and 20:3n-3 suggests parallel initial elongation and Δ6 desaturation. The FADS2 inhibitor SC26196 reduced PBMC, but not Jurkat cell, proliferation suggesting PUFA synthesis is involved in regulating mitosis in PBMCs. Con. A stimulation increased FADS2, FADS1, ELOVL5 and ELOVL4 mRNA expression in PBMCs. A single transcript corresponding to the major isoform of FADS2, FADS20001, was detected in PBMCs and Jurkat cells. PBMC activation induced hypermethylation of a 470bp region in the FADS2 5'-regulatory sequence. This region was hypomethylated in Jurkat cells compared to quiescent PBMCs. These findings show that PUFA synthesis involving initial elongation and Δ8 desaturation is involved in regulating PBMC proliferation and is regulated via transcription possibly by altered DNA methylation. These processes were dysregulated in Jurkat cells. This has implications for understanding the regulation of mitosis in normal and transformed lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene M Sibbons
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A Irvine
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - J Eduardo Pérez-Mojica
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C Burdge
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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Miyahisa I, Suzuki H, Mizukami A, Tanaka Y, Ono M, Hixon MS, Matsui J. T-3364366 Targets the Desaturase Domain of Delta-5 Desaturase with Nanomolar Potency and a Multihour Residence Time. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:868-72. [PMID: 27660693 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) catalyzes the conversion from dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DGLA) to arachidonic acid (AA). DGLA and AA are common precursors of anti- and pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, respectively, making D5D an attractive drug target for inflammatory-related diseases. Despite several reports on D5D inhibitors, their biochemical mechanisms of action (MOAs) remain poorly understood, primarily due to the difficulty in performing quantitative enzymatic analysis. Herein, we report a radioligand binding assay to overcome this challenge and characterized T-3364366, a thienopyrimidinone D5D inhibitor, by use of the assay. T-3364366 is a reversible, slow-binding inhibitor with a dissociation half-life in excess of 2.0 h. The long residence time was confirmed in cellular washout assays. Domain swapping experiments between D5D and D6D support [(3)H]T-3364366 binding to the desaturase domain of D5D. The present study is the first to demonstrate biochemical MOA of desaturase inhibitors, providing important insight into drug discovery of desaturase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Miyahisa
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizukami
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiya Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Midori Ono
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mark S. Hixon
- Takeda California Inc., 10410
Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Junji Matsui
- Pharmaceutical
Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi
2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Fucoxanthin Enhances Chain Elongation and Desaturation of Alpha-Linolenic Acid in HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2015; 50:945-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Discovery of potent and liver-targeted stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibitors in a bispyrrolidine series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:980-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Discovery of potent and liver-selective stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) inhibitors in an acyclic linker series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:623-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nicotinic acids: Liver-targeted SCD inhibitors with preclinical anti-diabetic efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7281-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Leclerc JP, Falgueyret JP, Girardin M, Guay J, Guiral S, Huang Z, Li CS, Oballa R, Ramtohul YK, Skorey K, Tawa P, Wang H, Zhang L. Conversion of systemically-distributed triazole-based stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) uHTS hits into liver-targeted SCD inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6505-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ramtohul YK, Powell D, Leclerc JP, Leger S, Oballa R, Black C, Isabel E, Li CS, Crane S, Robichaud J, Guay J, Guiral S, Zhang L, Huang Z. Bicyclic heteroaryl inhibitors of stearoyl-CoA desaturase: From systemic to liver-targeting inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5692-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Oballa RM, Belair L, Black WC, Bleasby K, Chan CC, Desroches C, Du X, Gordon R, Guay J, Guiral S, Hafey MJ, Hamelin E, Huang Z, Kennedy B, Lachance N, Landry F, Li CS, Mancini J, Normandin D, Pocai A, Powell DA, Ramtohul YK, Skorey K, Sørensen D, Sturkenboom W, Styhler A, Waddleton DM, Wang H, Wong S, Xu L, Zhang L. Development of a Liver-Targeted Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Inhibitor (MK-8245) to Establish a Therapeutic Window for the Treatment of Diabetes and Dyslipidemia. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5082-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200319u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Isabel E, Powell DA, Black WC, Chan CC, Crane S, Gordon R, Guay J, Guiral S, Huang Z, Robichaud J, Skorey K, Tawa P, Xu L, Zhang L, Oballa R. Biological activity and preclinical efficacy of azetidinyl pyridazines as potent systemically-distributed stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:479-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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2-Aryl benzimidazoles: Human SCD1-specific stearoyl coenzyme-A desaturase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6366-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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SAR and optimization of thiazole analogs as potent stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1593-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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