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Tilliole P, Fix S, Godin JD. hnRNPs: roles in neurodevelopment and implication for brain disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1411639. [PMID: 39086926 PMCID: PMC11288931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1411639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) constitute a family of multifunctional RNA-binding proteins able to process nuclear pre-mRNAs into mature mRNAs and regulate gene expression in multiple ways. They comprise at least 20 different members in mammals, named from A (HNRNP A1) to U (HNRNP U). Many of these proteins are components of the spliceosome complex and can modulate alternative splicing in a tissue-specific manner. Notably, while genes encoding hnRNPs exhibit ubiquitous expression, increasing evidence associate these proteins to various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or dementias, highlighting their crucial role in the central nervous system. This review explores the evolution of the hnRNPs family, highlighting the emergence of numerous new members within this family, and sheds light on their implications for brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tilliole
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simon Fix
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette D. Godin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Hu Y, Chen W, Wei C, Jiang S, Li S, Wang X, Xu R. Pathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1036-1044. [PMID: 37862206 PMCID: PMC10749610 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis refers to a neurodegenerative disease involving the motor system, the cause of which remains unexplained despite several years of research. Thus, the journey to understanding or treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is still a long one. According to current research, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely not due to a single factor but rather to a combination of mechanisms mediated by complex interactions between molecular and genetic pathways. The progression of the disease involves multiple cellular processes and the interaction between different complex mechanisms makes it difficult to identify the causative factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we review the most common amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated pathogenic genes and the pathways involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as summarize currently proposed potential mechanisms responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease and their evidence for involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, we discuss current emerging strategies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Studying the emergence of these new therapies may help to further our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Caihui Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shishi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College; The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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3
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Li Q, Kang C. Targeting RNA-binding proteins with small molecules: Perspectives, pitfalls and bifunctional molecules. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2031-2047. [PMID: 37519019 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play vital roles in organisms through binding with RNAs to regulate their functions. Small molecules affecting the function of RBPs have been developed, providing new avenues for drug discovery. Herein, we describe the perspectives on developing small molecule regulators of RBPs. The following types of small molecule modulators are of great interest in drug discovery: small molecules binding to RBPs to affect interactions with RNA molecules, bifunctional molecules binding to RNA or RBP to influence their interactions, and other types of molecules that affect the stability of RNA or RBPs. Moreover, we emphasize that the bifunctional molecules may play important roles in small molecule development to overcome the challenges encountered in the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Barbieri A, Rossi L, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Chirumbolo S, Marchesi N, Pascale A. RNA binding proteins in senescence: A potential common linker for age-related diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101958. [PMID: 37211318 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for the onset and/or progression of various disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and bone-related defects. As the average age of the population is predicted to exponentially increase in the coming years, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of aging-related diseases and the discovery of new therapeutic approaches remain pivotal. Well-reported hallmarks of aging are cellular senescence, genome instability, autophagy impairment, mitochondria dysfunction, dysbiosis, telomere attrition, metabolic dysregulation, epigenetic alterations, low-grade chronic inflammation, stem cell exhaustion, altered cell-to-cell communication and impaired proteostasis. With few exceptions, however, many of the molecular players implicated within these processes as well as their role in disease development remain largely unknown. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are known to regulate gene expression by dictating at post-transcriptional level the fate of nascent transcripts. Their activity ranges from directing primary mRNA maturation and trafficking to modulation of transcript stability and/or translation. Accumulating evidence has shown that RBPs are emerging as key regulators of aging and aging-related diseases, with the potential to become new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent or delay aging processes. In this review, we summarize the role of RBPs in promoting cellular senescence and we highlight their dysregulation in the pathogenesis and progression of the main aging-related diseases, with the aim of encouraging further investigations that will help to better disclose this novel and captivating molecular scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Annalisa Barbieri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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5
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Molecular Pathways Involved in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with TDP-43 Proteinopathy: What Can We Learn from Proteomics? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910298. [PMID: 34638637 PMCID: PMC8508653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by behavioral, language, and motor symptoms, with major impact on the lives of patients and their families. TDP-43 proteinopathy is the underlying neuropathological substrate in the majority of cases, referred to as FTLD-TDP. Several genetic causes have been identified, which have revealed some components of its pathophysiology. However, the exact mechanisms driving FTLD-TDP remain largely unknown, forestalling the development of therapies. Proteomic approaches, in particular high-throughput mass spectrometry, hold promise to help elucidate the pathogenic molecular and cellular alterations. In this review, we describe the main findings of the proteomic profiling studies performed on human FTLD-TDP brain tissue. Subsequently, we address the major biological pathways implicated in FTLD-TDP, by reviewing these data together with knowledge derived from genomic and transcriptomic literature. We illustrate that an integrated perspective, encompassing both proteomic, genetic, and transcriptomic discoveries, is vital to unravel core disease processes, and to enable the identification of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this devastating disorder.
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6
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Chandra PK, Cikic S, Baddoo MC, Rutkai I, Guidry JJ, Flemington EK, Katakam PV, Busija DW. Transcriptome analysis reveals sexual disparities in gene expression in rat brain microvessels. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2311-2328. [PMID: 33715494 PMCID: PMC8392780 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21999553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sex is an important determinant of brain microvessels (MVs) function and susceptibility to cerebrovascular and neurological diseases, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using high throughput RNA sequencing analysis, we examined differentially expressed (DE) genes in brain MVs from young, male, and female rats. Bioinformatics analysis of the 23,786 identified genes indicates that 298 (1.2%) genes were DE using False Discovery Rate criteria (FDR; p < 0.05), of which 119 (40%) and 179 (60%) genes were abundantly expressed in male and female MVs, respectively. Nucleic acid binding, enzyme modulator, and transcription factor were the top three DE genes, which were more highly expressed in male than female MVs. Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins, steroid and cholesterol synthesis, were the top three significantly enriched canonical pathways in male MVs. In contrast, respiratory chain, ribosome, and 3 ́-UTR-mediated translational regulation were the top three enriched canonical pathways in female MVs. Different gene functions of MVs were validated by proteomic analysis and western blotting. Our novel findings reveal major sex disparities in gene expression and canonical pathways of MVs and these differences provide a foundation to study the underlying mechanisms and consequences of sex-dependent differences in cerebrovascular and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sinisa Cikic
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melody C Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad Vg Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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7
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Cha IJ, Lee D, Park SS, Chung CG, Kim SY, Jo MG, Kim SY, Lee BH, Lee YS, Lee SB. Ataxin-2 Dysregulation Triggers a Compensatory Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Decrease in Drosophila C4da Neurons. Mol Cells 2020; 43:870-879. [PMID: 33115979 PMCID: PMC7604024 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites require precise and timely delivery of protein substrates to distal areas to ensure the correct morphology and function of neurons. Many of these protein substrates are supplied in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and mRNAs, which are subsequently translated in distal dendritic areas. It remains elusive, however, whether key RBPs supply mRNA according to local demands individually or in a coordinated manner. In this study, we investigated how Drosophila sensory neurons respond to the dysregulation of a disease-associated RBP, Ataxin-2 (ATX2), which leads to dendritic defects. We found that ATX2 plays a crucial role in spacing dendritic branches for the optimal dendritic receptive fields in Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) neurons, where both expression level and subcellular location of ATX2 contribute significantly to this effect. We showed that translational upregulation through the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) further enhanced the ATX2-induced dendritic phenotypes. Additionally, we found that the expression level of another disease-associated RBP, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), decreased in both cell bodies and dendrites when neurons were faced with aberrant upregulation of ATX2. Finally, we revealed that the PAM2 motif of ATX2, which mediates its interaction with poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), is potentially necessary for the decrease of FMRP in certain neuronal stress conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that dysregulation of RBPs triggers a compensatory regulation of other functionally-overlapping RBPs to minimize RBP dysregulation-associated aberrations that hinder neuronal homeostasis in dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jun Cha
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Park
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
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Agnihotri A, Aruoma OI. Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease: A Nutritional Toxicology Perspective of the Impact of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Nutrigenomics and Environmental Chemicals. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:16-27. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1683379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Okezie I. Aruoma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural and Social Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Prasad A, Bharathi V, Sivalingam V, Girdhar A, Patel BK. Molecular Mechanisms of TDP-43 Misfolding and Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30837838 PMCID: PMC6382748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a versatile RNA/DNA binding protein involved in RNA-related metabolism. Hyper-phosphorylated and ubiquitinated TDP-43 deposits act as inclusion bodies in the brain and spinal cord of patients with the motor neuron diseases: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). While the majority of ALS cases (90-95%) are sporadic (sALS), among familial ALS cases 5-10% involve the inheritance of mutations in the TARDBP gene and the remaining (90-95%) are due to mutations in other genes such as: C9ORF72, SOD1, FUS, and NEK1 etc. Strikingly however, the majority of sporadic ALS patients (up to 97%) also contain the TDP-43 protein deposited in the neuronal inclusions, which suggests of its pivotal role in the ALS pathology. Thus, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the TDP-43 pathology seems central to the ALS therapeutics, hence, we comprehensively review the current understanding of the TDP-43's pathology in ALS. We discuss the roles of TDP-43's mutations, its cytoplasmic mis-localization and aberrant post-translational modifications in ALS. Also, we evaluate TDP-43's amyloid-like in vitro aggregation, its physiological vs. pathological oligomerization in vivo, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and potential prion-like propagation propensity of the TDP-43 inclusions. Finally, we describe the various evolving TDP-43-induced toxicity mechanisms, such as the impairment of endocytosis and mitotoxicity etc. and also discuss the emerging strategies toward TDP-43 disaggregation and ALS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Basant K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, India
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10
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Neubacher S, Hennig S. RNA Structure and Cellular Applications of Fluorescent Light-Up Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1266-1279. [PMID: 30102012 PMCID: PMC6391945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cellular functions of RNA are not limited to their role as blueprints for protein synthesis. In particular, noncoding RNA, such as, snRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, play important roles. With increasing numbers of RNAs being identified, it is well known that the transcriptome outnumbers the proteome by far. This emphasizes the great importance of functional RNA characterization and the need to further develop tools for these investigations, many of which are still in their infancy. Fluorescent light-up aptamers (FLAPs) are RNA sequences that can bind nontoxic, cell-permeable small-molecule fluorogens and enhance their fluorescence over many orders of magnitude upon binding. FLAPs can be encoded on the DNA level using standard molecular biology tools and are subsequently transcribed into RNA by the cellular machinery, so that they can be used as fluorescent RNA tags (FLAP-tags). In this Minireview, we give a brief overview of the fluorogens that have been developed and their binding RNA aptamers, with a special focus on published crystal structures. A summary of current and future cellular FLAP applications with an emphasis on the study of RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions using split-FLAP and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Neubacher
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical SciencesVU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11081081HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical SciencesVU University AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 11081081HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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11
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Neubacher S, Hennig S. RNA Structure and Cellular Applications of Fluorescent Light-Up Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Neubacher
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
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12
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Lo Piccolo L, Attardi A, Bonaccorso R, Li Greci L, Giurato G, Ingrassia AMR, Onorati MC. ISWI ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleoplasmic ω-speckles in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. J Genet Genomics 2016; 44:85-94. [PMID: 28209301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) belong to the RNA-binding proteins family. They are involved in processing heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) into mature mRNAs. These proteins participate in every step of mRNA cycle, such as mRNA export, localization, translation, stability and alternative splicing. At least 14 major hnRNPs, which have structural and functional homologues in mammals, are expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. Until now, six of these hnRNPs are known to be nucleus-localized and associated with the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) heat shock responsive ω (hsrω) in the omega speckle compartments (ω-speckles). The chromatin remodeler ISWI is the catalytic subunit of several ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, and it is an essential factor for organization of ω-speckles. Indeed, in ISWI null mutant, severe defects in ω-speckles structure are detectable. Here, we clarify the role of ISWI in the hnRNPs‒hsrω interaction. Moreover, we describe how ISWI by its remodeling activity, controls hsrω and hnRNPs engagement in ω-speckles. Finally, we demonstrate that the sequestration of hnRNPs in ω-speckles nuclear compartment is a fundamental event in gene expression control and represents a key step in the regulation of several pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lo Piccolo
- STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Andrea Attardi
- STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Rosa Bonaccorso
- STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Li Greci
- STEBICEF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Genomix4Life Srl, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Salerno 84081, Italy
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13
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Li J, Lu Y, Liang H, Tang C, Zhu L, Zhang J, Xu R. Changes in the Expression of FUS/TLS in Spinal Cords of SOD1 G93A Transgenic Mice and Correlation with Motor-Neuron Degeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1181-1190. [PMID: 27766033 PMCID: PMC5069440 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to searching the possible pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we examined the expression and distribution of FUS/TLS protein in the different anatomic regions, segments and neural cells of adult spinal cord at the different stages of the SOD1 wild-type and G93A transgenic mice using the fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Result revealed that, in the SOD1 wild-type mice, the FUS/TLS expression almost wasn't detected. However, in the SOD1 G93A mice, the FUS/TLS expression in the white matter was significantly more than that in the gray matter. In the white matter, the FUS/TLS expression in the anterior funiculus was more than that in the lateral funiculus more than that in the posterior funiculus. In the gray matter, the FUS/TLS expression in the ventral horn was more than that surrounding the central canal more than that in the dorsal horn. The FUS/TLS expression in the thoracic segment was more than that in the cervical segment more than that in the lumbar segment. Almost all FUS/TLS expressed in the nuclear of the GFAP positive cell at the onset stage, but it expressed in both the nuclear and the cytoplasm of the GFAP positive cell at the progression stage, almost didn't detected FUS/TLS expression in the NeuN and Oligo positive cells. The FUS/TLS expression was positively correlated with the neuron death. Our data suggested that the expressive increase and mislocalization of FUS/TLS in the astrocyte cell might cause the motor neuron degenerative death in the SOD1 G93A transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiting Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Bryant CD, Yazdani N. RNA-binding proteins, neural development and the addictions. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:169-86. [PMID: 26643147 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression defines the neurobiological mechanisms that bridge genetic and environmental risk factors with neurobehavioral dysfunction underlying the addictions. More than 1000 genes in the eukaryotic genome code for multifunctional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that can regulate all levels of RNA biogenesis. More than 50% of these RBPs are expressed in the brain where they regulate alternative splicing, transport, localization, stability and translation of RNAs during development and adulthood. Dysfunction of RBPs can exert global effects on their targetomes that underlie neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Here, we consider the evidence that RBPs influence key molecular targets, neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and neurobehavioral dysfunction underlying the addictions. Increasingly well-powered genome-wide association studies in humans and mammalian model organisms combined with ever more precise transcriptomic and proteomic approaches will continue to uncover novel and possibly selective roles for RBPs in the addictions. Key challenges include identifying the biological functions of the dynamic RBP targetomes from specific cell types throughout subcellular space (e.g. the nuclear spliceome vs. the synaptic translatome) and time and manipulating RBP programs through post-transcriptional modifications to prevent or reverse aberrant neurodevelopment and plasticity underlying the addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Yazdani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Wigington CP, Morris KJ, Newman LE, Corbett AH. The Polyadenosine RNA-binding Protein, Zinc Finger Cys3His Protein 14 (ZC3H14), Regulates the Pre-mRNA Processing of a Key ATP Synthase Subunit mRNA. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22442-22459. [PMID: 27563065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.754069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyadenosine RNA-binding proteins (Pabs) regulate multiple steps in gene expression. This protein family includes the well studied Pabs, PABPN1 and PABPC1, as well as the newly characterized Pab, zinc finger CCCH-type containing protein 14 (ZC3H14). Mutations in ZC3H14 are linked to a form of intellectual disability. To probe the function of ZC3H14, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis of cells depleted of either ZC3H14 or the control Pab, PABPN1. Depletion of PABPN1 affected ∼17% of expressed transcripts, whereas ZC3H14 affected only ∼1% of expressed transcripts. To assess the function of ZC3H14 in modulating target mRNAs, we selected the gene encoding the ATP synthase F0 subunit C (ATP5G1) transcript. Knockdown of ZC3H14 significantly reduced ATP5G1 steady-state mRNA levels. Consistent with results suggesting that ATP5G1 turnover increases upon depletion of ZC3H14, double knockdown of ZC3H14 and the nonsense-mediated decay factor, UPF1, rescues ATP5G1 transcript levels. Furthermore, fractionation reveals an increase in the amount of ATP5G1 pre-mRNA that reaches the cytoplasm when ZC3H14 is depleted and that ZC3H14 binds to ATP5G1 pre-mRNA in the nucleus. These data support a role for ZC3H14 in ensuring proper nuclear processing and retention of ATP5G1 pre-mRNA. Consistent with the observation that ATP5G1 is a rate-limiting component for ATP synthase activity, knockdown of ZC3H14 decreases cellular ATP levels and causes mitochondrial fragmentation. These data suggest that ZC3H14 modulates pre-mRNA processing of select mRNA transcripts and plays a critical role in regulating cellular energy levels, observations that have broad implications for proper neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie P Wigington
- From the Department of Biochemistry and.,the Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Kevin J Morris
- From the Department of Biochemistry and.,the Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Laura E Newman
- From the Department of Biochemistry and.,the Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Anita H Corbett
- From the Department of Biochemistry and .,the Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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16
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Lopatina OL, Kuvacheva NV, Gorina YV, Panina YA, Uspenskaya YA, Petrova MM, Demko IV, Zamay AS, Malinovskaya NA. Astroglial control of neuroinflammation: TLR3-mediated dsRNA-sensing pathways are in the focus. Rev Neurosci 2016; 26:143-59. [PMID: 25528762 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is as an important component of pathogenesis in many types of brain pathology. Immune mechanisms regulate neuroplasticity, memory formation, neurogenesis, behavior, brain development, cognitive functions, and brain metabolism. It is generally believed that essential homeostatic functions of astrocytes - astroglia-neuron metabolic coupling, gliovascular control, regulation of proliferation, and migration of cells in the neurogenic niches - are compromised in neuroinflammation resulting in excitotoxicity, neuronal and glial cell death, and alterations of intercellular communication. Viral neuroinfection, release of non-coding RNAs from the cells at the sites of brain injury or degeneration, and application of siRNA or RNA aptamers as therapeutic agents would require dsRNA-sensing pathways in the cells of neuronal and non-neuronal origin. In this review, we analyze the data regarding the role of astrocytes in dsRNA-initiated innate immune response in neuroinflammation and their contribution to progression of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathology.
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17
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Zou ZY, Liu CY, Che CH, Huang HP. Toward precision medicine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:27. [PMID: 26889480 PMCID: PMC4731596 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is an innovative approach that uses emerging biomedical technologies to deliver optimally targeted and timed interventions, customized to the molecular drivers of an individual's disease. This approach is only just beginning to be considered for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The clinical and biological complexities of ALS have hindered development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this review we consider applying the key elements of precision medicine to ALS: phenotypic classification, comprehensive risk assessment, presymptomatic period detection, potential molecular pathways, disease model development, biomarker discovery and molecularly tailored interventions. Together, these would embody a precision medicine approach, which may provide strategies for optimal targeting and timing of efforts to prevent, stop or slow progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Yu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Chang-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Chun-Hui Che
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hua-Pin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
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18
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Cascajo MV, Abdelmohsen K, Noh JH, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Willers IM, Brea G, López-Lluch G, Valenzuela-Villatoro M, Cuezva JM, Gorospe M, Siendones E, Navas P. RNA-binding proteins regulate cell respiration and coenzyme Q biosynthesis by post-transcriptional regulation of COQ7. RNA Biol 2015; 13:622-34. [PMID: 26690054 PMCID: PMC7609068 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain carrying electrons from complexes I and II to complex III and it is an intrinsic component of the respirasome. CoQ concentration is highly regulated in cells in order to adapt the metabolism of the cell to challenges of nutrient availability and stress stimuli. At least 10 proteins have been shown to be required for CoQ biosynthesis in a multi-peptide complex and COQ7 is a central regulatory factor of this pathway. We found that the first 765 bp of the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of COQ7 mRNA contains cis-acting elements of interaction with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) HuR and hnRNP C1/C2. Binding of hnRNP C1/C2 to COQ7 mRNA was found to require the presence of HuR, and hnRNP C1/C2 silencing appeared to stabilize COQ7 mRNA modestly. By contrast, lowering HuR levels by silencing or depriving cells of serum destabilized and reduced the half-life of COQ7 mRNA, thereby reducing COQ7 protein and CoQ biosynthesis rate. Accordingly, HuR knockdown decreased oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial production of ATP, and increased lactate levels. Taken together, our results indicate that a reduction in COQ7 mRNA levels by HuR depletion causes mitochondrial dysfunction and a switch toward an enhanced aerobic glycolysis, the characteristic phenotype exhibited by primary deficiency of CoQ10. Thus HuR contributes to efficient oxidative phosphorylation by regulating of CoQ10 biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Cascajo
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- b Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- b Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Imke M Willers
- c Departamento de Biología Molecular , Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM) and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Madrid , Spain
| | - Gloria Brea
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Marina Valenzuela-Villatoro
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- c Departamento de Biología Molecular , Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM) and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Madrid , Spain
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- b Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Emilio Siendones
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII , Sevilla , Spain
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19
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Tang AY. RNA processing-associated molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. J Appl Genet 2015; 57:323-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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De Conti L, Akinyi MV, Mendoza-Maldonado R, Romano M, Baralle M, Buratti E. TDP-43 affects splicing profiles and isoform production of genes involved in the apoptotic and mitotic cellular pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:8990-9005. [PMID: 26261209 PMCID: PMC4605304 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, high-throughput screening analyses have broadly defined the RNA cellular targets of TDP-43, a nuclear factor involved in neurodegeneration. A common outcome of all these studies is that changing the expression levels of this protein can alter the expression of several hundred RNAs within cells. What still remains to be clarified is which changes represent direct cellular targets of TDP-43 or just secondary variations due to the general role played by this protein in RNA metabolism. Using an HTS-based splicing junction analysis we identified at least six bona fide splicing events that are consistent with being controlled by TDP-43. Validation of the data, both in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines demonstrated that TDP-43 substantially alters the levels of isoform expression in four genes potentially important for neuropathology: MADD/IG20, STAG2, FNIP1 and BRD8. For MADD/IG20 and STAG2, these changes could also be confirmed at the protein level. These alterations were also observed in a cellular model that successfully mimics TDP-43 loss of function effects following its aggregation. Most importantly, our study demonstrates that cell cycle alterations induced by TDP-43 knockdown can be recovered by restoring the STAG2, an important component of the cohesin complex, normal splicing profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Conti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maureen V Akinyi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Romano
- LNCIB-Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Baralle
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34012 Trieste, Italy
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21
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Amadio M, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S, Calabrese V, Govoni S, Pascale A. Involvement of ELAV RNA-binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of HO-1. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:459. [PMID: 25642166 PMCID: PMC4295526 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible rate-controlling enzyme of heme catabolism. The cytoprotective function of HO-1 activity has been verified in multiple studies, and together with its by-products is considered a key component of the cellular stress response. The transcriptional induction of HO-1 has been largely studied in response to multiple forms of stressful stimuli but our understanding of HO-1 post-transcriptional control mechanisms in neuronal cells is currently lacking. In the present report we show the involvement of the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) in the regulation of HO-1 gene expression. Our study demonstrates a specific binding between HO-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and ELAV proteins, accompanied by an increased expression of HO-1 at protein level, in a human neuroblastoma cell line treated with hemin. Clarifying the induction of HO-1 expression at post-transcriptional level may open therapeutic perspectives for treatments associated with the modulation of HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy ; Inter-University Consortium "SannioTech" Benevento, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Inter-University Consortium "SannioTech" Benevento, Italy ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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22
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RNA-Binding Proteins Associated Molecular Mechanisms of Motor Neuron Degeneration Pathogenesis. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:779-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Budini M, Baralle FE, Buratti E. Targeting TDP-43 in neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:617-32. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.896905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration: towards a loss-of-function hypothesis? Trends Mol Med 2013; 20:66-71. [PMID: 24355761 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are clinically distinct fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing molecular evidence indicates that both disorders are linked in a continuous spectrum (ALS-FTD spectrum). Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions consisting of the nuclear TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are found in the large majority of patients in the ALS-FTD spectrum and dominant mutations in the TDP-43 gene cause ALS. A major unresolved question is whether TDP-43-mediated neuronal loss is caused by toxic gain of function of cytoplasmic aggregates, or by a loss of its normal function in the nucleus. Here we argue that based on recent genetic studies in worms, flies, fish, and rodents, loss of function of TDP-43, rather than toxic aggregates, is the key factor in TDP-43-related proteinopathies.
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