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Dada RS, Kakuturu J, Cook C, Toker A, Ellison M. Descending Thoracic Aorta Replacement in the Setting of Coexisting Aortobronchial and Aortoesophageal Fistula Formation After Open Thoracic Aortic Graft Placement and Subsequent Endovascular Aortic Repair. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:499-504. [PMID: 38071146 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Dada
- Department of Anesthesiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
| | - Jahnavi Kakuturu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Chris Cook
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sentara Heart Hospital, Norfolk, VA
| | - Alper Toker
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Matthew Ellison
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Ahadi S, Zargari M, Khalatbary AR. Assessment of the neuroprotective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 44:725-732. [PMID: 31809244 PMCID: PMC8477957 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1691862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Paraplegia or paraparesis due to spinal cord ischemia is one of the complications following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Recent studies revealed the neuroprotective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on a variety of neurological disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effects of EGCG following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).Design: The present study was conducted on four groups of rats each as follows: Sham-operated group (laparotomy alone); Control group (with IRI); EGCGI group (50-mg/kg, i.p., before IRI), and EGCGII group (50-mg/kg, i.p., after IRI). Neurological function evaluated with motor deficit index (MDI) test. Spinal cord samples were taken 48 h after IRI and studied for determination of malodialdehyde (MDA) level, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry of caspase-3, TNF-α, and iNOS.Setting: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Results: The level of MDA was significantly decreased in EGCG-treated rats. Attenuated caspase-3, TNF-α, and iNOS expression could be significantly detected in the EGCG-treated rats. Also, EGCG reduced the extent of degeneration of the spinal cord neurons, in addition to a significant reduction of MDI.Conclusion: The results suggest that pre- and post-treatment with EGCG may be effective in protecting spinal cord from IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ahadi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetic/Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Correspondence to: Ali Reza Khalatbary, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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3
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Loschi D, Melloni A, Kahlberg A, Chiesa R, Melissano G. Kidney protection in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 62:326-338. [PMID: 33307647 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.20.11745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of both open and endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA). Its definition varies across difference studies, some standardized definitions (RIFLE, AKIN, KDIGO) have been proposed but still not uniformly employed in published papers. Acute kidney injury is multifactorial and is associated with increased in-hospital mortality, long-term mortality and late renal function decline. In addition, AKI is also associated with perioperative spinal cord ischemia. No specific pharmacological strategy has received a strong recommendation with high level of evidence as a protective measure. Fenoldopam, methylprednisolone or mannitol use to prevent AKI is commonly employed, but not supported by literature data. Avoiding nephrotoxic drugs and maintaining an adequate MAP, during and after the procedure plays a key role in preserving kidney function. During open TAAA surgery, renal arteries may be reimplanted using different techniques. The choice of the best option must be tailored to the patient, to reduce ischemic time and guarantee long-term patency. Current experience suggests that cold crystalloid solutions are the best substrates in preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury. Renal perfusion using Custodiol® (Dr Franz-Kohler Chemie GmbH; Bensheim, Germany) 4 °C, even if currently considered off-label, represents an encouraging organ protection tool. In endovascular TAAA repair, techniques such as fusion imaging, use of diluted contrast, and CO<inf>2</inf> subtraction angiography have the potential to reduce postoperative AKI. Visceral vessels patency is closely related to the anatomy. Therefore, accurate endograft design according to these characteristics is crucial for long-term preservation of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Loschi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy -
| | - Andrea Melloni
- Division of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Kahlberg
- Division of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Melissano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Wang KR, Gao M, Wen XH, Kong HY. Anaesthetic management in endovascular total aortic arch repair via needle-based in situ fenestration: a case series of 14 patients. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519893517. [PMID: 31878814 PMCID: PMC7645359 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519893517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Endovascular total aortic arch repair (ETAAR) via needle-based in situ fenestration (ISF) is a major challenge for anaesthesiologists because of haemodynamic instability and the risk of cerebral hypoxia. We herein summarise our experience with anaesthetic management of patients who underwent this procedure. Methods Fourteen patients who underwent ETAAR via ISF for arch pathologies involving the major supra-arch branches were included. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was measured to monitor cerebral perfusion. Partial extracorporeal circulation (EC) support from the right common femoral vein to the right axillary artery was introduced to provide cerebral perfusion. Results During ISF, vessel rupture occurred in three patients and ventricular fibrillation occurred in one patient. The regional cerebral oxygen saturation significantly decreased during the potential risk period for cerebral ischaemia. Establishment of EC effectively prevented cerebral ischaemia. Conclusions During ETAAR, the risks of haemodynamic instability caused by the procedure and vessel rupture during ISF need to be overcome. Partial EC ensured good cerebral protection in our study, and regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring may help to reduce the rate of desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Rong Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ying Kong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Chen F, Li X, Li Z, Zhou Y, Qiang Z, Ma H. The roles of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146489. [PMID: 31589828 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) remains an unresolved complication and its underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we studied the role of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) in a rat model of SCII. We examined the time course and cellular distribution of CXCL13 protein in rats after SCII. The effects of siRNA targeting CXCL13 or C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) in SCII were also investigated. Neurological function, histological assessment, and disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) were evaluated. The expression levels of CXCL13, CXCR5, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), caspase-3, interleukin 6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and IL-1β were determined. We found that SCII resulted in impaired hind limb function and increased the expression of CXCL13. In addition, CXCL13 expression demonstrated the most pronounced effect at 24 h after SCII. We reveal that CXCL13 protein was co-expressed with the mature neuron marker NeuN and the microglial marker IBA-1 in spinal cord tissues of model rats. SCII also increased the expression of CXCR5, p-ERK, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β at 24 h after SCII. Pre-treatment with CXCL13 siRNA protected the rats against SCII and decreased the expression of signalling pathway proteins and proinflammatory cytokines mentioned above. CXCR5 siRNA also showed similar protective effects. These findings indicate that CXCL13 is involved in SCII. The CXCL13/CXCR5 axis promotes the development of SCII, possibly via ERK-mediated pathways. Targeting the mechanism of CXCL13 involved in the development of SCII might be a potential approach for the treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshou Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nangjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nangjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nangjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nangjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ziyun Qiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nangjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nangjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Goel N, Jain D, Savlania A, Bansal A. Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: What Should the Anaesthetist Know? Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2019; 47:1-11. [PMID: 31276105 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2018.39129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical repair of descending thoracic aortic (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) presents one of the greatest challenges for anaesthesiologists. The challenge comes from the fine balance of complex medical issues in the setting of altered physiology that occurs during the perioperative period. Patients presenting for TAAA repair usually have multiple pre-existing comorbid conditions involving their cardiac, pulmonary and renal systems; and aneurysm repair poses a direct and immediate threat to these systems in addition to that to the gastrointestinal and neurologic systems. Operative mortality in thoracoabdominal aortic surgery is quite high to the extent of 5%-12% with a 5-year survival rate of 70%-79% for DTA aneurysm and 59% for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgeries. Complex haemodynamic changes associated with the clamping and declamping of aorta requires thorough knowledge and expertise for the management of TAAA. We present a brief review on the anaesthetic management and possible complications that anaesthetists should be aware of during TAAA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Goel
- Department of Anaesthesia, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Anaesthesia, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Savlania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Bansal
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Max Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Ohbuchi M, Kimura T, Nishikawa T, Horiguchi T, Fukuda M, Masaki Y. Neuroprotective Effects of Fasudil, a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, After Spinal Cord Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats. Anesth Analg 2018; 126:815-823. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Xu M, Wang HF, Zhang YY, Zhuang HW. RETRACTED: Protection of rats spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibition of MiR-497 on inflammation and apoptosis: Possible role in pediatrics. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:337-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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9
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Iakoubova OA, Tong CH, Catanese J, Rowland CM, Luke MM, Tranquilli M, Elefteriades JA. KIF6 719Arg Genetic Variant and Risk for Thoracic Aortic Dissection. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2016; 4:83-90. [PMID: 28097184 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2016.16.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of the 719Arg variant in KIF6, compared with noncarriers, have been reported to be at greater risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) in six prospective studies. Because CHD, thoracic aortic dissection, and nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm share some risk factors and aspects of pathophysiology, we investigated whether carriers of the 719Arg variant also have greater odds of thoracic aortic dissection or nondissected thoracic aortic aneurysm than noncarriers. METHODS We genotyped 140 thoracic aortic dissection cases, 497 nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm cases, and 275 disease-free controls collected in the United States, Hungary, and Greece and investigated the association between KIF6 719Arg carrier status and thoracic aortic dissection, and between KIF6 719Arg carrier status and nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm, using logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, and country. RESULTS The odds of aortic dissection were two-fold greater in KIF6 719Arg carriers compared with noncarriers (odds ratio (OR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.9). To account for the potential of concomitant CHD to confound the association between the KIF6 719Arg and thoracic aortic dissection, we repeated the analysis after removing subjects with concomitant CHD; the estimates for association of KIF6 719Arg carrier status remained essentially the same (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.11-3.77). In contrast, KIF6 719Arg carrier status was not associated with risk for nondissection thoracic aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSIONS We observed an association of the KIF6 719Arg genetic variant with thoracic aortic dissection in this multicenter case-control study. This association may enhance our management of patients with thoracic aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Iakoubova
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Carmen H Tong
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Joseph Catanese
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Charles M Rowland
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - May M Luke
- Quest Diagnostics Research and Development, San Juan Capistrano, California, USA
| | - Maryann Tranquilli
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Wang YX, Sun JJ, Zhang M, Hou XH, Hong J, Zhou YJ, Zhang ZY. Propofol injection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation better improves electrophysiological function in the hindlimb of rats with spinal cord injury than monotherapy. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:636-43. [PMID: 26170827 PMCID: PMC4424759 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.155440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on nervous system damage are not satisfactory. Propofol has been shown to protect against spinal cord injury. Therefore, this study sought to explore the therapeutic effects of their combination on spinal cord injury. Rat models of spinal cord injury were established using the weight drop method. Rats were subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via tail vein injection and/or propofol injection via tail vein using an infusion pump. Four weeks after cell transplantation and/or propofol treatment, the cavity within the spinal cord was reduced. The numbers of PKH-26-positive cells and horseradish peroxidase-positive nerve fibers apparently increased in the spinal cord. Latencies of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials in the hindlimb were noticeably shortened, amplitude was increased and hindlimb motor function was obviously improved. Moreover, the combined effects were better than cell transplantation or propofol injection alone. The above data suggest that the combination of propofol injection and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively improve hindlimb electrophysiological function, promote the recovery of motor funtion, and play a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xin Wang
- First Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Union Medical College Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Operating Room, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hou
- First Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xingtai People's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- First Department of Orthopedics, Tangshan Worker's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Li XQ, Cao XZ, Wang J, Fang B, Tan WF, Ma H. Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates neuronal deficits by inhibiting microglial MMP-9 expression after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Mol Brain 2014; 7:69. [PMID: 25186151 PMCID: PMC4161899 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia are the primary immune cells of the spinal cord that are activated in response to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and release various neurotrophic and/or neurotoxic factors to determine neuronal survival. Among them, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which cleaves various components of the extracellular matrix in the basal lamina and functions as part of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB), is considered important for regulating inflammatory responses and microenvironmental homeostasis of the BSCB in the pathology of ischemia. Sevoflurane has been reported to protect against neuronal apoptosis during cerebral IR. However, the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on spinal cord IR injury remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of sevoflurane on potential genetic roles of microglial MMP-9 in tight junction protein breakdown, opening of the BSCB, and subsequent recruitment of microglia to apoptotic spinal cord neurons. Results The results showed significant upregulation of MMP-9 in rats with IR-induced inflammation of the BSCB compared to that of the sham group, manifested as dysfunctional BSCB with increased Evans blue extravasation and reduced expression of occludin protein. Increased MMP-9 expression was also observed to facilitate invasion and migration of activated microglia, imaging as high Iba-1 expression, clustered to neurons in the injured spinal cord, as shown by double immunofluorescence, and increased proinflammatory chemokine production (CXCL10, CCL2). Further, sevoflurane preconditioning markedly improved motor function by ameliorating neuronal apoptosis, as shown by reduced TUNEL-positive cell counts and expression of cleaved caspase-3. These protective effects were probably responsible for downregulation of MMP-9 and maintenance of normal expression of occludin protein indicating BSCB integrity from inflammatory damage, which was confirmed by decreased protein levels of Iba-1 and MMP-9, as well as reduced production of proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β). Intrathecal injection of specific siRNAs targeting MMP-9 had similar protective effects to those of sevoflurane preconditioning. Conclusions Preconditioning with 2.4% sevoflurane attenuated spinal cord IR injury by inhibiting recruitment of microglia and secretion of MMP-9; thus inhibiting downstream effects on inflammatory damage to BSCB integrity and neuronal apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-014-0069-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Li XQ, Lv HW, Tan WF, Fang B, Wang H, Ma H. Role of the TLR4 pathway in blood-spinal cord barrier dysfunction during the bimodal stage after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:62. [PMID: 24678770 PMCID: PMC3977699 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) involves two-phase injury, including an initial acute ischemic insult and subsequent inflammatory reperfusion injury, resulting in blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) dysfunction involving the TLR4 pathway. However, the correlation between TLR4/MyD88-dependent and TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathways in BSCB dysfunction is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to characterize inflammatory responses in spinal cord I/R and the events that define its clinical progression with delayed neurological deficits, supporting a bimodal mechanism of injury. Methods Rats were intrathecally pretreated with TAK-242, MyD88 inhibitory peptide, or Resveratrol at a 12 h interval for 3 days before undergoing 14-minute occlusion of aortic arch. Evan’s Blue (EB) extravasation and water content were detected at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion. EB extravasation, water content, and NF-κB activation were increased with time after reperfusion, suggesting a bimodal distribution, as maximal increasing were detected at both 12 and 48 h after reperfusion. The changes were directly proportional to TLR4 levels determined by Western blot. Double-labeled immunohistochemical analysis was also used to detect the relationship between different cell types of BSCB with TLR4. Furthermore, NF-κB and IL-1β were analyzed at 12 and 48 h to identify the correlation between MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways. Results Rats without functional TLR4 and MyD88 attenuated BSCB leakage and inflammatory responses at 12 h, suggesting the ischemic event was largely mediated by MyD88-dependent pathway. Similar protective effects observed in rats with depleted TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF receptor at 48 h infer that the ongoing inflammation which occurred in late phase was mainly initiated by TRIF-dependent pathway and such inflammatory response could be further amplified by MyD88-dependent pathway. Additionally, microglia appeared to play a major role in early phase of inflammation after I/R injury, while in late responding phase both microglia and astrocytes were necessary. Conclusions These findings indicate the relevance of TLR4/MyD88-dependent and TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathways in bimodal phases of inflammatory responses after I/R injury, corresponding with the clinical progression of injury and delayed onset of symptoms. The clinical usage of TLR4 signaling inhibitors at different phases may be a therapeutic option for the prevention of delayed injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Sloan TB, Edmonds HL, Koht A. Intraoperative Electrophysiologic Monitoring in Aortic Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 27:1364-73. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Goodwin MR, Blasius KR, Brand J, Silvay G. One-lung ventilation for surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2013; 17:146-51. [PMID: 23615328 DOI: 10.1177/1089253213485642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the surgical approach to thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs have led to the increasing use of one-lung ventilation. Today's practice of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia requires a clear understanding of the techniques available for lung separation and the technical skills necessary to employ them. In this article, we discuss and evaluate the options for one-lung ventilation in thoracic aortic aneurysm repair with regard to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management.
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Karthikesalingam A, Thrumurthy SG, Young EL, Hinchliffe RJ, Holt PJ, Thompson MM. Locoregional anesthesia for endovascular aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:510-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Glycyrrhizin attenuates rat ischemic spinal cord injury by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:11-8. [PMID: 22158106 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the neuroprotective effect of glycyrrhizin (Gly) against the ischemic injury of rat spinal cord and the possible role of the nuclear protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the process. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min aortic occlusion to induce transient lumbar spinal cord ischemia. The motor functions of the animals were assessed according to the modified Tarlov scale. The animals were sacrificed 72 h after reperfusion and the lumbar spinal cord segment (L2-L4) was taken out for histopathological examination and Western blotting analysis. Serum inflammatory cytokine and HMGB1 levels were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS Gly (6 mg/kg) administered intravenously 30 min before inducing the transient lumbar spinal cord ischemia significantly improved the hind-limb motor function scores, and reduced the number of apoptotic neurons, which was accompanied by reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the plasma and injured spinal cord. Moreover, the serum HMGB1 level correlated well with the serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels during the time period of reperfusion. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Gly can attenuate the transient spinal cord ischemic injury in rats via reducing inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the release of HMGB1.
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Hwang J, Kim J, Park S, Cho S, Park S, Han S. Magnesium sulfate does not protect spinal cord against ischemic injury. J INVEST SURG 2011; 24:250-6. [PMID: 22047197 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2011.589884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested various doses of MgSO(4) to investigate the effect of Mg on a spinal cord ischemia. METHODS Rats were treated with either MgSO(4) (30, 100, or 300 mg/kg; group Mg(low), group Mg(medium), group Mg(high), respectively, n = 10 for each) or saline (control group; n = 10) before ischemia. Spinal cord ischemia was induced using a balloon-tipped catheter placed on proximal descending aorta. During surgery, hemodynamic variables were recorded before ischemia, during aortic occlusion and after reperfusion. Neurologic function was assessed using the motor deficit index (MDI; 0 = normal, 6 = complete paralysis) until seven days after reperfusion, and histologic examination of spinal cord was performed. RESULTS After reperfusion, the mean arterial pressure in the group Mg(high) was significantly lower than other groups. Compared to the control group, the groups Mg(low) and Mg(medium) did not show any difference in MDI and the group Mg(high) showed significantly higher MDI. The number of normal motor neurons was similar among other groups except the group Mg(high) had a significantly fewer normal motor neurons. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous MgSO(4) with low or medium dose (30, or 100 mg/kg) did not improve neurological injury following spinal cord ischemia. Furthermore, higher dose of MgSO(4) (300 mg/kg) resulted in hemodynamic instability and aggravated neurologic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Carmona P, Mateo E, Otero M, Marqués JI, Peña JJ, Llagunes J, Aguar F, De Andrés J. [Spinal cord protection during open and endovascular surgery in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta diseases]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2011; 58:110-118. [PMID: 21427827 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(11)70009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades great advances have been made in surgical procedures for treating thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta defects. Associated mortality and morbidity rates have dropped considerably, mainly in major reference centers, but nonetheless continue to be significant. The need for new strategies to reduce mortality and morbidity has made endovascular approaches an attractive alternative for high-risk surgical patients. The most feared complications of these procedures include paraparesis and paraplegia, which have devastating consequences on patients' quality of life. We provide an updated review of the pathophysiology of spinal cord ischemia in open and endovascular surgery, as well as perioperative measures designed to protect the spinal cord in both types of procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Carmona
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia.
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Fedorow CA, Moon MC, Mutch WA, Grocott HP. Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:46-58. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181ddddd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Leff JD, Sudheera KS, Shore-Lesserson L. A case of difficulty predicting neurological deficit during thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 14:24-7. [PMID: 20472617 DOI: 10.1177/1089253210362271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative spinal cord injury associated with thoracoabdominal aorta (TAAA) surgery is a devastating complication. With variable results, the intraoperative use of neurophysiologic monitoring has been employed for the diagnosis and prevention of spinal cord ischemia. We present a case report of a patient undergoing TAAA surgery with the use of evoked potential monitoring. Intraoperatively, both sensory and motor evoked potentials were utilized and consequently the patient experienced changes in monitoring consistent with a new neurologic deficit. However, postoperatively these changes in evoked potentials never manifested in neurologic injury. We examine the utility of neurophysiologic monitoring as it pertains to TAAA surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Leff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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Yu Q, Zhou Q, Huang H, Wang Y, Tian S, Duan D. Protective Effect of Etomidate on Spinal Cord Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Induced by Aortic Occlusion in Rabbits. Ann Vasc Surg 2010; 24:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Umehara S, Goyagi T, Nishikawa T, Tobe Y, Masaki Y. Esmolol and landiolol, selective beta1-adrenoreceptor antagonists, provide neuroprotection against spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Anesth Analg 2010; 110:1133-7. [PMID: 20103544 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181cdb06b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraplegia is a devastating and unpredictable complication occasionally resulting from surgery of the thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Because ultrashort-acting selective beta(1)-adrenoreceptor antagonists provide neuroprotective effects after brain ischemia, we hypothesized that they would also ameliorate spinal cord injury after transient ischemia and reperfusion in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 groups: saline (received IV infusion of 0.9% saline at a rate of 0.5 mL/h, n = 8), esmolol (esmolol 200 microg/kg/min, n = 8), landiolol (landiolol 50 microg/kg/min), or sham surgical (n = 6). Infusion of saline or drugs was initiated 30 minutes before spinal cord ischemia and continued for the subsequent 24-hour reperfusion. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by intraaortic balloon occlusion combined with proximal arterial hypotension for 10 minutes. The spinal cord was then reperfused for 24 hours. Ischemic injury was assessed in terms of the motor deficit index score of the hindlimb and the number of viable motor nerve cells in the anterior spinal cord at 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS The motor deficit index scores were significantly lower in the esmolol and landiolol groups compared with the saline group (P < 0.05). Histopathologic evaluation of the spinal cord showed less damage in the esmolol and landiolol groups than in the saline group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data show that ultrashort-acting selective beta(1)-adrenoreceptor antagonists can reduce neurological injury in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Umehara
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita City, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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Nguyen L, Banks D, Madani M, Bulatao J. CASE 6—2009 Anesthetic Implications of Partial Left-Heart Bypass for Repair of the Descending Thoracic Aorta. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 23:893-900. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Knapp J, Bernhard M, Rauch H, Hyhlik-Dürr A, Böckler D, Walther A. [Anesthesiologic procedure for elective aortic surgery]. Anaesthesist 2009; 58:1161-82. [PMID: 19907924 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-009-1630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are frequent in the elderly who often suffer from relevant co-morbidities. In Germany it is estimated that approximately 250,000 patients suffer from an aortic aneurysm. Due to the high risk of cardiac or pulmonary complications operative management poses a challenge to the anesthesiologist. Especially hemodynamic management during aortic cross-clamping requires anesthesiologic know-how and an anticipatory use of vasodilators and catecholamines. Furthermore, the anesthesiologist has to protect renal function. In order to avoid paraplegia due to spinal ischemia cerebrospinal fluid drainage may be necessary in patients with aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. In recent years endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms has been established in addition to conventional open surgery. As a consequence in some patients aortic surgery can be performed under regional or local anesthesia. In special cases thoracic endovascular repair requires a medicinal induction of heart arrest or the reduction of aortic blood flow by overpacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knapp
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Yu QJ, Zhou QS, Huang HB, Wang YL, Tian SF, Duan DM. Protective Effect of Ketamine on Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury in Rabbits. Ann Vasc Surg 2008; 22:432-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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