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Vanholder R, Annemans L, Braks M, Brown EA, Pais P, Purnell TS, Sawhney S, Scholes-Robertson N, Stengel B, Tannor EK, Tesar V, van der Tol A, Luyckx VA. Inequities in kidney health and kidney care. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:694-708. [PMID: 37580571 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Health inequity refers to the existence of unnecessary and unfair differences in the ability of an individual or community to achieve optimal health and access appropriate care. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, are the epitome of health inequity. Kidney disease risk and outcomes are strongly associated with inequities that occur across the entire clinical course of disease. Insufficient investment across the spectrum of kidney health and kidney care is a fundamental source of inequity. In addition, social and structural inequities, including inequities in access to primary health care, education and preventative strategies, are major risk factors for, and contribute to, poorer outcomes for individuals living with kidney diseases. Access to affordable kidney care is also highly inequitable, resulting in financial hardship and catastrophic health expenditure for the most vulnerable. Solutions to these injustices require leadership and political will. The nephrology community has an important role in advocacy and in identifying and implementing solutions to dismantle inequities that affect kidney health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- European Kidney Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium.
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Annemans
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marion Braks
- European Kidney Health Alliance, Brussels, Belgium
- Association Renaloo, Paris, France
| | - Edwina A Brown
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College Renal and Transplant Center, London, UK
| | - Priya Pais
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tanjala S Purnell
- Departments of Epidemiology and Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon Sawhney
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Bénédicte Stengel
- Clinical Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Elliot K Tannor
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Renal Unit, Directorate of Medicine, Komfo Anokye, Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arjan van der Tol
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie A Luyckx
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Konkor I, Kuuire VZ. Epidemiologic transition and the double burden of disease in Ghana: What do we know at the neighborhood level? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281639. [PMID: 36827236 PMCID: PMC9956066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many developing countries including Ghana are currently experiencing dual disease burdens emerging from an unprecedented risk overlap that drive their epidemiological transitions. Yet, siloed and disintegrated approaches continue to take precedence in health research and policy programs that drive competition for limited resources to address competing health problems. The objective of this study was to offer empirical evidence in support of a cogent argument for an integrated framework for the study and management of infectious and chronic health conditions in Ghana. We did so by examining the prevalence, determinants, and neighborhoods trajectories of the double burden of disease using data from a cross-sectional neighborhood-based study in Ghana. We fitted multinomial multilevel multivariate models to a sample of 1377 individual surveys and the results presented as odds ratios. Findings show that amidst a rising burden of NCDs, infectious diseases remain the most common health condition and participants in deprived neighborhoods were significantly more likely to report poor health outcomes. Risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with NCDs and infectious diseases and respondents who reported being diagnosed with NCDs and infectious diseases in the past year were likely to engage in leisure time physical activities and eat healthy. Based on our findings, we recommend health reforms in Ghana and argue for the design and implementation of an integrated framework for the study and management of the double burden of disease in Ghana and similar developing country settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irenius Konkor
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Vincent Z. Kuuire
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
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Boakye H, Atabila A, Hinneh T, Ackah M, Ojo-Benys F, Bello AI. The prevalence and determinants of non-communicable diseases among Ghanaian adults: A survey at a secondary healthcare level. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281310. [PMID: 36753484 PMCID: PMC9907821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current epidemiological transition of diseases in Ghana necessitates understanding their burden and the associated context-specific risk factors to inform disease prevention strategies. To determine the prevalence and determinants of selected Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among patients seeking healthcare services in a secondary health facility in Ghana. A facility-based survey was conducted among adult patients 18 years and above between May and July 2021, using a multi-stage sampling approach. Data regarding the prevalence of NCDs, participants' socio-demographics and lifestyle factors of NCDs were obtained using Modified STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). The Chi-square test and regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors of NCDs at P < 0.05. The participants comprised 480 patients with a mean age of 37.7±16.5 years, and 57.7% (277/480) of them were females. The overall prevalence of the selected NCDs was 26.7% (CI = 0.23-0.31), of which hypertension (22.7%) was the most prevalent. More than half (54.2%) of the participants engaged in alcohol consumption and 54% were physically inactive. The odds of developing NCDs were higher in females (CI = 1.32-4.10, P = 0.004), older adults (CI = 4.11-20.68, P <0.001), overweight/obese adults (CI = 1.65-4.70, P < 0.001), family history (CI = 0.15-0.46, P<0.001), and alcohol consumption (CI = 0.12-0.40, P < 0.001). There was an overall high prevalence of NCDs, strongly influenced by the participants' age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, and family history. These determinants should be highlighted as part of the campaign for preventive action plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosea Boakye
- Physiotherapy Department, LEKMA Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Albert Atabila
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas Hinneh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Tain District Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Nsawkaw, Ghana
| | - Martin Ackah
- Physiotherapy Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Ajediran I. Bello
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Avogo WA. Community characteristics and the risk of non-communicable diseases in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000692. [PMID: 36962739 PMCID: PMC10021620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are rising quickly in low- and middle- income countries. In Ghana, chronic diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality, yet data and the evidence- base for awareness, detection, and management of NCDs are lacking. Using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS), the first national study with information on hypertension and other risk factors, we examine the correlates and community characteristics associated with the risk of hypertension, obesity, and anemia among women. We find that hypertension prevalence in Ghana was 16 percent and 17 percent were overweight/obese, while 41 percent had anemia of any form. On community characteristics, the level of poverty in a community was significantly associated with lower risks of all three NCDs, while the aggregate level of employment had higher risks. On individual characteristics, the wealth of a household, women's educational level and urban residence were significant predictors of NCDs. We interpret the findings within the literature on neighborhood characteristics, the social gradient of health and in the context of speeding up the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDS) to reduce premature deaths by one-third by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfred A. Avogo
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States of America
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Banchani E, Tenkorang EY, Midodzi W. Examining the effects of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status/wealth on hypertension among women in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:714-725. [PMID: 33016517 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Although research on the relationship between individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) and hypertension exists, to the best of our knowledge, limited empirical studies examined the effects of neighbourhood-level SES/wealth on the risks of living with hypertension in Ghana. Using data from the 2009 Women's Health Study of Accra (WHSA-II), and applying multilevel logistic regression, this study investigates the effects of both individual and neighbourhood wealth status on hypertension among women in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The results show that individual-level SES/wealth is a significant determinant of hypertension among Ghanaian women in Accra. Specifically, wealthy women are more likely to be hypertensive compared to poorer women. However, the effect of neighbourhood SES/wealth was attenuated after adjusting for individual-level SES/wealth. These findings suggest that it is important to develop health promotion programs targeted at a segment of SES group in the prevention, control and management of hypertension among women in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Y Tenkorang
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - William Midodzi
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
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Amu H, Darteh EKM, Tarkang EE, Kumi-Kyereme A. Management of chronic non-communicable diseases in Ghana: a qualitative study using the chronic care model. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1120. [PMID: 34116657 PMCID: PMC8196497 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the burden and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) have reached epidemic proportions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), decision-makers and individuals still consider CNCDs to be infrequent and, therefore, do not pay the needed attention to their management. We, therefore, explored the practices and challenges associated with the management of CNCDs by patients and health professionals. Methods This was a qualitative study among 82 CNCD patients and 30 health professionals. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were used in collecting data from the participants. Data collected were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Experiences of health professionals regarding CNCD management practices involved general assessments such as education of patients, and specific practices based on type and stage of CNCDs presented. Patients’ experiences mainly centred on self-management practices which comprised self-restrictions, exercise, and the use of anthropometric equipment to monitor health status at home. Inadequate logistics, work-related stress due to heavy workload, poor utility supply, and financial incapability of patients to afford the cost of managing their conditions were challenges that militated against the effective management of CNCDs. Conclusions A myriad of challenges inhibits the effective management of CNCDs. To accelerate progress towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goal 3 on reducing premature mortality from CNCDs, the Ghana Health Service and management of the respective hospitals should ensure improved utility supply, adequate staff motivation, and regular in-service training. A chronic care management policy should also be implemented in addition to the review of the country’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) by the Ministry of Health and the National Health Insurance Authority to cover the management of all CNCDs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11170-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana. .,Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | | | - Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Boateng GO, Lartey ST, Baiden P, Si L, Biritwum RB, Kowal P, Magnussen CG, Ben Taleb Z, Palmer AJ, Luginaah I. Measuring Hypertension Progression With Transition Probabilities: Estimates From the WHO SAGE Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:571110. [PMID: 33898368 PMCID: PMC8058215 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.571110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper assessed the transition probabilities between the stages of hypertension severity and the length of time an individual might spend at a particular disease state using the new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypertension blood pressure guidelines. Data for this study were drawn from the Ghana WHO SAGE longitudinal study, with an analytical sample of 1884 across two waves. Using a multistate Markov model, we estimated a seven-year transition probability between normal/elevated blood pressure (systolic ≤ 129 mm Hg & diastolic <80 mm Hg), stage 1 (systolic 130-139 mm Hg & diastolic 80-89 mm Hg), and stage 2 (systolic ≥140mm Hg & diastolic≥90 mm Hg) hypertension and adjusted for the individual effects of anthropometric, lifestyle, and socio-demographic factors. At baseline, 22.5% had stage 1 hypertension and 52.2% had stage 2 hypertension. The estimated seven-year transition probability for the general population was 19.0% (95% CI: 16.4, 21.8) from normal/elevated blood pressure to stage 1 hypertension, 31.6% (95% CI: 27.6, 35.4%) from stage 1 hypertension to stage 2 hypertension, and 48.5% (45.6, 52.1%) for remaining at stage 2. Other factors such as being overweight, obese, female, aged 60+ years, urban residence, low education and high income were associated with an increased probability of remaining at stage 2 hypertension. However, consumption of recommended servings of fruits and vegetables per day was associated with a delay in the onset of stage 1 hypertension and a recovery to normal/elevated blood pressure. This is the first study to show estimated transition probabilities between the stages of hypertension severity across the lifespan in sub-Saharan Africa. The results are important for understanding progression through hypertension severity and can be used in simulating cost-effective models to evaluate policies and the burden of future healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred O. Boateng
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Stella T. Lartey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Lei Si
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Paul Kowal
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Newcastle Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Andrew J. Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Amegbor PM, Rosenberg MW. Health and socioeconomic risk factors for overnight admission among older adults in Ghana. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-020-09294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Socio-economic-related health inequality in non-communicable diseases among older people in Viet Nam. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19001843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study contributes to a growing literature body of studies aimed at explaining socio-economic-related health inequality in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with a focus on older people who are commonly affected by socio-economic gradient in later life. It identifies factors associated with self-reported NCDs and examines socio-economic-related health inequality in self-reported NCDs between rural and urban Vietnamese older people. This cross-sectional study utilised data from the Viet Nam Ageing Survey. A sample of 2,682 older people aged 60 and over (urban = 703, rural = 1,979) was analysed. Concentration indices were computed to measure socio-economic inequalities in self-reported NCDs. Concentration index decomposition analysis was performed to determine the relative contributions of the determinants to explaining those inequalities. Significant socio-economic inequalities in self-reported NCDs favouring the rich were found, in which the degree of inequality was more pronounced in urban areas than in their rural counterparts. Household wealth and social health insurance were the main drivers contributing to increased socio-economic inequalities in self-reported NCDs in urban and rural areas, respectively. Among disadvantaged groups, older people living alone, with lowest wealth and with social health insurance had highest probability of reporting at least one NCD for both areas. Public policies aimed at narrowing wealth gaps and expanding and improving principle roles of social health insurance should prioritise the most disadvantaged groups in order to achieve health equality.
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Lartey ST, Magnussen CG, Si L, Boateng GO, de Graaff B, Biritwum RB, Minicuci N, Kowal P, Blizzard L, Palmer AJ. Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in older Ghanaian adults from 2007-2015: Evidence from WHO-SAGE Waves 1 & 2. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215045. [PMID: 31425568 PMCID: PMC6699701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on changes in the prevalence and determinants of obesity in older adults living in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. We examined recent changes in obesity prevalence and associated factors for older adults in Ghana between 2007/08 and 2014/15. METHODS Data on adults aged 50 years and older in Ghana were drawn from the WHO SAGE 2007/08 (Wave 1; n = 4158) and 2014/15 (Wave 2; n = 1663). The weighted prevalence of obesity, overweight, normal weight and underweight, and of high central adiposity were compared in 2007/08 and 2014/15. Multinomial and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine whether the determinants of weight status based on objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference changed between the two time periods. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight (2007/08 = 19.6%, 95% CI: 18.0-21.4%; 2014/15 = 24.5%, 95% CI: 21.7-27.5%) and obesity (2007/08 = 10.2%, 95% CI: 8.9-11.7%; 2014/15 = 15.0%, 95% CI: 12.6-17.7%) was higher in 2014/15 than 2007/08 and more than half of the population had high central adiposity (2007/08 = 57.7%, 95% CI: 55.4-60.1%; 2014/15 = 66.9%, 95% CI: 63.7-70.0%) in both study periods. While the prevalence of overweight increased in both sexes, obesity prevalence was 16% lower in males and 55% higher in females comparing 2007/08 to 2014/15. Female sex, urban residence, and high household wealth were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity and high central adiposity. Those aged 70+ years had lower odds of obesity in both study waves. In 2014/15, females who did not meet the recommended physical activity were more likely to be obese. CONCLUSION Over the 7-year period between the surveys, the prevalence of underweight decreased and overweight increased in both sexes, while obesity decreased in males but increased in females. The difference in obesity prevalence may point to differential impacts of past initiatives to reduce overweight and obesity, potential high-risk groups in Ghana, and the need to increase surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T. Lartey
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lei Si
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Godfred O. Boateng
- Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Barbara de Graaff
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Nadia Minicuci
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Paul Kowal
- World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Newcastle Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gyamfi D, Obirikorang C, Acheampong E, Danquah KO, Asamoah EA, Liman FZ, Batu EN. Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension and its related risk factors among undergraduate students in a Tertiary institution, Ghana. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gyamfi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kwabena Owusu Danquah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evans Adu Asamoah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Fatima Zarah Liman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuella Nsenbah Batu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
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12
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Asamoah-Boaheng M, Tenkorang EY, Sarfo-Kantanka O. Time to onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana. Int Health 2019; 11:101-107. [PMID: 30107406 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes affects an increasing number of Ghanaians. The timing of the onset of diabetes is linked to several other co-morbid conditions, yet no study has examined the timing of the onset of type 2 diabetes in Ghana. METHODS To fill this gap in the literature, this study applied logit models to data extracted from the medical records at the Diabetes Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Gender-specific models were also estimated. RESULTS The results show that obesity was a significant predictor of the timing of the first onset of diabetes among both males and females. Women with high school education compared with no formal education, and female employees compared with the unemployed were more likely to experience an early onset of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Policymakers must educate Ghanaians about behaviors that will reduce their risk of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Asamoah-Boaheng
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland
| | - Eric Y Tenkorang
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
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13
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Murray M, King C, Sorensen C, Bunick E, King R. Community awareness of stroke, hypertension and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Nkonya-Wurupong, Ghana. J Public Health Afr 2018; 9:783. [PMID: 30687476 PMCID: PMC6325415 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2018.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and other non-communicable diseases are growing risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke in lowand middle-income countries like Ghana who are experiencing the effects of rapid urbanization and globalization. Awareness and education may help reduce the population’s exposure to modifiable risk-factors. A survey from a central clinic outside the city of Ho, in the Volta region investigates participants’ level of awareness and education surrounding hypertension and stroke. It provides important information about the approach to education and preventing modifiable risk factors. A central clinic in Nkonya-Wurupong, Ghana, evaluated 1671 patients in July 2016, and a group of 302 adults over the age of 18 provided a convenience sampling. The survey examined three main areas: demographics, medical history, and evaluation of knowledge with respect to stroke and cardiovascular risk factors. 18.5% of participants demonstrated hypertension (BP ³ 140/90). 30% of those with hypertension were female. Thirty-five percent believed hypertension was a risk factor for stroke, and only 26% were currently medicated for hypertension. Poor diet, obesity and alcohol were the most frequently identified risk factors for stroke and 86% of participants felt that it was preventable. However, diet, heart disease, smoking, obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle or alcohol were not uniformly identified as stroke risk factors. One-sided weakness was the only symptom the group associated with stroke. Other symptoms included in the survey were headache, slurred speech, visual changes, dizziness, and facial droop. Educational resources included TV, school, internet, radio, medical books and health professionals and 7% responded that they had never been educated about stroke and its risk-factors. Knowledge of hypertensive consequences including cardiovascular disease and stroke varies significantly along with stroke identification and educational sources. However, many indicated that stroke is due to lifestyle and can be prevented. It is unclear what respondents believe these lifestyle choices are. This data suggests there are major areas where healthcare education is needed. Discerning baseline health in developing countries will become increasingly important when evaluating an area for health resource allocation including patient health education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Murray
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Rotary Club of Oak Ridge Tennessee, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol King
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Rotary Club of Oak Ridge Tennessee, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cecilia Sorensen
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Rotary Club of Oak Ridge Tennessee, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elaine Bunick
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Rotary Club of Oak Ridge Tennessee, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Renee King
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Rotary Club of Oak Ridge Tennessee, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Airhihenbuwa CO, Ogedegbe G. Noncommunicable Diseases in Africa and the Global South. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 43:5S-6S. [PMID: 27037148 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116630529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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