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Langley T. Tobacco Content and Marketing Online and Beyond-New and Ongoing Challenges for Tobacco Control Research and Policy. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:411-412. [PMID: 38168708 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Langley
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, London, UK
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Jena PK, Patel A, Kishore J, Yadav A, Satpathy N, Samal S, Garnaik A, Sahu M, Das S, Sahoo S. Tobacco Imagery in Movies and Web Series Streaming in India and Their Compliance With the Recent Anti-tobacco Rules for Over-the-Top (OTT) Platforms. Cureus 2024; 16:e55730. [PMID: 38586793 PMCID: PMC10998687 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internet access, smartphones, and televisions have significantly boosted over-the-top (OTT) movies and web series viewing in India, especially among youths. Despite restrictions, OTT platforms continue to promote tobacco products. India has recently enforced the revised OTT Rules 2023 effective September 1, 2023, to counter tobacco promotion in OTT shows. This study explores compliance with the OTT Rules 2023 in popular movies and web series on select OTT platforms in India. METHODS About 29 movies and 31 web series from seven popular OTT platforms as of September 26, 2023, were analyzed in this study. The incidence of tobacco imagery and compliance with the OTT Rules 2023 were assessed using a standardized format with the help of seven trained coders. Descriptive statistics were used to describe instances of tobacco imagery and violations of the provisions of Indian law. RESULTS The average incidence of tobacco imagery per included show was 3.95. None of the movies and web series fully complied with the provisions of health spots and audio-visual warnings. Only 35.7% of the shows (movies: 57.1%, web series: 14.3%) fully complied with the anti-tobacco static message provisions. The foreign-origin movies had zero compliance with static messages, though they had fewer tobacco images. Half of the shows for children up to 12 years old had tobacco imagery but fully complied with the static warning message provisions. CONCLUSION The portrayal of tobacco imagery in OTT shows is prevalent, and their poor compliance with the OTT Rules 2023 is a concern. Therefore, monitoring and stricter enforcement of the OTT Rules should be given priority to protect viewers from tobacco promotion in OTT shows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap K Jena
- Health Care Management, Swiss School of Business and Management (SSBM) Geneva, Geneva, CHE
- School of Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Arpita Patel
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, IND
- Dentistry, Hi-Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Jugal Kishore
- Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Amit Yadav
- Tobacco Control, Vital Strategies, New Delhi, IND
| | - Nancy Satpathy
- Public Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, IND
- Community Medicine, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Soumini Samal
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Aishwarya Garnaik
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Manasmruti Sahu
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Sagarika Das
- Nursing, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala (JJT) University, Jhunjhunu, IND
- Mental Health Nursing, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, IND
| | - Satyabhama Sahoo
- Public Health, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, IND
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Morgenstern M, Glantz SA, Neumann C, Hanewinkel R. Smoking in Popular Streaming Shows and Youth Protection in Germany. J Community Health 2024; 49:166-172. [PMID: 37605099 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Aim was to investigate the amount of smoking in popular streaming series in Germany with a focus on the comparison between series recommended for adults versus youth. The sample was drawn from the 35 highest user-rated streaming series, that released 1794 new episodes between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2020. One-third of the episodes (N = 598) were randomly selected and analyzed for smoking content. The age ratings of these episodes ranged from 6 to 18 years, with categories of "6", "12", "16" and "18" years. Ten of the 35 shows (28.6%) were completely smoke-free, 25 shows (71.4%) had at least one episode with smoking. Of all analyzed episodes, 25.1% contained smoking (range = 1 to 36 smoking scenes; median = 4). There was a statistically significant association between episode age rating and the presence of smoking (χ2[3] = 9.1; p = 0.028; Spearman's rho = 0.11): The proportion of episodes with smoking was 0% for episodes with age ratings below 12 years, 20.4% for age ratings "12", 28.3% for age ratings "16", and 32.4% for age ratings "18". This association differed between streaming services, but all services had smoking in episodes rated for youth. Smoking is common in popular streaming series. None of the streaming services meet the recommendations of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to reliably restrict young people's access to media content that depicts smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthis Morgenstern
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stanton A Glantz
- UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Clemens Neumann
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Hanewinkel
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114, Kiel, Germany
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Ylitörmänen T, Tarasenko Y, Hiilamo H, Ruokolainen O, Puska P, Ollila H. Cross-sectional study of the associations between the implementation of the WHO FCTC tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans and current e-cigarette use among youth from countries with different income levels. Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058160. [PMID: 38286590 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Article 13 requires countries to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and bans are recommended to cover electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We examined youth e-cigarette prevalence by TAPS regulations in countries with different income levels. METHODS We analysed data on 165 299 respondents from 48 countries with 2016/2018 WHO FCTC implementation reports and 2016-2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey. We used multilevel logistic regressions to examine associations between TAPS regulations and current e-cigarette use, stratified by country income. RESULTS About 1 in 10 respondents was currently using e-cigarettes. Respondents in countries with TAPS bans on the internet were less likely to use e-cigarettes (adjOR=0.58; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.86) than youth in countries without such bans. In lower middle-income and low-income countries, bans on displaying tobacco products at the point of sale (adjOR=0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.90), bans on product placement (adjOR=0.44; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.69) and strength of additional TAPS measures were associated with lower prevalence of e-cigarette use among students. Being taught about the dangers of the use of tobacco in school was associated with lower odds of e-cigarette use. No differences in the use of e-cigarettes were observed by types of TAPS among respondents in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening implementation of TAPS policies and assuring they cover new and emerging products, online channels and points of sales are essential, especially in lower income countries. Maintaining tobacco health education is also important to protect youth from e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Ylitörmänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yelena Tarasenko
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Heikki Hiilamo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Ruokolainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Puska
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ollila
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Ylitörmänen T, Tarasenko YN, Ruokolainen O, Hiilamo H, Pekka P, Ollila H. Implementation of the Article 13 WHO FCTC measures and changes in cigarette smoking among youth in 42 countries. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013255. [PMID: 38084494 PMCID: PMC10711898 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a decline in global smoking prevalence among adolescents, around 21 million youth report current cigarette smoking. Exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) is a risk factor for smoking initiation, and therefore the Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) requires comprehensive TAPS bans. We examined the associations between changes in youth cigarette smoking and implementation of Article 13. METHODS We used two rounds of cross-sectional data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) for 42 countries: first between 2006 and 2015, and second between 2017 and 2020. The GYTS data were linked with the WHO FCTC implementation reports from 2016 and 2018. The outcome was current smoking. Multilevel binary logistic regression models, stratified by country income level, were used to test the prevalence differences between the latest and previous GYTS rounds and their associations with TAPS bans with postestimations using marginal analyses. RESULTS The percentage of students currently smoking decreased from 10.0% (95% CI 8.0 to 12.1) to 7.7% (95% CI 6.1 to 9.3) from first to second GYTS rounds (p<0.001), adjusting for country clustering. In low-income and lower-middle-income countries, the degree of decrease significantly differed between countries with versus without bans on display, partial internet TAPS ban, ban on depiction of tobacco products and by number of TAPS measures, adjusting for age and sex of the respondents. In high-income and upper-middle-income countries, the degree of decrease significantly differed by presence (or absence) of partial or full internet TAPS ban, ban on product placement and by number of TAPS measures. CONCLUSION Implementation of TAPS bans is associated with decreased smoking among adolescents both in high-income and low-income countries. Enhanced and continuous efforts are necessary to protect youth from the promotion of tobacco and nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Ylitörmänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yelena N Tarasenko
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Otto Ruokolainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Hiilamo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Puska Pekka
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ollila
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Oghenetega E, Kekere V, Enosolease U, Eche V, Reng G, Sonola O, Ezema E, Busari R, Adegbite O, Muoghalu C, Ikekwere J, Emenuga I, Jawla M, Onyeaka H. Prevalence and correlates of US adult opinions on restricting exposure of children to smoking in movies: The 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey. POPULATION MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/150644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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