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Shi Q, Carrillo JC, Penman MG, Shen H, North CM, Jia S, Borsboom-Patel T, Tian Y, Hubert F, Manton JC, Boogaard PJ. Toxicological Assessment of Higher Olefins in OECD TG 422 Repeated Dose and Reproductive /Developmental Toxicity Screening Tests in Han Wistar Rats. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:301-326. [PMID: 37936376 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231210856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Higher olefins (HO) are used primarily as intermediates in the production of other chemicals, such as polymers, fatty acids, plasticizer alcohols, surfactants, lubricants, amine oxides, and detergent alcohols. The potential toxicity of five HO (i.e., 1-Octene, Nonene, Decene, Hexadecene, and 1-Octadecene) with carbon ranging from C8 to C18 was examined in a combined repeated dose and reproduction/developmental toxicity screening study (OECD TG 422). These five HO were administered to Han Wistar rats by gavage at 0 (controls), 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. As a group of substances, adaptive changes in the liver (liver weight increase without pathological evidence), as well as increased kidney weight in male rats, were observed in HO with carbon numbers from C8 to C10. The overall systemic no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for all HO was determined at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. In the reproductive/developmental toxicity assessment, offspring viability, size, and weights were reduced in litters from females treated with Nonene at 1000 mg/kg bw/day. The overall no observed effects level (NOEL) for reproductive toxicity was considered to be 300 mg/kg bw/day for Nonene and 1000 mg/kg bw/day for the other four HO, respectively. These data significantly enrich the database on the toxicity of linear and branched HO, allowing comparison with similar data published on a range of linear and branched HO. Comparisons between structural class and study outcome provide further supportive data in order to validate the read-across hypothesis as part of an overall holistic testing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shi
- Shell Product Stewardship, Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Juan-Carlos Carrillo
- Shell Product Stewardship, Shell Global Solutions International B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hua Shen
- Shell USA, Inc., Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin M North
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - Sophie Jia
- Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | - Yuan Tian
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jason C Manton
- Penman Consulting Ltd., Aspect House, Grove Business Park, Grove, Oxfordshire, OX12 9FF, UK
- Exponent International Limited, The Lenz, Hornbeam Park, Harrogate HG2 8RE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Boogaard
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Fowles JR, Banton MI, Boogaard PJ, Ketelslegers HB, Rohde AM. Assessment of petroleum streams for thyroid toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2016; 254:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Swick D, Jaques A, Walker JC, Estreicher H. Gasoline toxicology: overview of regulatory and product stewardship programs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:S3-S12. [PMID: 24956589 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made to characterize the toxicological properties of gasoline. There have been both mandatory and voluntary toxicology testing programs to generate hazard characterization data for gasoline, the refinery process streams used to blend gasoline, and individual chemical constituents found in gasoline. The Clean Air Act (CAA) (Clean Air Act, 2012: § 7401, et seq.) is the primary tool for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate gasoline and this supplement presents the results of the Section 211(b) Alternative Tier 2 studies required for CAA Fuel and Fuel Additive registration. Gasoline blending streams have also been evaluated by EPA under the voluntary High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program through which the petroleum industry provide data on over 80 refinery streams used in gasoline. Product stewardship efforts by companies and associations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API), Conservation of Clean Air and Water Europe (CONCAWE), and the Petroleum Product Stewardship Council (PPSC) have contributed a significant amount of hazard characterization data on gasoline and related substances. The hazard of gasoline and anticipated exposure to gasoline vapor has been well characterized for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Swick
- American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20005, United States.
| | - Andrew Jaques
- RegNet, 1250 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, United States.
| | - J C Walker
- Keller and Heckman LLP, 1001 G Street, N.W., Suite 500W, Washington, DC 20001, United States.
| | - Herb Estreicher
- Keller and Heckman LLP, 1001 G Street, N.W., Suite 500W, Washington, DC 20001, United States.
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A GHS-consistent approach to health hazard classification of petroleum substances, a class of UVCB substances. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:409-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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