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Karimani A. Evaluating Cytochrome P-2E1 Induction in Diabetic Rats and Rabbits. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2022.158.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fatoki TH, Ibraheem O, Awofisayo OA, Oyedele AS, Akinlolu OS. In Silico Investigation of First-Pass Effect on Selected Small Molecule Excipients and Structural Dynamics of P-glycoprotein. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220943183. [PMID: 32782427 PMCID: PMC7385845 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220943183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the interaction of selected pharmaceutical excipients on the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and activity of 6 cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms were computationally investigated. At binding free energy cut-off value of −5.0 kcal/mol, the result showed possible modulatory or inhibitory effect by cethyl alcohol on CPY3A4 and P-gp; cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) on CYP1A2 and P-gp; dibutyl sebacate on CYP2C9, CYP2E1, and P-gp; sodium caprylate on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4; while most of the tested excipients have good interaction with the cytochromes and P-gp. The predicted pharmacokinetics provided possible inhibitors of the CYPs and P-gp and suggested that aspartame and acetyl tributyl citrate may not permeate blood–brain barrier and not act as P-gp substrates. Target prediction for CTAB showed 100% and 35% probability of target to dynamin-1 (UniProt ID: Q05193) and histamine H3 receptor (UniProt ID: Q9Y5N1), respectively, whereas tricaprylin showed 40% probability of target to 5 Protein kinase C (UniProt IDs: P17252, Q02156, Q04759, P24723, and P05129). This study shows that synergistic effect of some excipients present in a drug formulation and multiple drugs administration is possible through modulation of CYPs activities and P-gp function, and this is crucial for consideration to mitigate toxicity in pediatric and adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwase Hezekiah Fatoki
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Omodele Ibraheem
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oladoja A Awofisayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Jia T, Wang YN, Zhang J, Hao X, Zhang D, Xu X. Cinaciguat in combination with insulin induces a favorable effect on implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109216. [PMID: 31319371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The osseointegration process of implant is seriously impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that causes high failure rate, and insufficiency exists in current insulin therapy, creating a demand for new bone-synergistic agent. Cinaciguat, a novel type of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator, plays a vital role in glucose metabolism, inflammation control and bone regeneration. We hypothesized that the combined application of cinaciguat and insulin could reverse poor implant osseointegration in diabetes. To test this hypothesis, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were placed implants in the femur, and divided into five groups: control, T2DM, cinaciguat-treated T2DM (7 μg/kg), insulin-treated T2DM (12 IU/kg), cinaciguat plus insulin combination-treated T2DM (7 μg/kg and 12 IU/kg respectively), according to different treatment received. The weight and glucose levels of rats were evaluated at fixed times, and plasma level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was determined before euthanasia. Three months after therapy, the femurs were isolated for pull-out test, environmental scanning electron microscope observation, microscopic computerized tomography evaluation and various histology analysis. Results revealed that diabetic rats showed the highest blood glucose level and lowest cGMP content, which led to the worst structural damage and least osseointegration. Combined treatment could attenuate the diabetes induced hyperglycemia to be normal, restore the cGMP content, protein kinase G II (PKG II) expression, phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity and ameliorate the mechanical strength, the impaired bone microarchitecture and osseointegration to the highest level. Meanwhile, monotreatment (insulin or cinaciguat) also showed restorative effect, but less. Our findings demonstrated that the cGMP/PKG II signaling pathway activated by cinaciguat mediated the favorable effects of the combined application on improving implant fixation under T2DM condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Identification of key genes involved in type 2 diabetic islet dysfunction: a bioinformatics study. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182172. [PMID: 31088900 PMCID: PMC6542763 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To identify the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islet and investigate their potential pathway in the molecular process of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE20966, GSE25724, GSE38642) of type 2 diabetes patients and normal controls were downloaded from GEO database. DEGs were further assessed by enrichment analysis based on the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.8. Then, by using Search Tool for the Retrieval Interacting Genes (STRING) 10.0 and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we identified hub gene and associated pathway. At last, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to validate the expression of hub gene. Results: Forty-five DEGs were co-expressed in the three datasets, most of which were down-regulated. DEGs are mostly involved in cell pathway, response to hormone and binding. In protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, we identified ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) as hub gene. GSEA analysis suggests low expression of ACLY is enriched in glycine serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism cytochrome P450 (CYP) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway. qPCR showed the same expression trend of hub gene ACLY as in our bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ACLY and the pathways involved are possible target in the molecular mechanism of type 2 diabetes.
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Huang Y, Liu C, Liu S, Liu Z, Li S, Wang Y. In vitro metabolism of magnolol and honokiol in rat liver microsomes and their interactions with seven cytochrome P substrates. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:229-238. [PMID: 30343517 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Magnolol and honokiol are the main active components of Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. The study of their interactions with liver microsomes is very important for the clinical safety of M. officinalis Rehd. et Wils. METHODS The main metabolites of magnolol and honokiol in rat liver microsomes were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and their possible structures were identified. In addition, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes of the major rat metabolites of magnolol and honokiol were identified using a specific inhibitor. RESULTS This study suggests that the CYP2E1 subtype is responsible for the oxidation of magnolol and honokiol terminal double bonds to epoxy metabolites. CYP3A4 appears to be the major subtype responsible for further hydrolytic metabolism, while CYP1A2 may promote decarboxylation of the metabolites. CYP2A6 may be the main subtype responsible for the hydrogenation of magnolol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that different CYP450 enzyme isoforms showed different activities in the in vitro metabolism of magnolol and honokiol in rat liver microsomes. It has certain practical applications in that we should pay attention to drug-drug interactions in clinical medications and also to drug-enzyme interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Changji Road, Erdao District, Changchun, 130032, China
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The Role of CYP2E1 in the Drug Metabolism or Bioactivation in the Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4680732. [PMID: 28163821 PMCID: PMC5259652 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4680732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have metabolic pathways that are responsible for removing toxic agents. We always associate the liver as the major organ responsible for detoxification of the body; however this process occurs in many tissues. In the same way, as in the liver, the brain expresses metabolic pathways associated with the elimination of xenobiotics. Besides the detoxifying role of CYP2E1 for compounds such as electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species, free radical products, and the bioactivation of xenobiotics, CYP2E1 is also related in several diseases and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we describe the presence of phase I monooxygenase CYP2E1 in regions of the brain. We also explore the conditions where protein, mRNA, and the activity of CYP2E1 are induced. Finally, we describe the relation of CYP2E1 in brain disorders, including the behavioral relations for alcohol consumption via CYP2E1 metabolism.
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ, Nwoha PU. Alterations in behaviour, cerebral cortical morphology and cerebral oxidative stress markers following aspartame ingestion. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 78:42-56. [PMID: 27565676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluated changes in open field behaviours, cerebral cortical histomorphology and biochemical markers of oxidative stress following repeated administration of aspartame in mice. METHODOLOGY Adult mice were assigned into five groups of twelve each. Vehicle (distilled water), or aspartame (20, 40, 80 and 160mg/kg body weight) were administered orally for 28days. Horizontal locomotion, rearing and grooming were assessed after the first and last dose of aspartame. Sections of the cerebral cortex were processed and stained for general histology, and also examined for neuritic plaques using the Bielschwosky's protocol. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactivity were assessed using appropriate antibodies. Aspartate and antioxidant levels were also assayed from cerebral cortex homogenates. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Body weight and food consumption decreased significantly with aspartame consumption. Locomotion, rearing and grooming increased significantly after first dose, and with repeated administration of aspartame. Histological changes consistent with neuronal damage were seen at 40, 80 and 160mg/kg. Neuritic plaque formation was not evident; while GFAP-reactive astrocytes and NSE-reactive neurons increased at 40 and 80mg/kg but decreased at 160mg/kg. Superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide increased with increasing doses of aspartame, while aspartate levels showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION The study showed morphological alterations consistent with neuronal injury and biochemical changes of oxidative stress. These data therefore supports the need for caution in the indiscriminate use of aspartame as a non-nutritive sweetener.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oshogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Polycarp U Nwoha
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Ghosh C, Hossain M, Solanki J, Dadas A, Marchi N, Janigro D. Pathophysiological implications of neurovascular P450 in brain disorders. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1609-1619. [PMID: 27312874 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the significance of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes has expanded beyond their role as peripheral drug metabolizers in the liver and gut. CYP enzymes are also functionally active at the neurovascular interface. CYP expression is modulated by disease states, impacting cellular functions, detoxification, and reactivity to toxic stimuli and brain drug biotransformation. Unveiling the physiological and molecular complexity of brain P450 enzymes will improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying brain drug availability, pharmacological efficacy, and neurotoxic adverse effects from pharmacotherapy targeting brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Ghosh
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mohammed Hossain
- Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Aaron Dadas
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular Mechanisms of Brain Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics (CNRS/INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Damir Janigro
- Flocel Inc. and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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