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Sangkanu S, Pitakbut T, Phoopha S, Khanansuk J, Chandarajoti K, Dej-adisai S. A Comparative Study of Chemical Profiling and Bioactivities between Thai and Foreign Hemp Seed Species ( Cannabis sativa L.) Plus an In-Silico Investigation. Foods 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38201083 PMCID: PMC10778124 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a plant widely used by humans for textiles, food, and medicine. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the chemical profiling of 12 hemp seed extracts from Thai (HS-TH) and foreign (HS-FS) samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their antibacterial activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assayed. Linoleic acid (17.63-86.53%) was a major component presented in Thai hemp seed extracts, while α,β-gluco-octonic acid lactone (30.39%), clionasterol (13.42-29.07%), and glyceryl-linoleate (15.12%) were detected as the main metabolites found in foreign hemp seed extracts. Furthermore, eight extracts from both Thai and foreign hemp seed exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes, with MIC values ranging from 128 to 2048 µg/mL. Interestingly, the ethanol extract of Thai hemp seed (HS-TH-2-M-E) showed superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 value of 33.27 ug/mL) over foreign species. The combination between Thai hemp species (HS-TH-2-M-E) and acarbose showed a synergistic effect against α-glucosidase. Furthermore, the docking investigation revealed that fatty acids had a greater impact on α-glucosidase than fatty acid esters and cannabinoids. The computational simulation predicts a potential allosteric binding pocket of guanosine on glucosidase and is the first description of gluco-octonic acid's anti-glucosidase activity in silico. The findings concluded that Thai hemp seed could be used as a resource for supplemental drugs or dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthinee Sangkanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Thanet Pitakbut
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, RIKEN-Center for Computational Science, Chuo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sathianpong Phoopha
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Jiraporn Khanansuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kasemsiri Chandarajoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
| | - Sukanya Dej-adisai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.K.)
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Kozlov O, Horáková E, Rademacherová S, Maliňák D, Andrýs R, Prchalová E, Lísa M. Direct Chiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Monoacylglycerol and Diacylglycerol Isomers for the Study of Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerols. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5109-5116. [PMID: 36893116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast and selective separation method of intact monoacylglycerol (MG) and diacylglycerol (DG) isomers using chiral supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) was developed and employed to study lipase selectivity in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TGs). The synthesis of 28 enantiomerically pure MG and DG isomers was performed in the first stage using the most commonly occurring fatty acids in biological samples such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids. To develop the SFC separation method, different chromatographic conditions such as column chemistry, mobile phase composition and gradient, flow rate, backpressure, and temperature were carefully assessed. Our SFC-MS method used a chiral column based on a tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivative of amylose and neat methanol as a mobile phase modifier, which provides baseline separation of all the tested enantiomers in 5 min. This method was used to evaluate hydrolysis selectivity of lipases from porcine pancreas (PPL) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) using nine TGs differing in acyl chain length (14-22 carbon atoms) and number of double bonds (0-6) and three DG regioisomer/enantiomers as hydrolysis intermediate products. PFL exhibited preference of the fatty acyl hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of TG more pronounced for the substrates with long polyunsaturated acyls, while PPL did not show considerable stereoselectivity to TGs. Conversely, PPL preferred hydrolysis from the sn-1 position of prochiral sn-1,3-DG regioisomer, whereas PFL exhibited no preference. Both lipases showed selectivity for the hydrolysis of outer positions of DG enantiomers. The results show complex reaction kinetics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis given by different stereoselectivities for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kozlov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Horáková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sára Rademacherová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dávid Maliňák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrýs
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Prchalová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Lísa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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