1
|
Sehner C, Bernier T, Blum K, Clemann N, Glogovac M, Hawkins WA, Kohan M, Linker F, Lovsin-Barle E, Osadolor O, Pfister T, Schulze E, Schwind M, Tuschl G, Wiesner L. Comparison of permitted daily exposure (PDE) values for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) - Evidence of a robust approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 150:105649. [PMID: 38782234 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Permitted Daily Exposure Limits (PDEs) are set for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) to control cross-contamination when manufacturing medicinal products in shared facilities. With the lack of official PDE lists for pharmaceuticals, PDEs have to be set by each company separately. Although general rules and guidelines for the setting of PDEs exist, inter-company variations in the setting of PDEs occur and are considered acceptable within a certain range. To evaluate the robustness of the PDE approach between different pharmaceutical companies, data on PDE setting of five marketed APIs (amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, morphine, and omeprazole) were collected and compared. Findings show that the variability between PDE values is within acceptable ranges (below 10-fold) for all compounds, with the highest difference for morphine due to different Point of Departures (PODs) and Adjustment Factors (AFs). Factors of PDE variability identified and further discussed are: (1) availability of data, (2) selection of POD, (3) assignment of AFs, (4) route-to-route extrapolation, and (5) expert judgement and differences in company policies. We conclude that the investigated PDE methods and calculations are robust and scientifically defensible. Additionally, we provide further recommendations to harmonize PDE calculation approaches across the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sehner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany.
| | - Tanja Bernier
- Abbott Laboratories GmbH, 31535, Neustadt Am Rübenberge, Germany
| | - Kamila Blum
- GlaxoSmithKline, Prinzregentenplatz 9, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - William A Hawkins
- SafeBridge Europe Ltd., 33 St Andrews Street South, Bury St Edmunds, IP33 3PH, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kohan
- SafeBridge Europe Ltd., 33 St Andrews Street South, Bury St Edmunds, IP33 3PH, Suffolk, United Kingdom
| | - Fenneke Linker
- Grünenthal GmbH, Zieglerstraße 6, 52078, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Osahon Osadolor
- AstraZeneca, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa Schulze
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Schwind
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, 65926, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gregor Tuschl
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lisa Wiesner
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Glattpark-Opfikon, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ponting DJ, Burns MJ, Foster RS, Hemingway R, Kocks G, MacMillan DS, Shannon-Little AL, Tennant RE, Tidmarsh JR, Yeo DJ. Use of Lhasa Limited Products for the In Silico Prediction of Drug Toxicity. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2425:435-478. [PMID: 35188642 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1960-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lhasa Limited have had a role in the in silico prediction of drug and other chemical toxicity for over 30 years. This role has always been multifaceted, both as a provider of predictive software such as Derek Nexus, and as an honest broker for the sharing of proprietary chemical and toxicity data. A changing regulatory environment and the drive for the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement (the 3Rs) of animal testing have led both to increased acceptance of in silico predictions and a desire for the sharing of data to reduce duplicate testing. The combination of these factors has led to Lhasa Limited providing a suite of products and coordinating numerous data-sharing consortia that do indeed facilitate a significant reduction in the testing burden that companies would otherwise be laboring under. Many of these products and consortia can be organized into workflows for specific regulatory use cases, and it is these that will be used to frame the narrative in this chapter.
Collapse
|