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Simon R, Kiener S, Thom N, Schäfer L, Müller J, Schlohsarczyk EK, Gärtner U, Herden C, Leeb T, Lühken G. Identification of an ADAMTS2 frameshift variant in a cat family with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad152. [PMID: 37462293 PMCID: PMC10468306 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated 4 European domestic shorthair kittens with skin lesions consistent with the dermatosparaxis type of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a connective tissue disorder. The kittens were sired by the same tomcat but were born by 3 different mothers. The kittens had easily torn skin resulting in nonhealing skin wounds. Both clinically and histologically, the skin showed thin epidermis in addition to inflammatory changes. Changes in collagen fibers were visible in electron micrographs. The complete genome of an affected kitten was sequenced. A one base pair duplication leading to a frameshift in the candidate gene ADAMTS2 was identified, p.(Ser235fs*3). All 4 affected cats carried the frameshift duplication in a homozygous state. Genotypes at this variant showed perfect cosegregation with the autosomal recessive Ehlers-Danlos syndrome phenotype in the available family. The mutant allele did not occur in 48 unrelated control cats. ADAMTS2 loss-of-function variants cause autosomal recessive forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in humans, mice, dogs, cattle, and sheep. The available evidence from our investigation together with the functional knowledge on ADAMTS2 in other species allows to classify the identified ADAMTS2 variant as pathogenic and most likely causative variant for the observed Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Simon
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Sarah Kiener
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Nina Thom
- Small Animal Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Laura Schäfer
- Small Animal Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Janina Müller
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Elfi K Schlohsarczyk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35385, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Gesine Lühken
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35390, Germany
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Quintavalla F, Di Lecce R, Carlini D, Zanfabro M, Cantoni AM. Multifocal cutaneous non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 6:2055116920972077. [PMID: 33414925 PMCID: PMC7750760 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920972077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary Skin tumours are the second-most common form of feline cancer after
haematopoietic neoplasms and are often malignant. Cutaneous lymphoma is
uncommon in cats and can be classified as epitheliotropic (typically of
T-cell origin) or non-epitheliotropic (either of T-cell or B-cell origin).
The present study describes a case of multifocal cutaneous
non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma. The skin nodules were multiple and
variable in size; showed rapid progression; were alopecic and erythematous
in appearance and pruritic and ulcerated; and were mostly located on the
trunk. Nodule biopsies revealed the presence of uniform medium-to-large
round neoplastic cells that infiltrated the dermis and subcutis. The
neoplasias were consistent with a round cell cutaneous tumour and did not
show evidence of epitheliotropism. Furthermore, immunohistochemical
assessments indicated an immunophenotype characterised by round cells with a
strong membrane and cytoplasmic positivity for the CD20 antigen, consistent
with a lymphocyte of B-cell origin. Relevance and novel information Cutaneous non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma in cats is rare and was
previously reported to appear as single dermal and subcutaneous masses that
are variable in size and generally develop in the tarsal region. To our
knowledge, this is the first report to describe multifocal cutaneous
non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Zanfabro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna M Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Bradley CW, Volk SW, Brisson RK, Mauldin EA. Wounds in a 14-year-old cat with diabetes mellitus. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:502-504. [PMID: 32886372 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca K Brisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mauldin
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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McKnight CN, Lew LJ, Gamble DA. Management and closure of multiple large cutaneous lesions in a juvenile cat with severe acquired skin fragility syndrome secondary to iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:210-214. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Furiani N, Porcellato I, Brachelente C. Reversible and cachexia-associated feline skin fragility syndrome in three cats. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:508-e121. [PMID: 28560784 PMCID: PMC7169296 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline skin fragility syndrome (FSFS) is an acquired disorder characterized by altered collagen production resulting in an extremely thin and fragile skin. FSFS is associated with diseases characterized by excessive steroidal hormones that can inhibit collagen synthesis. It is also described concomitantly with severe inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic conditions where the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe three cases of FSFS in cats that become cachectic secondary to different causes without glucocorticoid involvement. To describe the histopathological features of connective tissue for both fragile skin and the skin after healing. RESULTS All cats developed cachexia in less than two months (body condition score ranging from 1-1.5). Concomitant diseases were diagnosed in Case 1 (aspiration pneumonia due to mega-oesophagus) and Case 2 (feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)). In Case 3, malnutrition was suspected as a primary cause. The main histological feature of fragile skin was an atrophic dermis with pale eosinophilic, thin and irregular collagen fibres with numerous red cores observed with Masson's stain. Elastic fibres were normal. Postrecovery histopathological findings at 11 (Case 1) and six months (Case 3) after diagnosis, indicated normalization of the collagen and of the whole skin as compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing a reversible, nonsteroid-induced FSFS, associated with rapidly developing cachexia in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Furiani
- Studio di Dermatologia VeterinariaVia Morandi 7/COspedalicchio di Bastia UmbraPerugia06083Italy
- Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni RossiVia Roma 57Zola PredosaBologna40069Italy
| | - Ilaria Porcellato
- Department of Biopathological Sciences and Hygiene of Animal and Alimentary ProductionsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PerugiaVia San Costanzo 4Perugia06126Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Department of Biopathological Sciences and Hygiene of Animal and Alimentary ProductionsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PerugiaVia San Costanzo 4Perugia06126Italy
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Vogelnest LJ. Skin as a marker of general feline health: Cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:948-960. [PMID: 28838298 PMCID: PMC11128893 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17723246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Although most skin lesions occur due to diseases primarily affecting the skin, some reflect important systemic diseases. Such lesions may relate directly to the systemic disease, or may occur due to secondary skin diseases that develop because of immunosuppression. Early recognition of skin changes as a marker of systemic disease will maximise patient outcomes. Clinical challenges: In older or clearly debilitated cats presenting with skin disease, the potential for underlying systemic disease is often readily apparent. Similarly, cats presenting with severe ulcerative or multifocal nodular skin lesions, or with concurrent signs of systemic illness, will more instinctively prompt systemic evaluation. More challenging is the cat presenting with alopecic, scaling, erythemic and/or mildly crusted skin disease, with or without pruritus; hypersensitivities and infectious dermatoses are the most common considerations, but occasionally systemic disease underlies the skin changes. Knowing when screening laboratory testing, body imaging or other systemic diagnostics are indicated is not always straightforward. Evidence base: This article reviews cutaneous presentations of systemic diseases reported in the veterinary literature, and discusses important differential diagnoses. The author draws on clinical experience, published data on disease prevalence and case evaluations, and expert opinions on approach to common systemic problems to provide guidance on when investigation for underlying systemic disease is most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Vogelnest
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia, and Associate Lecturer, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hansen N, Foster SF, Burrows AK, Mackie J, Malik R. Cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos-like syndrome) of Burmese cats. J Feline Med Surg 2015; 17:954-63. [PMID: 26486982 PMCID: PMC10816250 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15610683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OF CASES A 6-month-old Burmese kitten developed focal skin lesions following a routine ovariohysterectomy. These were eventually attributed to the patient struggling during catheter placement and induction of anaesthesia. The lesions were caused by fluid extravasation in the subcutis and ischaemic necrosis of the overlying dermis, giving rise to an eschar-like appearance. Such lesions have been seen previously in Burmese cats with cutaneous asthenia and it is thought that they arise due to poor collagenous support for dermal blood vessels. An increased skin extensibility index (>23%) supported a diagnosis of cutaneous asthenia (Ehlers-Danlos-like syndrome), which has been reported as an inherited condition of Burmese cats in Australia, New Zealand and Europe. An additional Burmese cat with cutaneous asthenia is presented in detail, with lifetime follow-up and further salient observations by the owner, a veterinarian. Photographs of three other affected Burmese cats are provided to illustrate the range of presentations encountered with this condition. All five affected cats were presented with eschars, atrophic alopecia and increased skin extensibility, while one cat also had skin ulcers. Routine histopathological examination, including use of special stains such as trichrome, was unhelpful in establishing the diagnosis. CLINICAL REVIEW The clinical features of this genetic disease of Burmese cats are reviewed, especially in relation to the postulated 'vasculopathy' that gives rise to characteristic skin lesions. Long term management of this condition is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hansen
- Greencross Noosa Veterinary Clinic, 15 Hilton Terrace, Tewantin, QLD 4565, Australia
| | - Susan F Foster
- Vetnostics, 60 Waterloo Rd, North Ryde, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Amanda K Burrows
- Murdoch University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - John Mackie
- Vepalabs, 36 Balaclava St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, Building B22, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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