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MacNeill AL. Comparative Pathology of Zoonotic Orthopoxviruses. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080892. [PMID: 36015017 PMCID: PMC9412692 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides a brief history of the impacts that a human-specific Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), Variola virus, had on mankind, recalls how critical vaccination was for the eradication of this disease, and discusses the consequences of discontinuing vaccination against OPXV. One of these consequences is the emergence of zoonotic OPXV diseases, including Monkeypox virus (MPXV). The focus of this manuscript is to compare pathology associated with zoonotic OPXV infection in veterinary species and in humans. Efficient recognition of poxvirus lesions and other, more subtle signs of disease in multiple species is critical to prevent further spread of poxvirus infections. Additionally included are a synopsis of the pathology observed in animal models of MPXV infection, the recent spread of MPXV among humans, and a discussion of the potential for this virus to persist in Europe and the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Smith MAJ, Sloan KJ. Fatal necrotising bronchopneumonia in a cat due to cowpox virus infection in the absence of skin lesions. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ludwig L, Bohn J, Remy I, Haegeman A, Heimann M, Mauroy A, de Clercq K, Thiry E. Ulcerative pododermatitis and disseminated erosive lesions associated with cowpox virus infection in a domestic cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Ludwig
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesUniversity of LiegeFundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Center (FARAH)LiègeBelgium
| | - Jéromine Bohn
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Isabelle Remy
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Anatomie pathologie vétérinaire pour animaux de compagnie (ANAPET sprl)Rue du Faubourg, 269B‐6110Montigny‐le‐TilleulBelgium
| | - Marianne Heimann
- Anatomie pathologie vétérinaire pour animaux de compagnie (ANAPET sprl)Rue du Faubourg, 269B‐6110Montigny‐le‐TilleulBelgium
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesUniversity of LiegeFundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Center (FARAH)LiègeBelgium
| | - Kris de Clercq
- Unit Vesicular and Exotic DiseasesOperational Direction Viral DiseasesVeterinary and Agrochemical Research Center – VAR – CODA – CERVABrusselsBelgium
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic DiseasesUniversity of LiegeFundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Center (FARAH)LiègeBelgium
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Hobi S, Mueller RS, Hill M, Nitsche A, Löscher T, Guggemos W, Ständer S, Rjosk-Dendorfer D, Wollenberg A. Neurogenic inflammation and colliquative lymphadenitis with persistent orthopox virus DNA detection in a human case of cowpox virus infection transmitted by a domestic cat. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:535-9. [PMID: 25641516 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cowpox viruses are orthopoxviruses that may survive in the environment for years. Rodents are regarded as the primary hosts, but transmission to other species has been reported. This report describes a cowpox virus infection in a cat with subsequent transmission to its owner leading to protracted, atypical and severe clinical signs. A young cat presented with multiple crusts and plaques on the neck, muzzle and tail base. The owner developed an erythematous lesion with elevated margins, central necrosis and crust formation below the left breast, a neurogenic inflammation, enlarged regional lymph nodes, a colliquative lymphadenitis and concomitant flu-like symptoms. Cultures were taken at the first visit from the cat's lesional skin and the patient's skin, and polymerase chain reaction with sequencing of the haemagglutinin region of both were positive for cowpox virus. The patient was treated with various antibiotics and methylprednisolone and was in clinical remission after 7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hobi
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - R S Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - M Hill
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - A Nitsche
- Robert Koch Institute, Consultant Laboratory for Pox Virus, Centre for Biologic Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Löscher
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - W Guggemos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Schwabing Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - S Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - D Rjosk-Dendorfer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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