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Dib Ferreira Gremião I, Pereira-Oliveira GR, Pereira SA, Corrêa ML, Borba-Santos LP, Viçosa AL, Garg A, Haranahalli K, Dasilva D, Pereira de Sa N, Matos GS, Silva V, Lazzarini C, Fernandes CM, Miranda K, Artunduaga Bonilla JJ, Nunes AL, Nimrichter L, Ojima I, Mallamo J, McCarthy JB, Del Poeta M. Combination therapy of itraconazole and an acylhydrazone derivative (D13) for the treatment of sporotrichosis in cats. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0396723. [PMID: 38647345 PMCID: PMC11237696 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03967-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acylhydrazone (AH) derivatives represent a novel category of anti-fungal medications that exhibit potent activity against Sporothrix sp., both in vitro and in a murine model of sporotrichosis. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-fungal efficacy of the AH derivative D13 [4-bromo-N'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-benzohydrazide] against both planktonic cells and biofilms formed by Sporothrix brasiliensis. In a clinical study, the effect of D13 was then tested in combination with itraconazole (ITC), with or without potassium iodide, in 10 cats with sporotrichosis refractory to the treatment of standard of care with ITC. Improvement or total clinical cure was achieved in five cases after 12 weeks of treatment. Minimal abnormal laboratory findings, e.g., elevation of alanine aminotransferase, were observed in four cats during the combination treatment and returned to normal level within a week after the treatment was ended. Although highly encouraging, a larger and randomized controlled study is required to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of this new and exciting drug combination using ITC and D13 for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. IMPORTANCE This paper reports the first veterinary clinical study of an acylhydrazone anti-fungal (D13) combined with itraconazole against a dimorphic fungal infection, sporotrichosis, which is highly endemic in South America in animals and humans. Overall, the results show that the combination treatment was efficacious in ~50% of the infected animals. In addition, D13 was well tolerated during the course of the study. Thus, these results warrant the continuation of the research and development of this new class of anti-fungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Reis Pereira-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Lopes Corrêa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Lifsitch Viçosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacotechnics, Institute of Drug Technology – Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ashna Garg
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Krupanandan Haranahalli
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Deveney Dasilva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nivea Pereira de Sa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel S. Matos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Lazzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Mota Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Laboratory of Cellular Ultrastructure Hertha Meyer, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics and National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jhon Jhamilton Artunduaga Bonilla
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Glycobiology (LaGE), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Letícia Nunes
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Glycobiology (LaGE), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Glycobiology (LaGE), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John Mallamo
- MicroRid Technologies Inc., Dix Hills, New York, USA
| | | | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- MicroRid Technologies Inc., Dix Hills, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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2
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Reis EGD, Pereira SA, Miranda LHMD, Oliveira RDVCD, Quintana MDSB, Viana PG, Figueiredo ABF, Honorato CCDS, Pereira-Oliveira GR, Silva JN, Schubach TMP, Gremião IDF. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Itraconazole and a Combination Therapy with Itraconazole and Potassium Iodide for the Treatment of Feline Sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:101. [PMID: 38392773 PMCID: PMC10889782 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline sporotrichosis is an endemic disease with high occurrence in Brazil. Itraconazole (ITZ) remains the drug of choice for treating this disease in cats, despite the increasing reports of therapeutic failure. A controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed on 166 naive cats with sporotrichosis to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combination therapy with ITZ and potassium iodide (KI) compared with ITZ monotherapy. Cats were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: G1-ITZ 100 mg/cat/day-and G2-ITZ 100 mg/cat/day + KI 2.5-20 mg/kg/day. Cats treated in G2 presented 77% more risk of reaching a clinical cure (a positive effect) than those treated in G1, even when controlled by negative predictors. The survival curves of the two treatment protocols indicate that a clinical cure was achieved faster in G2. An increase in the KI dose was necessary in 28 cats due to the persistence of clinical signs. Adverse reactions were equally frequent in both groups and manageable with a temporary drug suspension and/or a hepatoprotective therapy. The combination therapy was associated with a higher cure rate and a shorter treatment time, suggesting that ITZ+KI arises as a better option for treating feline sporotrichosis and should be considered the first-line treatment, especially in the presence of negative predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Guerino Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcel de Souza Borges Quintana
- Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Paula Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Anna Barreto Fernandes Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Cindy Caroline Dos Santos Honorato
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Reis Pereira-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nunes Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria Pacheco Schubach
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
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3
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Gremião IDF, Miranda LHMD, Pereira-Oliveira GR, Menezes RC, Machado ACDS, Rodrigues AM, Pereira SA. Advances and challenges in the management of feline sporotrichosis. Rev Iberoam Micol 2022; 39:61-67. [PMID: 35840526 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic cat is the most susceptible host to Sporothrix infection, developing severe clinical forms. Few effective antifungal agents are available for treating feline sporotrichosis, and cases of treatment failure are common. Treatment success depends on cat health status, therapy-related factors, as well as social/economic issues, but it is mainly contingent upon the host-fungus interaction. The owner's adherence is critical and should be reinforced throughout the treatment to increase the chances of a successful outcome. The antifungal agents described for feline sporotrichosis are most often used in monotherapy regimens. Due to cases in which the treatment with itraconazole failed, the use of antifungal agents in combination should be considered to achieve synergy. The combination of itraconazole and potassium iodide represents an important option for the treatment of naïve cats presenting multiple cutaneous lesions, nasal mucosal lesions and/or respiratory signs, as well as for refractory cases. However, the therapeutic options for unsuccessfully treated cases are scarce. Therefore new options are needed, even more taking into account that there are many in vitro potential molecules not available for use in cats yet. More studies are necessary to correlate in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests results and the outcome of cats treated due to sporotrichosis. This review will briefly discuss both the antifungal drugs and treatment protocols used in cats with sporotrichosis, as well as the determinants of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Gabriela Reis Pereira-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Caldas Menezes
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline de Sá Machado
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Santi JP, Santos CRGR, dos Santos AS, Souza HJM. Intranasal clotrimazole spray 1% associated with oral itraconazole for nasal feline sporotrichosis: a case series. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022; 44:e004821. [PMID: 35749092 PMCID: PMC9179194 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline sporotrichosis is a major clinical problem among cats in Brazil and is also a neglected, but important, public health issue, due to its zoonotic potential. The nasal clinical form of the disease is particularly challenging, having treatment refractoriness and clinical signs relapse as common features. This case series study aimed to preliminarily describe the effects of the azolic antifungal drug, clotrimazole, as a topical 1% solution spray, together with per os itraconazole on inducing disease remission, as well as treatment tolerability and safety. Medical records of the Feline Medicine Service from the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro were reviewed, and 7 feline patients met the inclusion criteria (confirmatory diagnostic reached, available follow-up records, and use of intranasal clotrimazole 1% solution -1 spray per nostril every 24 hours- as adjunctive therapy to itraconazole - 100 mg/cat per os every 24 hours). Among these, 4 had a history of treatment refractoriness done until then. Follow-up records included clinical evaluation, along with complementary tests and owner reports on tolerability and occurrence of adverse reactions. All patients have undergone clinical remission within 60 days. Tolerability were satisfactory, and adverse reactions were only found on complementary tests (hepatic enzyme elevation), without clinical repercussion. The intranasal use of 1% clotrimazole solution has shown as a promising adjunctive therapy to itraconazole for feline nasal sporotrichosis, even in previous refractory cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Possebon Santi
- Veterinarian, Resident, Programa de Residência em Medicina Veterinária – Clínica Médica dos Gatos Domésticos. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária (DMCV), Instituto de Veterinária (IV), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
- Correspondence Julia Possebon Santi Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Campus Universitário, Bairro Zona Rural CEP 23897-000 - Seropédica (RJ), Brasil E-mail:
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5
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Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato is currently recognized as a species complex with only Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa and Sporothrix pallida identified to cause disease in the cat. Feline sporotrichosis in Asia is mainly reported from Malaysia where a single clonal strain of clinical clade D, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto manifesting low susceptibility to major antifungal classes, has been identified as the agent of the disease. Sporothrix globosa has been identified to cause disease from a single cat in Japan while the specific species of agent has not been identified yet for the disease in Thailand. Despite efforts to elucidate and describe the pathogenicity of the agent and the disease it causes, the paucity of data highlights the need for further molecular epidemiological studies to characterize this fungus and the disease it causes in Asia. Its prognosis remains guarded to poor due to issues pertaining to cost, protracted treatment course, zoonotic potential and low susceptibility of some strains to antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Siew Han
- Vetderm Animal Skin and Ear Specialist Clinic, 9-1 JLN 23/70A, Plaza Crystalville 1, Desa Sri Hartamas, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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Gremião IDF, Martins da Silva da Rocha E, Montenegro H, Carneiro AJB, Xavier MO, de Farias MR, Monti F, Mansho W, de Macedo Assunção Pereira RH, Pereira SA, Lopes-Bezerra LM. Guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and literature revision. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:107-124. [PMID: 32990922 PMCID: PMC7966609 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein present a Brazilian guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis, a mycosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. This guideline is an effort of a national technical group organized by the Working Group on Sporothrix and Sporotrichosis of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM). This publication intends to provide information on clinical-epidemiological aspects of this zoonosis, as well as a literature revision. Moreover, it gives some practical information on diagnosis and treatment of feline sporotrichosis. It also contains information that can be helpful for the prevention and control of S. brasiliensis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Hildebrando Montenegro
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Zoonoses, Divisão de Vigilância de Zoonoses (COVISA/SMS/PMSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aroldo José Borges Carneiro
- Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Salvador (SMS), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva (ISC), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Laboratório de Micologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Monti
- Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Wilson Mansho
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ), Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro. Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- BIDiagnostics, Centro de Inovação, Empreendedorismo e Tecnologia (CIETEC)/Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ma J, Yu X, Lv J, Lin D, Lin J, Bai Y, Wang Y, Li X, Dong J. Cryotherapy mediates histopathological and microstructural changes during the treatment of skin and subcutaneous tumors in dogs. Cryobiology 2020; 98:164-171. [PMID: 33248049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of cryotherapy on skin and subcutaneous tumors in dogs were retrospectively studied in 20 dogs with 37 tumor lesions, of which 30 were benign and seven were malignant. Our results showed that during follow-up, 94.5% of lesions were completely exfoliated, without relapse or metastasis (mean time = 245.7 days). To investigate the effects of cryotherapy, we compared histopathological observations and microstructural changes in healthy tissues and tumor tissues, before and after cryotherapy. After cryotherapy, both normal skin and tumor tissue exhibited edema and hyperemia, with inflammatory cell infiltration. The cell nuclei exhibited pyknosis, disintegration and necrosis, and tight junctions were decreased in size. Cell morphology was varied, along with fragmented cell nuclear envelopes, crenulated nuclei and indistinct and necrotic intracellular organelles. Vacuoles were apparent in the cytoplasm and intercellular desmosomes were absent. These observations suggested that cryosurgery inhibited skin and subcutaneous tumors via cold-induced injury to cells, and cellular microenvironment changes induced by apoptosis. The results suggested that cryosurgery prevented skin and subcutaneous tumors via cold-induced injury to cells, and cellular microenvironment changes induced by apoptosis. We believe these data will provide general cryotherapy guidance to scientists and veterinary surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiquan Ma
- Gateway Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbao Lv
- Beijing Jiachong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Degui Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Rossow JA, Queiroz-Telles F, Caceres DH, Beer KD, Jackson BR, Pereira JG, Ferreira Gremião ID, Pereira SA. A One Health Approach to Combatting Sporothrix brasiliensis: Narrative Review of an Emerging Zoonotic Fungal Pathogen in South America. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E247. [PMID: 33114609 PMCID: PMC7712324 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has become a major public health concern and presents a distinct divergence from the traditional epidemiology of sporotrichosis. This emerging fungal pathogen spreads readily among cat populations, and human infections occur exclusively via zoonotic transmission. While sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis that typically manifests as cutaneous lesions in humans and cats, severe extracutaneous manifestations are more common with S. brasiliensis than other Sporothrix species infections. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment regimens are critical for successful clinical resolution of sporotrichosis in both cats and humans. Species-level identification of Sporothrix is possible with molecular diagnostics and necessary for tracking the geographic expansion of S. brasiliensis and better understanding its epidemiology. Combatting cat-transmitted sporotrichosis requires a One Health approach to successfully implement public health control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Rossow
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.R.); (D.H.C.); (K.D.B.)
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Flavio Queiroz-Telles
- Department of Public Health, Hospital de Cíinicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 82015-154, Brazil;
| | - Diego H. Caceres
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.R.); (D.H.C.); (K.D.B.)
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboudumc/CWZ, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karlyn D. Beer
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.R.); (D.H.C.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Brendan R. Jackson
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.A.R.); (D.H.C.); (K.D.B.)
| | - Jose Guillermo Pereira
- Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, National Leprosy Control Program, National Directorate of Health Surveillance, Dermatology Specialty Center, San Lorenzo 2160, Paraguay;
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.D.F.G.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (I.D.F.G.); (S.A.P.)
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9
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Rodrigues AM, Della Terra PP, Gremião ID, Pereira SA, Orofino-Costa R, de Camargo ZP. The threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogenic Sporothrix species. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:813-842. [PMID: 32052359 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a neglected subcutaneous mycosis of humans and animals acquired by traumatic inoculation of soil and plant material (classical route) contaminated with infectious propagules of the pathogen or being bitten/scratched by infected cats (alternative route). Within a genus composed of 53 species displaying an essentially environmental core, there are only a few members which have considerable impacts on human or animal health. Infections are typically caused by S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii or S. globosa. Rare mammal pathogens include members of the S. pallida and S. stenocereus complexes. To illustrate the tremendous impact of emerging zoonotic sporotrichosis on public health, we discuss the main features of the expanding epidemics driven by S. brasiliensis in cats and humans. The cat entry in the transmission chain of sporotrichosis, causing epizooties (cat-cat) or zoonosis (cat-human), has contributed to the definition of new paradigms in Sporothrix transmission, reaching epidemic levels, making the disease a serious public health problem. Indeed, S. brasiliensis infection in humans and animals is likely to become even more important in the future, with projections of its expansion in biogeographic domains and host range, as well as greater virulence in mammals. Therefore, lessons from a long-standing outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro about the source and distribution of the etiological agents among outbreak areas can be used to create better control and prevention plans and increase awareness of sporotrichosis as a serious emerging zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Paula Portella Della Terra
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane Orofino-Costa
- Dermatology Department, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCM-UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
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Oliveira AH, de Oliveira GG, Carnevale Neto F, Portuondo DF, Batista-Duharte A, Carlos IZ. Anti-inflammatory activity of Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. extracts and antifungal activity against Sporothrix schenckii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:266-274. [PMID: 27856302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. is traditionally used in North and Northeast of Brazil for the treatment of dermatomycoses. Since the strategy associating immunomodulators with antifungal drugs seems to be promissory to improve the treatment efficacy in fungal infections, we aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of V. guianensis ethanolic extract of leaves (VGL) and bark (VGB) against Sporothrix schenckii ATCC 16345 and their antinflammatory activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-IT MS/MS for in situ identification of major compounds. Antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro (microdilution test) and in vivo using a murine model of S. schenckii infection. The production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 by measured by ELISA, as well as measured the production and inhibition of the NO after treatment with the plant extracts or itraconazole (ITR). RESULTS Two O-glucosyl-flavonoids and 16 prenylated benzophenone derivatives already described for Vismia were detected. Both VGL and VGB showed significant antifungal activity either in in vitro assay of microdilution (MIC=3.9µg/mL) and in vivo model of infection with reduction of S. schenckii load in spleen. It was also observed a predominance of reduction in the production of NO and the proinflammatory cytokines evaluated except TNFα, but with stimulation of IL-10, as evidence of a potential anti-inflammatory effect associated. CONCLUSION The results showed that both VGL and VGB have a significant antifungal against S. schenckii and an anti-inflammatory activity. These results can support the use of these extracts for alternative treatment of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1 -s/n -CEP: 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - G G de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Riberão Preto, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Departamento de Física e Química, Riberão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F Carnevale Neto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Riberão Preto, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Departamento de Física e Química, Riberão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - D F Portuondo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1 -s/n -CEP: 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - A Batista-Duharte
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1 -s/n -CEP: 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - I Z Carlos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1 -s/n -CEP: 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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