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Rolph KE, Ryan J, Yool D, Liuti T. Resolution of megaesophagus after correction of a paraesophageal hernia. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231199451. [PMID: 37841898 PMCID: PMC10576422 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231199451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 6-year-old female Siamese cat presented with an 8-week history of vomiting and progressive hyporexia. On presentation, the cat was found to have a hypochloremic alkalosis. Imaging demonstrated hiatal hernia and megaesophagus. Exploratory laparotomy demonstrated a paraesophageal hiatal hernia. The hernia was reduced, phrenoplasty and esophagopexy were performed, and a gastrotomy tube was placed. Treatment of the hernia led to resolution of the megaesophagus. Relevance and novel information Megaesophagus can occur secondarily to paraesophageal hernia in the cat. In this case, correction of the paraesophageal hernia led to complete resolution of the esophageal dilation and all associated clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Rolph
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - John Ryan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Tiziana Liuti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
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Erger CG, Gerras AL, Conley AJ, Gilor C, Burns DeMarle K, Refsal KR, Fleming JM, Sledge DG, Langlois DK. Case report: Androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors in eight cats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158142. [PMID: 37383353 PMCID: PMC10293747 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine marking, aggression, and other behavioral concerns are common reasons for cat owners to seek veterinary care. Empiric treatment for lower urinary tract disease or primary behavior disorders are commonly pursued, especially in those cases with normal routine laboratory evaluations. Herein, we report the clinicopathologic findings in eight sexually altered cats that were diagnosed with androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors. Nearly all cats (n = 7) initially were evaluated for inappropriate urination and pungent urine, with additional behavioral concerns including aggression (n = 3) and excess vocalization (n = 4) commonly reported. Penile barbs (n = 5) were identified in all five male cats, and an enlarged clitoris was observed in one female cat. Testing of serum androgen concentrations revealed abnormally high androstenedione (n = 1) or testosterone (n = 7) concentrations. In the five cases with available adrenal tissue, histopathologic evaluation identified either an adrenocortical adenoma (n = 3) or adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 2). Hormonal abnormalities resolved and clinical signs improved in the four cats that underwent surgical adrenalectomy, with each of these cats surviving >1 year. However, clinical signs were minimally impacted with medical treatments, including one cat in which trilostane treatment failed to improve clinical signs or testosterone concentrations. This collection of cases underscores the importance of a detailed physical examination as well as the consideration of endocrine disturbances in cats undergoing evaluation for inappropriate urination or aggression. Furthermore, this report adds to the growing body of evidence that sex-hormone secreting adrenal tumors in cats may be an under-recognized syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caylen G. Erger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Allison L. Gerras
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alan J. Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chen Gilor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Karah Burns DeMarle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kent R. Refsal
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Dodd G. Sledge
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel K. Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Oliveira J, Dias MJ, Fontes AP, Englar RE, Vicente G, Ferreira RL, Galac S, Leal RO. Ultrasonographic Detected Adrenomegaly in Clinically Ill Cats: A Retrospective Study. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080420. [PMID: 36006335 PMCID: PMC9413254 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of ultrasonographic detected adrenomegaly in clinically ill cats, evaluating the final established diagnosis, describe adrenal ultrasound findings and if the adrenomegaly was suspected or incidental. Abdominal ultrasonography reports of cats presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital between October 2018 and February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Cats showing adrenomegaly (one or both glands having a dorsoventral axis >4.8 mm) were selected and medical records respectively evaluated. Nine-hundred and eighty-three ultrasonographical reports were selected, of which, 68 (7%) disclosed adrenomegaly. European/Domestic Short-Hair (62/68; 91%) male (44/68; 65%) castrated (35/44; 80%) cats were overrepresented. Adrenomegaly was an incidental finding in 62/68 (91%) cats while in 6/68 (9%) it was identified in the context of investigating a potential adrenal disease. Concerning established diagnosis, chronic kidney disease was overrepresented (25/68; 37%), followed by endocrinopathies (20/68; 29%). Adrenomegaly was bilateral in 53% (36/68) of cases. In unilateral cases (32/68; 47%), it was more prevalent on the left side (23/32; 72%), with a normal-sized contralateral adrenal gland. Left adrenal demonstrated a larger size and a tendency to oval shape. This study assesses the prevalence of adrenomegaly in clinically ill cats, reinforcing it can be an incidental ultrasound finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Oliveira
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Joana Dias
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Fontes
- School of Healthcare, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ryane E. Englar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, 1580 E Hanley Blvd., Oro Valley, AZ 85737, USA
| | - Gonçalo Vicente
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Lemos Ferreira
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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