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Borghi A, Guarneri F, Pacetti L, Donelli I, Schettini N, Ravara D, Montesi L, Corazza M. Does sensitive skin lie in epidermal barrier impairment or abnormalities? Results from an observational study assessing biophysical parameters. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:349-356. [PMID: 38635324 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.24.07714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of sensitive skin is largely unknown and no univocal data on the role of the epidermal barrier impairment have been identified. The aim of this study was to assess whether subjects with or without sensitive skin differ for some biophysical skin parameters, which reflect skin barrier integrity or skin hyperactivity. METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study included adult volunteers not affected with chronic inflammatory skin diseases who attended the Unit of Dermatology and the Center of Cosmetology of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, between March 2021 and November 2022. All subjects, subdivided into those with or without sensitive skin, based on either Lactic Acid Stinging Test (LAST) result or a questionnaire-based skin sensitivity score ≥4, were tested for transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity and hydrations and dermographism. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven subjects were included. No significant differences in terms of TEWL, elasticity and hydration levels were recorded between subjects with sensitive skin and those without, subdivided according to both the LAST result and the questionnaire score. Dermographism was elicited more in subjects with sensitive skin than in the others, although without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The study failed to find significant biophysical differences between sensitive and non-sensitive skin. Therefore, the role of skin barrier impairment does not appear to be a necessary condition in determining an abnormal skin sensitivity to potentially unpleasant and irritating stimuli. These findings indirectly support the relevance of a peripheral sensory neural hyperactivity in the pathophysiology of sensitive skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghi
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pacetti
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
| | - Irene Donelli
- Center of Cosmetology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natale Schettini
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ravara
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leda Montesi
- Center of Cosmetology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Lee S, Rim YA, Kim J, Lee SH, Park HJ, Kim H, Ahn SJ, Ju JH. Guidelines for Manufacturing and Application of Organoids: Skin. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:182-193. [PMID: 38783680 PMCID: PMC11170114 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the limitations of animal testing, scientific research is increasingly focused on developing alternative testing methods. These alternative tests utilize cells or tissues derived from animals or humans for in vitro testing, as well as artificial tissues and organoids. In western countries, animal testing for cosmetics has been banned, leading to the adoption of artificial skin for toxicity evaluation, such as skin corrosion and irritation assessments. Standard guidelines for skin organoid technology becomes necessary to ensure consistent data and evaluation in replacing animal testing with in vitro methods. These guidelines encompass aspects such as cell sourcing, culture techniques, quality requirements and assessment, storage and preservation, and organoid-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Organoid Standards Initiative
- Kangstem Biotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- Catholic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Center (CiSTEM), Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Su Hyon Lee
- Organoid Standards Initiative
- Biosolution Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Organoid Standards Initiative
- CellinCells, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyounwoo Kim
- CellinCells, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Ahn
- Organoid Standards Initiative
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- Organoid Standards Initiative
- Catholic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Center (CiSTEM), Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- YiPSCELL Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Di Lorenzo R, Maisto M, Ricci L, Piccolo V, Marzocchi A, Greco G, Tenore GC, Laneri S. Annurca Apple Oleolite as Functional Ingredient for the Formulation of Cosmetics with Skin-Antiaging Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1677. [PMID: 38338954 PMCID: PMC10855134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of natural remedies for the management of the skin aging process is an increasingly growing issue. In this context, ursolic acid (UA), a ubiquitous molecule, mainly contained in Annurca apple (AA) fruit, has demonstrated valuable cosmetic potential. To this end, in the current study, the AA oleolite (AAO, extract in sunflower oil containing 784.40 ± 7.579 µg/mL of UA) was evaluated to inhibit porcine elastase enzymatic reactions through a validated spectrophotometric method. AAO has shown a valuable capacity to contrast the elastase enzyme with a calculated IC50 of 212.76 mg/mL, in comparison to UA (IC50 of 135.24 μg/mL) pure molecules and quercetin (IC50 of 72.47 μg/mL) which are used as positive controls. In this context and in view of the valuable antioxidant potential of AAO, its topical formulation with 2.5% (w/w) AAO was tested in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-arm clinical study on 40 volunteers. Our results indicated that after 28 days of treatment, a significant reduction of the nasolabial fold (-7.2 vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001) and forehead wrinkles (-5.3 vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001) were registered in combination with a valuable improvement of the viscoelastic skin parameters, where skin pliability/firmness (R0) and gross elasticity (R2) were significantly ameliorated (-13% vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001 for R0 and +12% vs. baseline T0, p < 0.001 for R2). Finally, considering the positive correlation between skin elasticity and hydration, the skin moisture was evaluated through the estimation of Trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritamaria Di Lorenzo
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Maisto
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Lucia Ricci
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Adua Marzocchi
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Giovanni Greco
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- ChimNutra Labs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (A.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- RD Cosmetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.); (S.L.)
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Yuceler Kacmaz H, Kahraman H, Cinar SL, Ozkan F. Skin properties associated with skin tears in older adults: A case-control study. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:585-589. [PMID: 37839901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world population is growing rapidly and skin problems such as skin tears (STs) are more common in aging skin due to changes in the epidermis and dermis. Identification of ageing related skin properties, which are risk factors for STs, is essential for the development of ST prevention protocols. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reveal the skin properties related to epidermal function and dermal associated with STs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted with a sample of 36 older adults, 18 participants with ST and 18 participants without ST, in two elderly care centers. Tewameter TM 210 was used to measure transepidermal water loss, the Sebumeter SM810 was used to measure sebum, and Cutometer Dual MPA 580 was used to measure skin viscoelasticity (R0-R9). The differences of skin properties between groups were analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The case group had a mean age of 77,17 ± 9,7 and the control group had a mean age of 75,33 ± 6,8. It was determined that there were more ecchymosis (p < 0.000), hematoma (p = 0.008), and ST history (p = 0.001) in the case group. Older adults in the case group were more frail than the control group (p = 0.044). Regarding the score of the skin properties, the case group showed that the TEWL levels of the older adults in the case group were lower (p = 0.031) compared to the control groups. There was a significant difference between the groups and R0, R2, R5, and R7. While R0 was higher in the case group, R2, R5, and R7 were lower than the control group. CONCLUSION Older adults with ST showed differences in skin properties compared to those without ST, especially transepidermal water loss, and viscoelasticity (R0, R2, R5, R7). The results of this study suggest that some changes in skin properties may be a risk factor for STs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yuceler Kacmaz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Kahraman
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Salih Levent Cinar
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Ozkan
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Banov D, Carvalho M, Schwartz S, Frumento R. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study evaluating the effects of two facial serums on skin aging. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13522. [PMID: 38009023 PMCID: PMC10667605 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin aging is a natural process that occurs because of oxidative stress. Facial skin aging is often concerning for individuals due to the exposure of the face. OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the effects of two anti-aging facial serums on the following characteristics associated with facial skin aging: fine lines/wrinkles, age spots, firmness, elasticity, texture, radiance, tone, lifting, clarity, and complexion. METHODS A 24-week, double-blind controlled study was conducted on 130 participants who were randomized into two groups: facial serum with Liposomal Blend and facial serum without Liposomal Blend. Clinical evaluations (Visual Analog Scale) and instrumental evaluations (Cutometer, SIAscope, and Clarity Pro image analysis) were performed at weeks 0 (baseline), 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 to assess for changes in skin aging characteristics. RESULTS A total of 123 participants completed the study; participants that used the facial serum with Liposomal Blend had significantly greater improvements in skin aging characteristics compared to those that used the facial serum without Liposomal Blend. This study shows that Liposomal Blend is a vehicle with the ability to enhance the anti-aging properties of the ingredients within the facial serum by facilitating its delivery into the underlying layers of the skin. Higher concentration of ingredients at the site of action could potentially lead to greater damage repair and improvements in signs of facial skin aging. CONCLUSION By using Liposomal Blend, practitioners and pharmacists could potentially improve the delivery of the ingredients within their formulations into the skin, which may lead to increased treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Banov
- Research and Development (R&D)Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Maria Carvalho
- Research and Development (R&D)Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
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Budai L, Budai M, Fülöpné Pápay ZE, Szalkai P, Niczinger NA, Kijima S, Sugibayashi K, Antal I, Kállai-Szabó N. Viscoelasticity of Liposomal Dispersions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2340. [PMID: 37630925 PMCID: PMC10459094 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Janus-faced viscoelastic gelling agents-possessing both elastic and viscous characteristics-provide materials with unique features including strengthening ability under stress and a liquid-like character with lower viscosities under relaxed conditions. The mentioned multifunctional character is manifested in several body fluids such as human tears, synovial liquids, skin tissues and mucins, endowing the fluids with a special physical resistance property that can be analyzed by dynamic oscillatory rheology. Therefore, during the development of pharmaceutical or cosmetical formulations-with the intention of mimicking the physiological conditions-rheological studies on viscoelasticity are strongly recommended and the selection of viscoelastic preparations is highlighted. In our study, we aimed to determine the viscoelasticity of various liposomal dispersions. We intended to evaluate the impact of lipid concentration, the presence of cholesterol or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and the gelling agents polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) on the viscoelasticity of vesicular systems. Furthermore, the effect of two model drugs (phenyl salicylate and caffeine) on the viscoelastic behavior of liposomal systems was studied. Based on our measurements, the oscillation rheological properties of the liposomal formulations were influenced both by the composition and the lamellarity/size of the lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Marianna Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Zsófia Edit Fülöpné Pápay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Petra Szalkai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Noémi Anna Niczinger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Shosho Kijima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenji Sugibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.)
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Nikolett Kállai-Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
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Budai L, Budai M, Fülöpné Pápay ZE, Vilimi Z, Antal I. Rheological Considerations of Pharmaceutical Formulations: Focus on Viscoelasticity. Gels 2023; 9:469. [PMID: 37367140 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling rheological properties offers the opportunity to gain insight into the physical characteristics, structure, stability and drug release rate of formulations. To better understand the physical properties of hydrogels, not only rotational but also oscillatory experiments should be performed. Viscoelastic properties, including elastic and viscous properties, are measured using oscillatory rheology. The gel strength and elasticity of hydrogels are of great importance for pharmaceutical development as the application of viscoelastic preparations has considerably expanded in recent decades. Viscosupplementation, ophthalmic surgery and tissue engineering are just a few examples from the wide range of possible applications of viscoelastic hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid, alginate, gellan gum, pectin and chitosan are remarkable representatives of gelling agents that attract great attention applied in biomedical fields. This review provides a brief summary of rheological properties, highlighting the viscoelasticity of hydrogels with great potential in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsófia Vilimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
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Aung NN, Pengnam S, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T, Patrojanasophon P, Opanasopit P, Pamornpathomkul B. Fabrication of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-K90/Eudragit RL100-based dissolving microneedle patches loaded with alpha-arbutin and resveratrol for skin depigmentation. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37183632 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00132f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-arbutin (AA) and resveratrol (Res) are widely used in skin-lightening products. However, current topical formulations have minimal skin-lightening effects due to the low absorption and poor solubility of these active compounds. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of using dissolving microneedle (DMN) patches to improve the delivery of AA and Res for skin depigmentation. The DMN patches (F0-F3) fabricated from polyvinyl pyrrolidone-K90 (PVP-K90)/Eudragit RL100 blends successfully penetrated excised porcine skin and showed sufficient mechanical strength to resist compression forces. Loading DMNs with 10% AA and 2% Res at a ratio of 5 : 1 (F3) resulted in a synergistic interaction between the drugs with desirable dissolving ability, drug loading, and stability. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the use of F3 DMN patches successfully enhanced the intradermal delivery of AA and Res over a 24 h period, with the delivered amount being higher (∼2.6 times) than that provided by a cream formulation (P < 0.05). After removing the DMN patches, the mice's skin was spontaneously and completely resealed within 12 h. In clinical studies, F3 DMN patches slightly decreased the melanin index of the participants without causing skin irritation or erythema at any time during the 24 h period when the patches were applied (P < 0.05). Moreover, application of the patches for 24 h was not found to affect skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, or skin elasticity. Therefore, AA/Res-loaded DMN patches could offer a promising approach for the effective local delivery of cosmetic agents for skin depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nway Nway Aung
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
- Pharmaceutical Factory, Kyaukse, Myanmar
| | - Supusson Pengnam
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Boonnada Pamornpathomkul
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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Vathulya M, Rao S, Malik A, Sinha S, Kumar N, Kapoor A, Bahurupi Y. Is "Initial Size of the Graft the Real Culprit behind Primary Contraction of Full-Thickness Skin Graft"? - A Cross-Sectional Study. Arch Plast Surg 2023; 50:106-115. [PMID: 36755654 PMCID: PMC9902097 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary contraction of full-thickness graft has been traditionally quoted to be 40%. There are lacunae in literature to elaborate on the factors influencing it ever since. Methods About 75 subjects who underwent full-thickness grafting procedures to resurface small defects were included in the study. The initial and final graft dimensions after primary contraction were traced on X-ray templates and the percentage of contraction was evaluated using the graphical method. This was further correlated with age, collagen, elastic matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and -2 content along with dermal thickness of the skin specimen sent from the graft. Results The primary contraction of the graft had a very significant correlation only with the initial size of graft harvested with a linear regression of 33.3% and a Spearman's correlation of 0.587 significant at a p -value of 0.001. Conclusion This study though preliminary tries to highlight an important factor that primary contraction of grafts is a physical phenomenon independent of its contents like collagen, elastin, or MMP-1 and -2 or age and dependent on its initial size of harvest instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubari Vathulya
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,Address for correspondence Madhubari Vathulya, MS, MCh Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikesh 249203, UttarakhandIndia
| | - Shalinee Rao
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akanksha Malik
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Smita Sinha
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nikhilesh Kumar
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akshay Kapoor
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Chopin-Doroteo M, Krötzsch E. Soap or alcohol-based products? The effect of hand hygiene on skin characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:347-353. [PMID: 36409429 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different strategies for hand skin hygiene have been used to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, frequent hand sanitization has been associated with skin damage. The present study aimed to evaluate hand hygiene habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of the repetitive use of soap or alcohol-based products on skin characteristics. METHODS We conducted a survey regards hand hygiene habits acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, we performed cutometry in a cohort of individuals who cleansed their volar forearms every 30 min, during 4 h, using soap or alcohol-based products. RESULTS We received 138 responses from people with medium-high educational level who reported a 2.5-time increase in the frequency of hand cleansing (p < 0.0001) that resulted in skin damage. An in vivo analysis of skin moisture and elasticity was also performed among 19 health workers and students. In general, skin moisture decreased with every cleansing, mainly after 2 h of washing with soap (p < 0.01), while skin elasticity only reduced after 4 h of treatment (p < 0.05). Alcohol-based solution or alcohol-based gel (70% ethanol, both) did not affect skin moisture or elasticity during testing. CONCLUSION It is known that the excessive use of soap or alcohol-based products causes dermatological issues. The present study demonstrates that non-medicated soap significantly affects skin moisture and elasticity, probably because the soap removes the hydrolipidic protective barrier, favoring transepidermal water loss, where the lack of the appropriate stratum corneum hydration also affects skin elasticity, mainly associated with changes in epidermal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Chopin-Doroteo
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Krötzsch
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
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Tackling the challenges of developing microneedle-based electrochemical sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Patiño Vargas MI, Martinez-Garcia FD, Offens F, Becerra NY, Restrepo LM, van der Mei HC, Harmsen MC, van Kooten TG, Sharma PK. Viscoelastic properties of plasma-agarose hydrogels dictate favorable fibroblast responses for skin tissue engineering applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212967. [PMID: 35882126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermal wound healing relies on the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, hydrogels that replicate skin ECM have reached clinical application. After a dermal injury, a transient, biodegradable fibrin clot is instrumental in wound healing. Human plasma, and its main constituent, fibrin would make a suitable biomaterial for improving wound healing and processed as hydrogels albeit with limited mechanical strength. To overcome this, plasma-agarose (PA) composite hydrogels have been developed and used to prepare diverse bioengineered tissues. To date, little is known about the influence of variable agarose concentrations on the viscoelastic properties of PA hydrogels and their correlation to cell biology. This study reports the characterization of the viscoelastic properties of different concentrations of agarose in PA hydrogels: 0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 % (w/v), and their influence on the cell number and mitochondrial activity of human dermal fibroblasts. Results show that agarose addition increased the stiffness, relaxation time constants 1 (τ1) and 2 (τ2), and fiber diameter, whereas the porosity decreased. Changes in cell metabolism occurred at the early stages of culturing and correlated to the displacement of fast (τ1) and intermediate (τ2) Maxwell elements. Fibroblasts seeded in low PA concentrations spread faster during 14 d than cells cultured in higher agarose concentrations. Collectively, these results confirm that PA viscoelasticity and hydrogel architecture strongly influenced cell behavior. Therefore, viscoelasticity is a key parameter in the design of PA-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Patiño Vargas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands; Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Freya Offens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Y Becerra
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz M Restrepo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G van Kooten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Abbas DB, Lavin CV, Fahy EJ, Griffin M, Guardino N, King M, Chen K, Lorenz PH, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT, Momeni A, Wan DC. Standardizing Dimensionless Cutometer Parameters to Determine In Vivo Elasticity of Human Skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:297-310. [PMID: 34470542 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Skin fibrosis places an enormous burden on patients and society, but disagreement exists over methods to quantify severity of skin scarring. A suction cutometer measures skin elasticity in vivo, but it has not been widely adopted because of inconsistency in data produced. We investigated variability of several dimensionless parameters generated by the cutometer to improve their precision and accuracy. Approach: Twenty adult human subjects underwent suction cutometer measurement of normal skin (NS) and fibrotic scars (FS). Using Mode 1, each subject underwent five trials with each trial containing four curves. R0/2/5/6/7 and Q1/2/3 data were collected. Analyses were performed on these calculated parameters. Results: R0/2/5/6/7 and Q1/2 parameters from curves 1 to 4 demonstrated significant differences, whereas these same parameters were not significantly different when only using curves 2-4. Individual analysis of all parameters between curve 1 and every subsequent curve was statistically significant for R0, R2, R5, R6, R7, Q1, and Q2. No differences were appreciated for parameter Q3. Comparison between NS and FS were significantly different for parameters R5, Q1, and Q3. Innovation: Our study is the first demonstration of accurate comparison between NS and FS using the dimensionless parameters of a suction cutometer. Conclusions: Measured parameters from the first curve of each trial were significantly different from subsequent curves for both NS and FS. Precision and reproducibility of data from dimensionless parameters can therefore be improved by removing the first curve. R5, Q1, and Q3 parameters differentiated NS as more elastic than FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren B. Abbas
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher V. Lavin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Evan J. Fahy
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Guardino
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Megan King
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - P. Hermann Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Arash Momeni
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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Galati V, Vonthein R, Stang F, Mailaender P, Kisch T. Split thickness skin graft versus application of the temporary skin substitute suprathel in the treatment of deep dermal hand burns: a retrospective cohort study of scar elasticity and perfusion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2021; 11:312-320. [PMID: 34557334 PMCID: PMC8449150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two therapeutic options for deep dermal hand burns are autologous split-thickness skin graft (STSG) following tangential excision and the application of the temporary wound dressing Suprathel following removal of burn blisters. We compared elasticity and perfusion of burn scars after both types of therapy at least one year after completion of treatment. A case series of 80 patients of our department with deep dermal hand burns between 2013 and 2018 was examined in the year 2019 at least one year after completion of treatment (24 females and 56 males with a median age of 47.6 years). The clinical assessment of the scar was performed with the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and the objective assessment with suction cutometry (MPA 580) and an O2C device on both hands. Our statistical analysis showed no statistically significant differences for the R2 and R5 elasticity values between the two types of therapy. The 95% confidence intervals for the ratios of elasticity, and microcirculatory perfusion parameters and scar scale scores of burn scars to respective healthy areas of skin after STSG and Suprathel-therapy mostly covered 1. Subgroup analysis of R2 viscoelasticity and analyses with adjustments for scar compression therapy, nicotine consumption, age, palmar or dorsal localization of the burn scar and interactions of age with smoking and localization gave similar results. The adjusted analysis of SO2 showed statistically significant lower SO2 values, 9% less, after STSG compared to Suprathel treatment. Split-thickness skin graft following tangential excision and the application of Suprathel following removal of burn blisters may be equivalent options for treatment of deep dermal hand burns. To detect possible small differences, further studies with larger samples are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Galati
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Care Unit, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of LuebeckLuebeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Vonthein
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of LuebeckLuebeck, Germany
| | - Felix Stang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Care Unit, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of LuebeckLuebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Mailaender
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Care Unit, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of LuebeckLuebeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Kisch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Care Unit, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of LuebeckLuebeck, Germany
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15
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Kim G, Kim M, Kim M, Park C, Yoon Y, Lim DH, Yeo H, Kang S, Lee YG, Beak NI, Lee J, Kim S, Kwon JY, Choi WW, Lee C, Yoon KW, Park H, Lee DG. Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome. Commun Biol 2021; 4:231. [PMID: 33608630 PMCID: PMC7895926 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An unbalanced microbial ecosystem on the human skin is closely related to skin diseases and has been associated with inflammation and immune responses. However, little is known about the role of the skin microbiome on skin aging. Here, we report that the Streptococcus species improved the skin structure and barrier function, thereby contributing to anti-aging. Metagenomic analyses showed the abundance of Streptococcus in younger individuals or those having more elastic skin. Particularly, we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus from face of young individuals. Treatment with secretions of S. pneumoniae and S. infantis induced the expression of genes associated with the formation of skin structure and the skin barrier function in human skin cells. The application of culture supernatant including Streptococcal secretions on human skin showed marked improvements on skin phenotypes such as elasticity, hydration, and desquamation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed overlaps in spermidine biosynthetic and glycogen biosynthetic processes. Streptococcus-secreted spermidine contributed to the recovery of skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aged cells. Overall, our data suggest the role of skin microbiome into anti-aging and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihyeon Kim
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Park
- grid.508753.cGenome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Yoon
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Hyeon Lim
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonju Yeo
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 17104 Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Beak
- grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 17104 Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Biocosmetics Research Center, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419 Suwon City, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kwon
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Won Woo Choi
- Wells Dermatology Clinic, 583 Shinsa-dong, Gangnam-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA ,grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, 03760 Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.452438.cThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- grid.508753.cGenome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea ,grid.412238.e0000 0004 0532 7053Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea ,grid.508753.cGenome and Company, Pangyo-ro 253, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Geol Lee
- R&I Center, COSMAX BTI, Pangyo-ro 255, Bundang-gu, 13486 Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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16
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Scarring at Donor Sites after Split-Thickness Skin Graft: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Randomized Trial. Adv Skin Wound Care 2020; 33:1-5. [PMID: 33208665 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000720256.45983.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if previous findings on the association between dressing treatments and subjective opinion on final donor site scar outcome using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) can be confirmed objectively. The previous study showed that patients dressed with hydrofiber covered with film were more satisfied with their donor site scars than patients receiving porcine xenograft or polyurethane foam dressings. METHODS Scar outcome measurements were assessed by a blinded observer using POSAS and the Cutometer dual MPA 580 device to measure the viscoelasticity of skin. RESULTS A total of 17 participants were included in this study, five of whom were treated with hydrofiber, six with polyurethane foam, and another six with porcine xenograft. There were no significant differences among groups in any of the POSAS items or in the viscoelasticity measurements made with the Cutometer. CONCLUSIONS The investigators could not confirm previous associations between dressing treatment and long-term donor site scars. No associations between donor sites' healing times and final scarring were found. Hypopigmentation was reported in 15 of 17 donor sites evaluated.
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17
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Nkengne A, Robic J, Lua BL. Self-perceived and objective measurements of facial puffiness in Chinese women. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:385-392. [PMID: 33089925 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial puffiness, caused by mild or normal fluid retention, commonly experienced by women, may not pose a health risk, but it can be a cause of cosmetic concern. The objectives of this study were to determine whether self-perceived facial puffiness can be measured objectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 151 Chinese women between 20 and 68 years of age were recruited. Facial water content, skin thickness, and elasticity were measured at two time points within a day (visit one occurred when the participants perceived they had facial puffiness; visit two occurred when the participants perceived their facial puffiness had subsided). Participants were also given a rating scale to self-evaluate their puffiness and firmness at different regions of the face. RESULTS The participants could perceive a difference in facial puffiness between the two visits. Water content and skin thickness were significantly higher in all regions of the face for all participants during the first visit. Skin elasticity was also significantly different between visits one and two. There was a significant increase in water content and skin thickness in the lower eyelid region in women who were older than 40 years. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that self-perceived facial puffiness can be measured objectively and that skin elasticity can change significantly when facial puffiness subsides.
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18
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Kaminaka C, Yamamoto Y, Sakata M, Hamamoto C, Misawa E, Nabeshima K, Saito M, Tanaka M, Abe F, Jinnin M. Effects of low-dose Aloe sterol supplementation on skin moisture, collagen score and objective or subjective symptoms: 12-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Dermatol 2020; 47:998-1006. [PMID: 32515040 PMCID: PMC7496846 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Daily oral intake of 40 μg Aloe sterol was shown in a double‐blind clinical trial to significantly increase skin barrier function, moisture and elasticity. Ultrasonographic results also suggested that the intake of Aloe sterol increases collagen content in the dermis. Here, we evaluate the effects of a much smaller dose of Aloe sterol, approximately half that used previously, on skin functions in more detail. This is a monocentric, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, supplementation study of the effects of low‐dose Aloe sterol on skin transepidermal water loss, hydration, collagen score, evaluation of objective or subjective symptoms, and safety after 12 weeks of daily intake. We randomly administrated either Aloe sterol or placebo to 122 healthy volunteers. Transepidermal water loss was significantly reduced and collagen score was increased in the Aloe sterol group compared with the placebo group at week 12. In the Aloe sterol group, there was significant improvement of objective skin condition (face erythema and pruritus of inner and outer arms) at week 12 compared with week 0, but not in the placebo group. Subjectively, there was significant improvement of visual analog scale of skin acne, fingernail brittleness and constipation in the Aloe sterol group. According to subgroup analysis, although not planned before the study initiation, subjects with dry skin in the Aloe sterol group had significantly increased skin hydration values at week 12 compared with the placebo group. Our results confirmed that even low‐dose Aloe sterol ingestion improves skin moisture by promoting skin barrier function and dermal collagen production, which contributes to maintenance of healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kaminaka
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mariko Sakata
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Misawa
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nabeshima
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Marie Saito
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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19
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Meza D, Li WH, Seo I, Parsa R, Kaur S, Kizoulis M, Southall MD. A blackberry-dill extract combination synergistically increases skin elasticity. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:444-451. [PMID: 32583541 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of structural elastin due to intrinsic and extrinsic ageing results in the skin's inability to stretch and recoil (decrease in elasticity) and manifests as loss of skin firmness and sagging. While other extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen and hyaluronic acid are continually synthesized and assembled through life, elastic fibres are not. Elastic fibre assembly and functionality require fibre cross-linking, induced by the lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) enzymes, which sharply decrease during ageing. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the enhanced elastogenic effect of a blackberry-dill extract combination, which was hypothesized to induce elastin fibre component synthesis, fibre cross-linking and reduce elastin fibre degradation. METHODS The blackberry and the dill extracts were tested separately and in combination to confirm single ingredient bioactivity and synergistic benefits. Human skin explants, dermal fibroblasts, elastase assays, ELISAs, quantitative real-time PCRs and spectrofluorometer measurements were used. Moreover, a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study was carried out to assess skin elasticity using Cutometer and histologically from biopsies. RESULTS The blackberry extract induced elastin gene expression, elastin promoter activity and inhibited elastic fibre degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 9 and 12. The dill extract induced elastin, collagen and LOXL1 gene expression, resulting in enhanced fibre cross-linking in human skin explants. Clinically, the blackberry and dill combination treatment displayed synergistic pro-elasticity activity as compared to each ingredient alone and placebo. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrated the two multimodal plant-based extracts complemented each other in terms of bioactivity and resulted in a synergistic elastogenesis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Meza
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - W-H Li
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - I Seo
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - R Parsa
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - S Kaur
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - M Kizoulis
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - M D Southall
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
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20
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Robinson TM, Talebian S, Foroughi J, Yue Z, Fay CD, Wallace GG. Fabrication of Aligned Biomimetic Gellan Gum-Chitosan Microstructures through 3D Printed Microfluidic Channels and Multiple In Situ Cross-Linking Mechanisms. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3638-3648. [PMID: 33463177 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study we use a combination of ionic- and photo-cross-linking to develop a fabrication method for producing biocompatible microstructures using a methacrylated gellan gum (a polyanion) and chitosan (a polycation) in addition to lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) as the photoinitiator. This work involves the development of a low-cost, portable 3D bioprinter and a customized extrusion mechanism for controlled introduction of the materials through a 3D printed microfluidic nozzle, before being cross-linked in situ to form robust microstructure bundles. The formed microstructures yielded a diameter of less than 1 μm and a tensile strength range of ∼1 MPa. This study is the first to explore and achieve GGMA:CHT microstructure fabrication by means of controlled in-line compaction and photo-cross-linking through 3D printed microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Robinson
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Javad Foroughi
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Cormac D Fay
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,SMART Infrastructure Facility, Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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21
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Motwani MS, Khan K, Pai A, Joshi R. Efficacy of a collagen hydrolysate and antioxidants-containing nutraceutical on metrics of skin health in Indian women. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3371-3382. [PMID: 32424986 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin's aging process involves a decreased biosynthesis of extracellular matrix proteins (predominantly collagen) compounded by damage from environmental and intrinsic stressors. The Indian population is susceptible to skin damage given its geography and increasing urbanization or a genetic disposition. Previous studies have investigated nutrients such as collagen peptides, vitamins and phytonutrient-rich botanical extracts for their individual benefits on skin. AIMS This study examined the collective effect of a proprietary blend of these nutrients (in Nutrova Collagen+Antioxidants; NCA) on skin parameters, which has not been previously studied, especially in an Indian context. PATIENTS/METHODS 34 healthy, Indian women (mean age = 39.5 years) were given a placebo daily for 30 days to establish a baseline, followed by NCA for two intervals of 30 days. 3D image reconstruction allowed the analysis of skin topography and blemishes. Instrumental measurements also included skin firmness, elasticity, hydration, and transepidermal water loss. Clinical evaluation was used to grade blemishes, wrinkles and periorbital hyperpigmentation. RESULTS Based on instrumental evaluation, NCA significantly reduced wrinkle width, open pores, skin roughness, and the colour of hyperpigmented blemishes, while improving skin hydration, firmness and barrier function from baseline to Day 30 and Day 60. NCA also increased elasticity at Day 30. Clinical evaluation showed that periorbital hyperpigmentation and wrinkles reduced significantly. CONCLUSION NCA is effective for improving overall skin health in Indian women. These results show that targeted nutrient supplementation can improve skin health and further research over extended durations is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaynat Khan
- Axys Nutrition Products Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Akshay Pai
- Axys Nutrition Products Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv Joshi
- CLAIMS Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India.,P. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Sommers MS, Regueira Y, Tiller DA, Everett JS, Brown K, Brignone E, Fargo JD. Understanding rates of genital-anal injury: Role of skin color and skin biomechanics. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 66:120-128. [PMID: 31299484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A series of studies suggest that non-Hispanic White women have significantly more injuries than non-Hispanic Black women after sexual assault and consensual sexual intercourse. One explanation for this difference is that the degree of skin protection may vary as skin mechanics and skin pigmentation vary. The aim of the study was to determine the association among genital-anal injury, skin color, skin viscoelasticity and skin hydration in women following consensual sexual intercourse when controlling for age, smoking history, body mass index (BMI), sun exposure, and health status. PROCEDURES We employed a prospective cohort study design to enroll women 21 years of age or older at two study sites. They underwent two data collection sessions, baseline and follow-up after consensual sexual intercourse. Baseline genital-anal injury identification occurred with a standard forensic examination (direct visualization, nuclear staining with toluidine blue contrast, and colposcopy examination) and measurements of other variables (skin color, skin viscoelasticity, skin hydration, age, smoking history, body mass index [BMI], sun exposure, and health status). Participants were then asked to have consensual sexual intercourse with a male partner of their choice and to return for a second forensic examination for injury detection. Genital-anal injury was regressed on skin color, skin viscoelasticity, skin hydration, age, smoking history, BMI, sun exposure, and health status. FINDINGS We enrolled 341 participants, 88 non-Hispanic White (25.8%), 54 non-Hispanic Black (15.8%), 190 Hispanic/Latina (55.7), and 9 Other Identities (2.6%). At baseline the genital-anal injury prevalence was 57.77% and at follow-up after consensual sexual intercourse, injury prevalence was 72.73%. External genital injury prevalence was associated with increased L* (lightness) values (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.03, 4.04) and decreased skin elasticity (AOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93, 0.99) at baseline. Increased skin hydration was associated with a significantly higher frequency of external, internal, anal, and total genital-anal injuries (Adjusted Rate Ratio [ARR] > 1.27) at follow-up. Also at the follow-up examination, Hispanic/Latina participants had significantly lower external genital and total genital-anal injury prevalence and frequency as compared to non-Hispanic White participants (AOR < 0.40). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide qualified support for the importance of skin color during the forensic examination. Women with lighter skin tones may have skin that is more easily injured than women with darker tones. In contrast, external genital injuries may be more easily identified in women with light as compared to dark skin, a situation that is important in both the health care and criminal justice systems. Additionally, women with decreased viscoelasticity and increased hydration may be more easily injured. These findings support the need to develop forensic procedures that are effective in people across the range of skin colors and to interpret forensic findings considering the innate properties of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn S Sommers
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yadira Regueira
- University of Puerto Rico School of Nursing, Medical Sciences Campus, Box 365067, San Juan, PR, 00936, USA.
| | - Deborah A Tiller
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Janine S Everett
- Franklin and Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA, 17603, USA.
| | - Kathleen Brown
- University of Pennsylvania, Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Emily Brignone
- Utah State University, Department of Psychology, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - Jamison D Fargo
- Utah State University Department of Psychology, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
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Malhotra D, Pan S, Rüther L, Goudoulas TB, Schlippe G, Voss W, Germann N. Linear viscoelastic and microstructural properties of native male human skin and in vitro 3D reconstructed skin models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:644-654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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DeJong HM, Abbott S, Zelesco M, Kennedy BF, Ziman MR, Wood FM. The validity and reliability of using ultrasound elastography to measure cutaneous stiffness, a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2017; 7:124-141. [PMID: 29348976 PMCID: PMC5768929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound elastography is an imaging technology which can objectively and non-invasively assess tissue stiffness. It is emerging as a useful marker for disease diagnosis, progression and treatment efficacy. OBJECTIVE To examine current, published research evaluating the use of ultrasound elastography for the measurement of cutaneous or subcutaneous stiffness and to determine the level of validity and reliability, recommended methodologies and limitations. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of science and Scopus were systematically searched in August 2016 to identify original articles evaluating the use of ultrasound elastography to assess cutaneous stiffness. Relevant studies were then quality evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies v 2 (QUADAS-2) tool and the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL). RESULTS From a total of 688 articles, 14 met the inclusion criteria for full review. Within the 14 studies, elastography was used to evaluate tumors, systemic sclerosis, lymphedema, abscess, and post-radiation neck fibrosis. Only three robust studies demonstrated good interrater reliability, whereas all validity studies had low sample sizes and demonstrated risks of bias. CONCLUSION Robust evidence supporting the use of ultrasound elastography as a diagnostic tool in cutaneous conditions is low, however, initial indicators support further research to establish the utility of ultrasound elastography in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M DeJong
- Perth Scar and Pain ClinicMount Pleasant, Western Australia, 6153, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Steven Abbott
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch, Western Australian, 6150, Australia
| | - Marilyn Zelesco
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch, Western Australian, 6150, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia Crawley6009, Western Australia
| | - Mel R Ziman
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, The University of Western Australia CrawleyWestern Australia, 6009, Australia
- Burn Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch, Western Australian, 6150, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Health Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret HospitalSubiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation Fiona Stanley HospitalMurdoch, Western Australian, 6150, Australia
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Voravutinon N, Seawthaweesin K, Bureethan A, Srivipatana A, Vejanurug P. Efficacy of diode laser (810 and 940 nm) for facial skin tightening. J Cosmet Dermatol 2015; 14:E7-14. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apron Bureethan
- Institute of Dermatology; Ministry of Public Health; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Patnapa Vejanurug
- Institute of Dermatology; Ministry of Public Health; Bangkok Thailand
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Ezure T, Yagi E, Amano S, Matsuzaki K. Dermal anchoring structures: convex matrix structures at the bottom of the dermal layer that contribute to the maintenance of facial skin morphology. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:152-7. [PMID: 26058484 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Facial skin must be linked to underlying structures to maintain facial morphology and prevent sagging, but the mechanism of facial skin retention is largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate this mechanism. METHODS Twenty-two cheek skin specimens (age range: 10s-60s, both genders) were observed histologically. And 30 cheek of healthy Japanese volunteers (age range: 30s-50s, female) was photographed and the severity of sagging was graded. Dermal layer morphology was observed non-invasively with ultrasound. Skin-retaining force was measured with a Cutometer MPA 580(®) , and sagging severity was evaluated by grading criteria. RESULTS Histological observation revealed characteristic convex structures at the bottom of the dermal layer. Non-invasive study showed that the depth of the convex structures, measured by ultrasonography, was significantly negatively related to the ratio of viscoelastic to elastic distention (Uv/Ue) and positively related to the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation (Ur/Uf) at the cheek of female volunteers, measured by cutometer. It was also negatively related to sagging severity. Further, Ur/Uf was negatively and Uv/Ue was positively related to sagging severity. CONCLUSION Characteristic convex structures at the bottom of the dermal layer serve as anchoring structures to maintain skin morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ezure
- Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - E Yagi
- Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Amano
- Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Matsuzaki
- St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Meng D, Shoepe T, Vejarano G. Accuracy Improvement on the Measurement of Human-Joint Angles. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2015; 20:498-507. [PMID: 25622331 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2015.2394467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A measurement technique that decreases the root mean square error (RMSE) of measurements of human-joint angles using a personal wireless sensor network is reported. Its operation is based on virtual rotations of wireless sensors worn by the user, and it focuses on the arm, whose position is measured on 5 degree of freedom (DOF). The wireless sensors use inertial magnetic units that measure the alignment of the arm with the earth's gravity and magnetic fields. Due to the biomechanical properties of human tissue (e.g., skin's elasticity), the sensors' orientation is shifted, and this shift affects the accuracy of measurements. In the proposed technique, the change of orientation is first modeled from linear regressions of data collected from 15 participants at different arm positions. Then, out of eight body indices measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the percentage of body fat is found to have the greatest correlation with the rate of change in sensors' orientation. This finding enables us to estimate the change in sensors' orientation from the user's body fat percentage. Finally, an algorithm virtually rotates the sensors using quaternion theory with the objective of reducing the error. The proposed technique is validated with experiments on five different participants. In the DOF, whose error decreased the most, the RMSE decreased from 2.20(°) to 0.87(°). This is an improvement of 60%, and in the DOF whose error decreased the least, the RMSE decreased from 1.64(°) to 1.37(°). This is an improvement of 16%. On an average, the RMSE improved by 44%.
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