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Huang HH, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Su TP, Chen TJ, Tsai SJ, Chen MH. Congenital cleft lip and palate and elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders: A nationwide longitudinal study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:637-647. [PMID: 37681435 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cleft lip and palate (CCLP) may be associated with major psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. METHODS From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 1,158 children and adolescents with CCLP and 11,580 age/sex-matched controls without CCLP were included in this study between 2001 and 2010; they were followed up until the end of 2011 to identify the aforementioned major psychiatric disorders. RESULTS After adjustment for age, sex, income, residence, and family history, the Cox regression model revealed a positive relationship of CCLP with subsequent schizophrenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03-28.54), ASD (HR: 6.03, 95% CI: 1.76-20.61), and ADHD (HR: 7.33, 95% CI: 5.01-10.73). DISCUSSION These findings suggest that clinicians should be attentive to the presence or emergence of mental health conditions in patients with CCLP. Further studies are necessary to investigate the pathogenesis between CCLP and major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Denault WRP, Romanowska J, Haaland ØA, Lyle R, Taylor J, Xu Z, Lie RT, Gjessing HK, Jugessur A. Wavelet Screening identifies regions highly enriched for differentially methylated loci for orofacial clefts. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab035. [PMID: 33987535 PMCID: PMC8092375 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is the most widely studied epigenetic mark in humans and plays an essential role in normal biological processes as well as in disease development. More focus has recently been placed on understanding functional aspects of methylation, prompting the development of methods to investigate the relationship between heterogeneity in methylation patterns and disease risk. However, most of these methods are limited in that they use simplified models that may rely on arbitrarily chosen parameters, they can only detect differentially methylated regions (DMRs) one at a time, or they are computationally intensive. To address these shortcomings, we present a wavelet-based method called 'Wavelet Screening' (WS) that can perform an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of thousands of individuals on a single CPU in only a matter of hours. By detecting multiple DMRs located near each other, WS identifies more complex patterns that can differentiate between different methylation profiles. We performed an extensive set of simulations to demonstrate the robustness and high power of WS, before applying it to a previously published EWAS dataset of orofacial clefts (OFCs). WS identified 82 associated regions containing several known genes and loci for OFCs, while other findings are novel and warrant replication in other OFCs cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R P Denault
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Romanowska
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein A Haaland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch and Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS), 27709, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS), 27709, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon K Gjessing
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5006, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway
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Conrad AL, Kuhlmann E, van der Plas E, Axelson E. Brain structure and neural activity related to reading in boys with isolated oral clefts. Child Neuropsychol 2021; 27:621-640. [PMID: 33557685 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1879765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate brain structure and function in participants with iCL/P and unaffected controls. Effects of cleft presence and reading status (average vs impaired) were evaluated.Methods: Males, ages 8-11 years old, including 26 with iCL/P and 57 unaffected peers were recruited and coded for reading status (average vs impaired). All participants underwent a volumetric and task-based functional MRI. Volumes and significant regions of activation during the decoding task were obtained. Main effects of cleft and reading status, and their interaction were evaluated.Results: Participants with iCL/P had significantly increased frontal gray matter volume (associated with average reading) and occipital gray and white matter volume (associated with impaired reading). Impaired readers with iCL/P had a distinctive activation pattern in visual association and motor regions relative to other groups.Conclusions: Findings suggest that increases in frontal gray matter volume may be associated with effective compensation during reading, while posterior increases in occipital volume may be associated with ineffective compensation for participants with iCL/P. These patterns were different from idiopathic dyslexia. Further work in a larger sample is needed to determine if these differences are associated with cleft type and with sex.Abbreviations: iCL/P (isolated cleft lip and/or palate); iCL (isolated cleft lip only); iCLP (isolated cleft lip and palate); iCP (isolated cleft palate only); uAR (unaffected average reader); uIR (unaffected impaired reader); cAR (average reader with iCL/P); cIR (impaired reader with iCL/P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lynn Conrad
- The Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily Kuhlmann
- The Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ellen van der Plas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Conrad AL, Goodwin JW, Choi J, Block RI, Nopoulos P. The Relationship of Exposure to Anesthesia on Outcomes in Children With Isolated Oral Clefts. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:308-315. [PMID: 28193114 PMCID: PMC5312661 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816681257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between exposure to anesthesia and previously identified differences in cognitive functioning, growth, and volumetric brain measures among a sample of children, adolescents, and young adults with isolated oral clefts. Data from a cross-sectional study were combined with a retrospective chart review. Data were obtained for 87 participants with isolated cleft lip and/or palate (55% male), ranging from 7.5 to 27 years old (mean = 15.78, standard deviation = 4.58). Measures of interest included cognitive functioning, growth measures, and brain volumes. Number of surgeries and time under anesthesia were obtained through systematic medical record review. Potential sex and cleft type differences in exposure as well as relationships between anesthesia exposure and outcome measures were evaluated. Participants with isolated cleft lip and palate had more surgeries and were under anesthesia longer. For participants with isolated cleft lip only, more surgeries were correlated to lower verbal IQ and higher frontal lobe volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Conrad
- 1 The Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA
| | - Jon W Goodwin
- 2 Department of Psychological & Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA
| | - James Choi
- 3 Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA
| | - Robert I Block
- 3 Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA
| | - Peg Nopoulos
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa city, IA, USA
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