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Xu F, Earp JE, Delmonico MJ, Lofgren IE, Riebe D. A cross-sectional study of the relationship between physical activity, diet quality, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in US adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1226-1234. [PMID: 38418349 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with many diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD). Research into the independent and integrated relationships of physical activity and diet quality with hs-CRP across sex-specific cohorts is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2015-2018) was used to examine the relationship between physical activity and diet quality with hs-CRP and hs-CRP classified CVD risk using multiple multinormal logistic regression adjusted for covariates including demographics. Physical activity was measured using a self-reported survey and further categorized to those who met (MPAR) or did not meet (NPAR) national recommendations. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015, and further categorized to higher (HDQ) and lower (LDQ) diet quality. hs-CRP was also categorized as low, average, and high CVD risk using established cut-points. Physical activity was inversely related to hs-CRP in males (p < 0.001) whereas diet quality was inversely related to hs-CRP in females (p = 0.031). Compared to those with NPAR and LDQ, the hs-CRP for males with NPAR and HDQ and females with MPAR and HDQ was 1.18 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L lower respectively. Although, diet quality was inversely associated with high CVD risk in both sexes (p < 0.05), the lowest proportion of high and average CVD risk was observed in males and females with MPAR and HDQ. CONCLUSION Physical activity and diet-quality lowered CVD risk regardless of sex. However, the independent effects of physical activity and diet quality on hs-CPR differs between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- College of Education, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
| | - Jacob E Earp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Matthew J Delmonico
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independent Square, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Ingrid E Lofgren
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Deborah Riebe
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independent Square, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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Islam MA, Khandker SS, Kotyla PJ, Hassan R. Immunomodulatory Effects of Diet and Nutrients in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1477. [PMID: 32793202 PMCID: PMC7387408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement, including the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, central nervous system and the haematopoietic system, with a large number of complications. Despite years of study, the etiology of SLE remains unclear; thus, safe and specifically targeted therapies are lacking. In the last 20 years, researchers have explored the potential of nutritional factors on SLE and have suggested complementary treatment options through diet. This study systematically reviews and evaluates the clinical and preclinical scientific evidence of diet and dietary supplementation that either alleviate or exacerbate the symptoms of SLE. For this review, a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases only for articles written in the English language. Based on the currently published literature, it was observed that a low-calorie and low-protein diet with high contents of fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and polyphenols contain sufficient potential macronutrients and micronutrients to regulate the activity of the overall disease by modulating the inflammation and immune functions of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Shahad Saif Khandker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Przemysław J Kotyla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rosline Hassan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Vordenbäumen S, Sokolowski A, Kutzner L, Rund KM, Düsing C, Chehab G, Richter JG, Brinks R, Schneider M, Schebb NH. Erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles are associated with systemic inflammation and fish consumption in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study. Lupus 2020; 29:554-559. [PMID: 32188303 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320912326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and association with systemic inflammation and fish consumption in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Parameters of PUFA status including the proportion of omega-6 and -3 fatty acids in highly unsaturated fatty acids (omega-6%, omega-3%), essential fatty acids linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) and the sum of key omega-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 status) were measured by gas chromatography in 68 SLE patients (88.2% female, aged 45.7±12.5 years). Associations with serum CRP, disease activity, damage and fish consumption were assessed by linear regression modelling adjusted for age, sex and body mass index. Associations are reported in terms of regression coefficients (β). Results Omega-6 PUFA were associated with higher CRP: omega-6% (β = 0.052, p = 0.02), the ratio of LA/ALA (β = 0.007, p = 0.02) and ARA (β = 0.308, p = 0.001). Conversely, omega-3% was associated with lower CRP (β = −0.051, p = 0.02). Increased dietary PUFA consumption from fish (g/day) was linked to a higher omega-3 status (β = 2.21, p = 0.02) and lower self-reported damage (Brief Index of Lupus Damage; β = −3.22, p = 0.02). Conclusions Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid status differentially reflect systemic inflammation in SLE and are linked to fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vordenbäumen
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Sokolowski
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Kutzner
- University of Wuppertal, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rund
- University of Wuppertal, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christina Düsing
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gamal Chehab
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta G Richter
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralph Brinks
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Rheumatology and Hiller Research Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nils H Schebb
- University of Wuppertal, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Wuppertal, Germany
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