Association of BglII Polymorphism in ITGA2 and (894G/T and -786T/C) Polymorphisms in eNOS Gene With Stroke Susceptibility in Tunisian Patients α2 Gene Polymorphism in α2β1 Integrin and eNOS Gene Variants and Stroke

Inflammation and endothelial function relevant genetic polymorphisms, carotid atherosclerosis, and vascular events in high-risk stroke population

Aim

To identify the associations of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in inflammation and endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis with subsequent ischemic stroke and other vascular events in the high-risk stroke population.

Methods

This was a multicenter community-based sectional survey and prospective cohort study in Sichuan, southwestern China. Eight communities were randomly selected, and the residents in each community were surveyed using a structured face-to-face questionnaire. Carotid ultrasonography and DNA information were obtained from 2,377 out of 2,893 individuals belonging to a high-risk stroke population. Genotypes of the 19 SNPs in genes involved in inflammation and endothelial function were measured. All the 2,377 subjects were followed up for 4.7 years after the face-to-face survey. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke, and the secondary outcome was a composite of vascular events.

Results

Among the 2,377 subjects, 2,205 (92.8%) completed a 4.7-year follow-up, 947 (42.9%) had carotid atherosclerosis [372 (16.9%) carotid vulnerable plaque, 405 (18.4%) mean IMT > 0.9 mm, 285 (12.0%) carotid stenosis ≥15%]. Outcomes occurred in 158 (7.2%) subjects [92 (4.2%) ischemic stroke, 17 (0.8%) hemorrhagic stroke, 48 (2.2%) myocardial infarction, and 26 (1.2%) death] during follow-up. There was a significant gene-gene interaction among ITGA2 rs1991013, IL1A rs1609682, and HABP2 rs7923349 in the 19 SNPs. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that carotid atherosclerosis and the high-risk interactive genotypes among the three SNPs were independent with a higher risk for ischemic stroke (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52-6.78, p = 0.004; and OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 2.12-9.27, p < 0.001, respectively) and composite vascular events (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.46-6.35, p < 0.001; and OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.97-8.52, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was shown to be very high in the high-risk stroke population. Specific SNPs, interactions among them, and carotid atherosclerosis were independently associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke and other vascular events.

The roles of MMP8/MMP10 polymorphisms in ischemic stroke susceptibility

BACKGROUND

Ischemic stroke (IS), a multifactorial and polygenic disease, is the most common cause of death. This study aimed to determine the roles of MMP8/MMP10 polymorphisms in IS susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.

METHODS

MMP8 rs1940475 and rs3765620, and MMP10 rs17860949 from 700 IS patients and 700 controls were genotyped by the MassARRAY iPLEX platform. The impact of polymorphisms on IS risk was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Our study indicated that rs17860949 in MMP10 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of IS (OR = 0.632, p = .002). Precisely, stratification analysis showed that rs17860949 was relate to a decreased susceptibility to IS in patients aged > 55 years (OR = 0.472, p < .001), males (OR = 0.632, p = .012), nonsmokers (OR = 0.610, p = .017), and nondrinkers (OR = 0.559, p = .006). All these significant findings were verified by false-positive report probability test. Furthermore, GG genotype and AG genotype in MMP8 rs3765620 polymorphism were related to a reduced triglycerides concentration (p = .018).

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that rs17860949 in MMP10 may play a protective role in IS in the Chinese Han population.

ITGA2 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kazakhstan Population

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, every tenth adult in the world suffers from diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of type 2 DM (T2DM) and a leading cause of acquired blindness in middle-aged individuals in many countries. Previous studies have identified associations of several gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to microvascular complications of DM in various worldwide populations. In our study, we aimed to test the hypothesis of the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the VEGF (−2549I/D), RAGE (−429T/C and −374T/A), TCF7L2 (rs7903146), and ITGA2 (BglII) genes with a predisposition to DR among T2DM patients in the Kazakhstan population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case–control study comparing the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between groups of DR patients (N = 94), diabetic patients without DR (N = 94), and healthy controls (N = 51). Genotypes were identified using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: In all cases, the genotype distribution corresponded to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The groups of diabetic patients with and without DR did not significantly differ in the genotype distribution of the SNPs studied. Differences between both groups of diabetic patients and healthy controls in four out of five SNPs were also not significant. At the same time, both groups of diabetic patients differed significantly from healthy controls in genotype distribution (p = 0.042 and 0.005, respectively) and allele frequencies (p = 0.021 and 0.002, respectively) of the BglII polymorphism in the ITGA2 gene. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, the differences between the group of diabetic patients without DR and the control group remained significant (pBonf = 0.027 for genotypes and pBonf = 0.009 for alleles). The BglII− allele was associated with diabetes: OR = 1.81 [1.09–2.99] for DR patients, and OR = 2.24 [1.34–3.75] for diabetic patients without DR. The association was also observed in the subset of Kazakhs. Conclusions: This study shows that the BglII polymorphism in the ITGA2 gene can be associated with T2DM but not with DR. According to our data, the risk allele for diabetes is the wild BglII− allele, and not the minor BglII+, which is considered as risky for DR.